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Is Internet Addiction a disorder

Section currently being edited by User:sarahmckinley4

Internet addiction and pornography

Young (1999),^[1]^[2] a founding member of The Centre for On-Line Addiction claims Internet addiction is a broad term that covers a wide variety of behaviors and impulse control problems. She claims this is categorized by five specific subtypes including:

Cybersexual addiction: compulsive use of adult websites for cybersex and cyberporn.
Cyber-relationship addiction: Over-involvement in online relationships.
Net compulsions: Obsessive online gambling, shopping or day-trading.
Information overload: Compulsive web surfing or database searches.
Computer addiction: Obsessive computer game playing.

Hypersexuality has become an enduring focus of empirical consideration in recent years (Kafka, 2010)^[3] The study of compulsive Internet pornography use as a subdomain of hypersexuality has also become a prevalent empirical focus in recent years. Internet pornography use is increasingly common in Western cultures (Carroll et al. 2008).^[4] In tandem with this increase, the mental health community has witnessed a dramatic rise in problematic Internet pornography use (Manning, 2006; Warden et al. 2004; Owens, Behun, Manning, & Reid, 2012).^[5]^[6]^[7]

Joshua B. Grubbs, a specialist in Addictive Behavior Patterns, outlines in the journal: Internet Pornography Use: Perceived Addiction,^[8] that present there is no widely accepted means of defining or assessing problematic Internet pornography use and the notion of Internet pornography addiction is still highly controversial.

The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) does not recognise Internet pornography as an addiction.^[9] Dr. Donald L. Hilton Jr, MD discusses that the proposed DSM-5, currently set to be published in May 2014, contains in this new addition the diagnosis of Hypersexual Disorder, which includes problematic, compulsive pornography use.^[10]

This can be party attributed to the substantiated claim of Bostwick and Bucci ^[11] (Bostwic & Bucci 2008) when treating Internet pornography addiction with naltrexone. They found that cellular adaptations in the (pornography) addict’s PFC resultd in increased salience of drug-associated stimuli, decreased salience of non-drug stimuli, and decreased interest in pursuing goal-directed activities central to survival.

References:

^ Young, K. (1999). The research and controversy surrounding internet addiction. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2, 381–383. Springer Int J Ment Health Addict (2006) 51
^ Young, K. (1999b). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation and treatment. In L. VandeCreek & T. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book, 17 (pp. 19–31). Sarasota, Florida: Professional Resource Press.
^ Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 377–400. Kalichman, S. C., & Rompa, D. (1995). Sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity scales: Reliability, validity,and predicting HIV risk behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 586–601.
^ Carroll, J. S., Padilla-Walker, L., Nelson, L. J., Olson, C. D., Barry, C. M., & Madsen, S. D. (2008). Generation XXX. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23, 6–30.
^ Manning, J. C. (2006). The impact of Internet pornography on marriage and the family: A review of the research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 13, 131–165.
^ Internet Addiction, Narelle L. Warden, James G. Phillips, James R. P. Ogloff Psychiatry, Psychology and Law Vol. 11, Iss. 2, 2004
^ Owens, E. W., Behun, R. J., Manning, J. C., & Reid, R. C. (2012). The impact of Internet pornography on adolescents: A review of the research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19, 99–122.
^ Internet Pornography Use: Perceived Addiction, Psychological Distress, and the Validation of a Brief Measure. Joshua B. Grubbs, Fred Volk, Julie J. Exline, Kenneth I. Pargament Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 797–798. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
^ Pornography addiction: A neuroscience perspective, Donald L. Hilton, Jr, Clark Watts, Surg Neurol Int. 2011; 2: 19. Published online 2011 February 21. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.76977, PMC 3050060
^ Internet sex addiction treated with naltrexone. Bostwick JM, Bucci JA Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Feb; 83(2):226-30.

[1] Young, K. (1999). The research and controversy surrounding internet addiction. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2, 381–383. Springer Int J Ment Health Addict (2006) 51

[2] Young, K. (1999b). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation and treatment. In L. VandeCreek & T. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book, 17 (pp. 19–31). Sarasota, Florida: Professional Resource Press.

[3] Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 377–400. Kalichman, S. C., & Rompa, D. (1995). Sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity scales: Reliability, validity,and predicting HIV risk behavior. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 586–601.

[4] Carroll, J. S., Padilla-Walker, L., Nelson, L. J., Olson, C. D., Barry, C. M., & Madsen, S. D. (2008). Generation XXX. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23, 6–30.

[5] Manning, J. C. (2006). The impact of Internet pornography on marriage and the family: A review of the research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 13, 131–165.

[6] Internet Addiction, Narelle L. Warden, James G. Phillips, James R. P. Ogloff Psychiatry, Psychology and Law Vol. 11, Iss. 2, 2004

[7] Owens, E. W., Behun, R. J., Manning, J. C., & Reid, R. C. (2012). The impact of Internet pornography on adolescents: A review of the research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19, 99–122.

[8] Internet Pornography Use: Perceived Addiction, Psychological Distress, and the Validation of a Brief Measure. Joshua B. Grubbs, Fred Volk, Julie J. Exline, Kenneth I. Pargament Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy

[9] American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 797–798. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.

[10] Pornography addiction: A neuroscience perspective, Donald L. Hilton, Jr, Clark Watts, Surg Neurol Int. 2011; 2: 19. Published online 2011 February 21. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.76977, PMC 3050060

[11] Internet sex addiction treated with naltrexone. Bostwick JM, Bucci JA Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Feb; 83(2):226-30.

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