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Physicians in Poland

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In Poland, healthcare proffession of a physician is known as lekarz

Practitioner of dental medicine

Education and training

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Upon the graduation (copleting the course, passing all classes) and recieving a diploma, an internship starts lasting for thirteen months, after which an intern can take an exam, known as the Final Physician's Exam (Lekarski Egzamin Końcowy), which grants them license to practice medicine. Then a physician can seek a medical specialisation, usually through a residency, a clinical training within the speciality under supervison of a physician already holding the specialt title. The process ends with the State Specialising Exam (Państwowy Egzamin Specjalizacyjny).

Medical specialties recognised in Poland
  1. Allergology (0731);
  2. Anesthesiology and intensive care medicine (0701);
  3. Angiology (0732);
  4. Audiology and phoniatrics (0733);
  5. Balneology and physical medicine (0734);
  6. Pediatric surgery (0702);
  7. Thoracic surgery (0735);
  8. Vascular surgery (0736);
  9. General surgery (0703);
  10. Surgical oncology (0737);
  11. Plastic surgery (0738);
  12. Oral and maxillofacial surgery (0704);
  13. Pulmonology (0739);
  14. Pediatric pulmonology (0792);
  15. Internal medicine (0705);
  16. Infectious diseases (0706);
  17. Dermatology and venereology (0707);
  18. Diabetology (0740);
  19. Laboratory diagnostics (0708);
  20. Endocrinology (0741);
  21. Gynaecologic endocrinology and reproductive medicine (Reproductive endocrinology and infertility?) (0799);
  22. Pediatric endocrinology and diabetology (0796);
  23. Epidemiology (0710);
  24. Clinical pharmacology (0742);
  25. Gastroenterology (0743);
  26. Pediatric gastroenterology (0797);
  27. Clinical genetics (0709);
  28. Geriatrics (0744);
  29. Gynecologic oncology (0787);
  30. Hematology (0745);
  31. Hypertension medicine (0788);
  32. Clinical immunology (0746);
  33. Intensive care medicine (0801);
  34. Cardiac surgery (0747);
  35. Cardiology (0748);
  36. Pediatric cardiology (0762);
  37. Aviation medicine (0793);
  38. Maritime and tropical medicine (0794);
  39. Nuclear medicine (0749);
  40. Palliative medicine (0750);
  41. Occupational medicine (0711);
  42. Emergency medicine (0712);
  43. Family medicine (0713);
  44. Forensic medicine (0714);
  45. Sports medicine (0751);
  46. Medical microbiology (0716);
  47. Nephrology (0752);
  48. Pediatric nephrology (0798);
  49. Neonatology (0753);
  50. Neurosurgery (0717);
  51. Neurology (0718);
  52. Pediatric neurology (0763);
  53. Neuropathology (0789);
  54. Ophthalmology (0719);
  55. Pediatric oncology and hematology (0755);
  56. Oncology (0754);
  57. Orthopedics and traumatology (0720);
  58. Otorhinolaryngology (0721);
  59. Pediatric otorhinolaryngology (0790);
  60. Pathology (0722);
  61. Pediatrics (0723);
  62. Metabolic pediatrics (0795);
  63. Perinatology (0800);
  64. Obstetrics and gynaecology (0724);
  65. Psychiatry (0725);
  66. Child and adolescent psychiatry (0756);
  67. Radiology and medical imaging (0726);
  68. Radiation therapy (0727);
  69. Medical rehabilitation (0728);
  70. Reumatology (0757);
  71. Sexual medicine (0758);
  72. Toxicology (0759);
  73. Transfusion medicine (0760);
  74. Transplant medicine (0761);
  75. Urology (0729);
  76. Pediatric urology (0791);
  77. Public health (0730).

Regulation

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regulated by acts of parliament and implementing government regulations. statutory bodies set for the are self-regulatory organisation local chambers of physicians (sg. okręgowa izba lekarska) arranged into districts, supervised by the Supreme Chamber of Physicians.

Supreme Chamber of Physicians
Naczelna Izba Lekarska
AbbreviationNIL
President of the Supreme Council of Physicians
Łukasz Jankowski
Governing body
Supreme Council of Physicians
Main organ
National Congress of Physicians
Subsidiaries
  • 23 district chambers of physicians
  • Chamber of Physicians of the Military

Senate of Poland

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Organisation

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Leadership

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Marshal

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Senate works are led by the Marshal of the Senate, which is elected -?- senators with the majority vote at the first sitting of the chamber. Upon their election proceedings are led by the Senior Marshal designated out of the most senior senators by the President.

Presidium

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Council of Seniors

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Committees

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Standing committee

Administration

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Administrative, organisational and technical matters are responsibilities of the Chancellery of the Senate, which assists the Marshal, Presidium, committies and senators with fullfiling daily tasks. Chancellery is headed with its chief appointed by the Marshal. Performed assignments include: stenographic recording of proceedings, legal and other substantive advising, payment of senators salaries and expences.

Powers and procedure

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Deputy Marshal of the Senate

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Deputy Marshal of the Senate
Wicemarszałek Senatu
Portrait of Magdalena Biejat
Magdalena Biejat
Portrait of Rafał Grupiński
Rafał Grupiński
Portrait of Michał Kamiński
Michał Kamiński
Portrait of Maciej Żywno
Maciej Żywno
Incumbents
 
since 13 November 2023
Senate of Poland

Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Wicemarszałek Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)[a] is a senator elected a deputy of the Senate Marshal, lider of the upper house of Polish legislature. Together Marshal and their deputies constitue the Presidium of the Senate.

List

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Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)

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Republic of Poland (since 1989)

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9th term (2015–2019)

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Deputy marshal Parliamentary group Term of office
Adam Bielan[1][2] Law and Justice 12 November 2015 28 May 2019
Bogdan Borusewicz[1] Civic Platform 12 November 2015 11 November 2019
Grzegorz Czelej[1][3] Law and Justice 12 November 2015 20 April 2017
Maria Koc[1] Law and Justice 12 November 2015 11 November 2019
Michał Seweryński[3] Law and Justice 20 April 2017 11 November 2019
Marek Pęk[4] Law and Justice 26 June 2019 11 November 2019
Serving under marshalship of Stanisław Karczewski (PiS).

[1]

[4] [3] [2]

10th term (2019–2023)

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Deputy marshal Parliamentary group Term of office
Bogdan Borusewicz Civic Coalition 12 November 2019
Michał Kamiński (PSL), Stanisław Karczewski (PiS) i Gabriela Morawska-Stanecka (Lewica)
Serving under marshalship of Tomasz Grodzki (PO).

10th term (2019–2023)

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Deputy marshal Parliamentary group Term of office
Bogdan Borusewicz Civic Coalition 12 November 2019 12 November 2023
Michał Kamiński Polish Coalition 12 November 2019 12 November 2023
Stanisław Karczewski Law and Justice 12 November 2019 13 May 2020
Gabriela Morawska-Stanecka The Left 12 November 2019 12 November 2023
Civic Coalition
(since 16 August 2023)
Marek Pęk Law and Justice 13 May 2020 12 November 2023
Serving under marshalship of Tomasz Grodzki (KO).

[5]

[6]

11th term (since 2023)

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Deputy marshal Parliamentary group Term of office
Magdalena Biejat The Left 13 November 2023 Incumbents
Rafał Grupiński Civic Coalition
Michał Kamiński Third Way
Maciej Żywno Third Way
Serving under marshalship of Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska (KO).

Notes

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  1. ^ lit. 'Vice Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland'

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "Senat wybrał wicemarszałków. M.in. Bielan i Borusewicz". Dziennik Gazeta Prawna. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Senatorowie / Sylwetki / Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej". senat.gov.pl. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Wicemarszałek Senatu z PiS zrezygnował. "Ze względów prywatnych"". TVN24.pl. TVN. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Senator Pęk nowym wicemarszałkiem Senatu". polsatnews.pl. Polsat. 26 June 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  5. ^ Kondzińska, Agata; Wroński, Paweł (12 November 2019). "Marszałek Grodzki. Opozycja bierze Senat". Gazeta Wyborcza. Agora. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  6. ^ Dobrosz-Oracz, Justyna; Wójcik, Rafał (13 May 2020). "Karczewski odwołany w nocy z funkcji wicemarszałka. To PiS zmusił go do odejścia?". Gazeta Wyborcza. Agora. Retrieved 3 March 2024.


Office of Rail Transport (Poland)

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Office of Rail Transport
Urząd Transportu Kolejowego

Office headquarters
Office overview
Formed1 June 2003
Preceding office
  • General Railway Inspectorate
JurisdictionPoland
HeadquartersEurocentrum Office Complex, 134 Aleje Jerozolimskie, Warsaw
Office executive
  • dr inż. Ignacy Góra, President of the Office of Rail Transport
Websitewww.utk.gov.pl

The President of the Office of Rail Transport (Polish: Urząd Transportu Kolejowego, UTK) is Polish non-ministerial central government administration offical responsible for regulation of rail transport. The President is appointed directly by the Polish prime minister and their Office is independent from any ministry within the government of Poland. The Office ensures safety, enforces standards, legal regulations and licenses railway operations troughout the country.

History

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In 1997 the General Rail Inspectorate (Polish: Główny Inspektorat Kolejnictwa) was established for engineering supervision of railways and railway vehicles to ensure safety of railway operations. The Inspectorate also performed special costruction supervision of contructions on railway territories.[1][2] In 2003 as new Act on Rail Transport[a] was passed it was restructured into Office of Rail Transport headed by the President who was subordinate to a minister resposible for transport. The Office gained authority over regulating rail transport market as begining in 2000[3] it was comercialised to meet European Union.[1]

Purpose

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Notes

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  1. ^ Act on Rail Transport of 2003 (Dz.U. 2003 nr 86 poz. 789):

References

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  1. ^ a b "15 lat Urzędu Transportu Kolejowego - Aktualności - Urząd Transportu Kolejowego". utk.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  2. ^ "Ustawa z dnia 27 czerwca 1997 r. o transporcie kolejowym". isap.sejm.gov.p (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  3. ^ Wilczek-Karczewska, Magdalena (2015). "Rozwój kolei żelaznych na ziemiach polskich w ujęciu historycznoprawnym" (PDF). ikar.wz.uw.edu.pl. Internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny 2015, nr 1 (4) (in Polish). pp. 123–124. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
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