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var

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Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch

External videos
video icon Original video

Krivoye Lake -> Lake Sungul [ru]

Native Tongue (Elgin novel) & Embassytown. https://www.bbc.com/russian/articles/cl7l50epwpeo "vocabatur zelu" *Albertuses [pl]

{given name|section=y} {{Section link}}: required section parameter(s) missing

https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/journal/issue/journal_35_1/College_Motto.pdf

{{Wikipedia fauna}}

Maksim Krongauz [Wikidata]

2,500 to 1,500 million years ago

https://culture.pl/en/article/a-foreigners-guide-to-polish-surnames

Information icon

  • One caught me roughly by the throat
    One caught me roughly by the throat

Géraldine Olivier https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGcfJHXofWo

Chehrnukha

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https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/chernukha

When he began writing for the theater in the mid-1980s, Kolyada got a reputation for "chernukha [ru]" (roughly "black stuff"), which critic John Freedman describes as an "almost untranslatable but expressive Russian noun [combining] shades of gloom, doom, bile, and jaundice colored with foul-mouthed-insolence."[1]: 50 

  1. ^ Freedman, John (Winter–Spring 2007). "The Poetry of Excess: Nikolai Kolyada in Yekaterinburg". TheatreForum (30): 48–57.

Pemboy

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  • возв. западнее хр. Оченырд в сев. части Полярного Урала: ненец, пэ, паз «камень, скала», -мбой — средне-увеличительный суффикс. Пембой букв, «довольно каменистый, скалистый». Топонимический словарь Коми АССР. — Сыктывкар: Коми книжное издательство. А. И. Туркин. 1986. https://komi_toponyms.academic.ru/401/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9
    • [3] Гора Пембой
  • ru:Пембой river

Fujimoto

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藤本 彰

Wieslaw Romanowski, a student of the Szczecin Polytechnic won the 18th international competition for speech making in Japanese organized annually in Tokyo for foreigners by the Japanese Foreign Ministry, Polish Perspectives Volume 21, Issues 1-6 - Page 75

[4] victor of 4 oratory competitions in Japansese

http://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Akira_Fujimoto

http://www.factualworld.com/article/Akira_Fujimoto

"An Interview with Akira Fujimoto," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 4-10, May-June 1989, doi:10.1109/MCG.1989.10018

"http://3obieg.pl/czy-polska-mogla-byc-technicznym-eldorado" Czy Polska mogła być technicznym Eldorado ?

Akira Fujimoto and Nancy Hays, "Mission Impossible: High Tech Made in Poland", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 12, No. 2, March 1992, pp. 8–11.

James Arvo, David Kirk, "A Survey of Ray Tracing Acceleration Techniques" In: Andrew Glassner (ed.) (1989) "An Introduction to Ray Tracing", ISBN 0122861604, p.223.

http://graphics.ucsd.edu/courses/cse168_s06/ucsd/heuristics.pdf

http://books.google.com/books?id=YPblYyLqBM4C&pg=PA260 glassner fujimoto

Ivan Vladimirov hndis

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filmmaker, basketballer, artist, also ru:Владимиров, Иван

Iliescu Ilyin Ilyinsky (surname) Ilyushin ru:Ильюшин

swarajyamag.com/culture/how-catholic-repackaging-of-an-indian-fable-destroyed-its-purpose

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A scholarly article by a reasonably notable author about the Tamil archetypal fool, fictional monk Guru Paramartha, an article I've just created. The webpage in question speaks of things past and has nothing to do with Swarajya (magazine)'s political bias. - Altenmann >talk 22:22, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

no Declined. The site isn't blacklisted due to political bias, but because it is an unreliable source that has been repeatedly spammed on Wikipedia. I am not seeing where you find that the author is "reasonably notable"; as far as I can tell he co-authored one marginally notable book. I am unable to read more than the first couple of paragraphs so I cannot judge how scholarly the article may be.
Perhaps if you started a discussion on WP:RSN about the reliability of this source (you don't need to link it, just paste the path as done above), then the community could assess its reliability. We can reconsider whitelisting it once that is done. ~Anachronist (talk) 16:44, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

gulag memoirs

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  • Shcherbakova Leena Käosaar (formerly Kurvet-Käosaar)

Boy New Year

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Boy New Year is a personification of the New Year in Russian traditions, similar to Baby New Year in American traditions.

History

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This personification can be found in Russian folk traditions. Below is a description of a New Year tradition recorded in Pskov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

On New Year's Eve in Pskov Governorate, the following scene was performed: before midnight, one of the men dressed up as an old man, the other - usually a boy - put on a red shirt and a white hat. "The old man" - the passing year, sat on a chair in the middle of the izba. At midnight, the New Year boy joyfully ran into the room, pushed his predecessor off the chair and sat down in his place. The Old Year was driven out of the hut with a besom amid shouts and ridicule. Everyone congratulated each other on the New Year and wished them health and goodness. The children were dancing and shouting: "The New Year has come, he chased away the Old Year and has shown itself! Go people, to meet the sun, to drive away the frost!“[1]


