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Cornea's Role in Vision: The cornea is indeed a crucial component of the eye, responsible for refracting (bending) incoming light and directing it onto the retina. This process helps in forming a clear and focused image on the retina, which is essential for good vision.https://www.arhameyecare.com/treatment/cornea-treatment-in-rajkot

Corneal Damage: Corneal damage can occur due to various reasons, including injuries, infections, diseases like keratoconus, and genetic conditions. When the cornea becomes scarred or damaged, it can significantly affect a person's vision, leading to distortion or loss of vision.

Corneal Transplantation: Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting or keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure used to replace a damaged or diseased cornea with a healthy cornea from a donor. This procedure can be either partial (lamellar) or complete (full-thickness) depending on the extent of the damage and the specific condition being treated.

Donor Corneas: Donor corneas are typically obtained from individuals who have chosen to donate their eyes after death. Eye banks carefully evaluate and store these donated corneas, making them available for transplantation to individuals in need.

Types of Corneal Transplants:

Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP): This involves replacing the entire cornea with a donor cornea. It's used for extensive damage or diseases affecting the full thickness of the cornea. Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK): In this procedure, only the anterior (front) layers of the cornea are replaced, leaving the endothelial layer intact. It's often used when the inner layer of the cornea is healthy. Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK): EK procedures selectively replace the endothelial layer of the cornea. There are two main types: Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). EK is typically used for diseases like Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy.