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Situational Quadruple Nexus (SQN): Towards a Nexus Approach to Peace and Security, Development, Human rights and Humanitarianism in Africa

Mostly, stakeholders in the fields of peace and security, human rights, development and humanitarian intervention use the concept of Situational Quadruple Nexus (SQN) or four pillar interlinkages. It is the analytical framework for explaining the interlocking relationships between the four pillars: development, peace and security, human rights and humanitarianism in Africa all situated within the foundationally important contexts of governance, institutions, resources and external dynamics as overarching issues issues[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Quadruple is the putting together of the four pillars, while nexus connotes interlinkages. Situational Foundation is the foundation for the implementation of the four critical pillars[1].

The concept of Situational Quadruple Nexus is growing in usage, following significant findings that followed the 2020 UN ECA studies on the operationalization of the four pillars in the west, central, north, east and southern Africa[10][4] The study on west and central African sub regions[11] builds on the analysis of quadruple nexus as used in the Presentation at the 2020 International Peace Day organized by the United Nations Information Centre in Nigeria and the UNESCO[12]

The Situational Quadruple Nexus approach strengthens collaboration, coherence and complementarity among the four pillars of development; peace and security; human rights as well as humanitarianism. This is to improve actions for national, sub-regional, regional and international delivery of assistance[3] It seeks to maximize the advantages of each pillar in order to reduce overall vulnerabilities and the number of unmet needs. When applied to the conflict prone context of Africa, the quadruple nexus helps in making easier the analysis and understanding of the root causes of conflicts with a view to proffering effective and lasting solutions[13] The progress of the four pillars is largely affected by the four situational foundation issues (governance, institutions, resources and external dynamics). They are very critical factors that could make or mar effort at progress on the individual pillars and the opportunity for success in driving the quadruple nexus approach.

The four-pillar interlinkages approach is a consolidation on the popular “triple nexus” concept.  In fact, we can simply say it is the triple nexus concept added with an extra fourth pillar. However, the application of the triple nexus is characterized by some conceptual inconsistencies. It is used with different focus[3] This explains why it is less useful an endeavor to focus on knowing which of the four pillars is the fourth or latest addition to the triple nexus.  Some triple nexus analysis focus on Human Rights-Development-Peace/security[14] others emphasize the Humanitarian-Development-Peace/Security. For example, the study commissioned by the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA) for the Expert Group Meeting on December 9 and 10, 2019, and other similar documents focused on peace, development and humanitarian nexus[15][16][17]

The dual resolutions passed by the General Assembly and the Security Council in April 2016, (Resolutions 70/262 and 2282) recognized the imperatives of coherence and complementarity between the UN’s peace and security efforts and its development, human rights, and humanitarian work[18] This is in furtherance of the New Ways of Working (NWoW) linking humanitarian, development and peace actors, following the recommendations from the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit[15]

See Diagram illustrating the Situational Quadruple Nexus below

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_illustrating_the_Situational_Quadruple_Nexus.jpg




  1. ^ a b Badejo, Babafemi (2022). Nigerians' Views on National Turmoil A Situational Quadruple Nexus Analysis (in Eng). Yintab Books. p. 33. ISBN 978-978-998-0413. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |title= at position 37 (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ Babafemi A. Badejo, “Introduction to the Nexus”, IDEP Online Course: “Designing and implementing policies that promote the nexus between peace, security and development to accelerate the implementation of the SDGs in Africa”, Dakar, August 2021
  3. ^ a b c The Interlinkages between the Development, Peace and Security, Human Rights and Humanitarian Pillars in the West and Central Africa Subregions. A study report presented to the UNECA, by Prof. Babafemi Badejo. P.8
  4. ^ a b Study on the Interlinkages between the Development, Peace and Security, Human Rights and Humanitarian Pillars in the Sahel and West and Central Africa Subregions Inception Report Babafemi A. Badejo, PhD November 11, 2020
  5. ^ "It's deceptive to say Nigeria is under democracy — UN consultant, Badejo". Vanguard News. 2022-03-02. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  6. ^ "Nobel Laureate tasks Nigerians on mutual, sustained dialogue for better nation". Voice of Nigeria. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  7. ^ "Nigeria needs genuine dialogues on good governance for economic prosperity, says ex-President of Tomor-Leste". Tribune Online. 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  8. ^ Reporter, Freedom (2022-03-02). "No democracy in Nigeria, says don". Freedom Online. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  9. ^ Oyeweso, Femi (2022-03-02). "Nigeria Needs Governance Dialogue For Progress, Says Ex - Timor Leste President, Ramos-Horta". Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  10. ^ "Virtual Expert Group Meeting on the Subregional Studies on the Interlinkages between the Development, Peace and Security, Human Rights and Humanitarian Pillars | United Nations Economic Commission for Africa". www.uneca.org. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
  11. ^ https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/uploaded-documents/Subregional-studies/ECA%20Four-Pillar%20Interlinkages%20first%20draft20201215.pdf
  12. ^ Babafemi, Badejo (21 September, 2020). "Peace & Security Operate Within a Quadruple Nexus. Presentation at the International peace day town hall & community gathering". Yintab Strategy Consults. Retrieved 20 September, 2021. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ OECD, DAC Recommendation on the Humanitarian-Development­Peace Nexus, OECD/LEGAL/5019
  14. ^ Paul J. Nelson, Ellen Dorsey (December 2003). "At the Nexus of Human Rights and Development: New Methods and Strategies of Global NGOs". World Development. Vol 31, Issue 12: 2013 – via Science Direct. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  15. ^ a b The New Way of Working (NWoW
  16. ^ Executive Summary of the study by Cyril Obi, Study on Strengthening and Mainstreaming the Peace, Development and Humanitarian Nexus into Policies and Strategies in Africa.
  17. ^ The report of Office of Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA) Expert Group Meeting (EGM) “The role of advocacy and research in breaking the silos: strengthening the nexus approach in Africa” 10-11 December 2019. New York, UN Secretariat.
  18. ^ UN ECA, Draft Report, virtual Inception Meeting on Subregional Studies on the Interlinkages between the Development, Peace and Security, Human Rights and Humanitarian Pillars. 27 October, 2020
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