  1. ^ Анна Федоровна Некрылова, Уроки воспитания сквозь призму истории: традиционные формы воспитания у русских крестьян в XIX-начале XX в, p.23 (snapshots to show the text: [1], [2]

Lazar Borodulin

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Borodulin, Lazar (April 24, 1879–March 21, 1947)

https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3yGR14nkfIIJ:forum.language-learners.org/viewtopic.php%3Ft%3D12268%26start%3D330&hl=en&gl=us

RE: GUYOME'S LOG Quote Postby guyome » Wed Sep 28, 2022 10:27 am

Yiddish I finished reading Lazar Borodulin's Af yener zayt Sambatyen (1929). The first 50 pages or so are more adventure story than SF, while we follow Samuel Hofman on his way to the land of the Red Jews. Once he gets there, we get several chapters mostly dedicated to various explanations about how scientifically advanced the Red Jews are compared to "our" world. It gets a bit repetitive and it's not exactly my cup of tea but Borodulin was wise enough not to overdo it. In the last 40 pages, both the love story and Hofman's quest are wrapped up.

Overall, I was a bit disappointed that not much is said about socio-cultural aspects. Are the Red Jews really the lost ten tribes? What language do they speak? What religion (if any) do they practice? etc.

Some details that stood out, in no particular order: - there is no light switch in the land of the Red Jews, you just say "Let there be light/Let there be darkness" - Borodulin has inserted a vibrant anti-colonialist plea to explain why the Red Jews do not want to be discovered - there does not seem to be any gender inequality in their society - women can choose the sex of their children during pregnancy - by eating moderately, the Red Jews can easily get to 120 years old (a wink at 120 years being the traditional ideal lifespan in Jewish culture).

var

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"Daphne Richemond-Barak" ( דפנה ריצ'מונד-ברק)

(there were two books published in 1926 & 1927 on life as a prisoner in Solovki, the 1927 book was authored by Raymond Duguet in French: UN BAGNE, EN RUSSIE ROUGE, SOLOVKI.)

Raczkowski coat of arms

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(google trans from pl:Raczkowski (herb szlachecki))

Herb Raczkowski
Herb Raczkowski

Raczkowski – Polish noble coat of arms, a variation of the Nałęcz coat of arms.

Description

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In a red field, a silver scarf arranged in a circle, tied at the bottom, with hanging ends.

Crest: Two deer antlers.

Therefore, the coat of arms differs from Nałęcz by the absence of a maiden in the crest.

The mention of Łukasz Raczkowski dates back to 1591.

Raczkowski.

Wittyg, Wiktor (1908). "Unknown Polish Nobility and Their Coats of Arms". Kraków. p. 262.

  • Gajl, Tadeusz (2007). Herbarz polski od średniowiecza do XX wieku : ponad 4500 herbów szlacheckich 37 tysięcy nazwisk 55 tysięcy rodów. L&L. ISBN 978-83-60597-10-1.


  • The Raczkowski coat of arms with a list of surnames in the electronic version of "Herbarz Polskiego" by Tadeusz Gajl.

tesarz

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Tesarsch Tessarsch, Tessersch, Tezarsch, Tozarsch, Tezersch, Tezzersch, Tezsirsk, Terrys, Tezorsch, and Tiesersch Tetser, Teaser, Tapscher, Teuchler, Tzschocke, and Tzschische

Tessarsch, Tezsirsk, Tesch, Tescher, Teysser, Teyser, Teizer, Teyser, Teysser, Teisser, Teazersch, Teassesch, Teesersch, Tezzer, Tesar, Tetser, Teaser, Tapscher, Teuchler, Tzschocke, and Tzschische

Tesarschik isserschik, Teyserschik, and Tescerschik Teserschikk Tisaar Tisařský Tzsárszky Tiserchus Tesarz or Teser Tymchyshyn tysar

Tesarschik, Tysarzhyk, Tisaar, Tisařský, Tzsárszky, Tiserchus, Tesarz, and Teser.

Smeljanski

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Nonplanetary life

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There are several hypotheses of the possibility of life originating in the universe in places other than planets.

Life within the Sun

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In 1965 astronomer Ernst Julius Öpik wrote the article "Is the Sun Habitable?" in which he described that in 1774 Alexander Wilson of Glasgow, observing that sunspots are apparently lower than the rest of the surface of the Sun, hypothesized that the interior of the Sun is colder than its surface and possibly suitable for life.[1] Wilson suggested that the sunspots he observed were probably "immense excavations in the body of the Sun" (p. 16) considerably beneath the surface of the Sun and they provided a glimpse on the surface below that does not emit much light. Prefacing with many words of caution, he further hypothesizes that the Sun "is made up of two kinds of matter, very different in their qualities; that by far the greater part is solid and dark" (p. 20) and the dark globe is thinly covered in a luminous substance.[2] His hypothesis, acknowledged by William Hershel, did not contradict the knowledge of the time. In 20th century an amateur astronomer G. Buere of Osnabruck offered a prize of DM 25,000 to anyone who can disprove the statement that the Sun has life. When objecting to a claimant of the prize, G. Buere essentially repeated the Wilson-Herschel hypothesis: "The sunspots are not spots but holes. They are dark which means that the interior of the Sun is cooler than its exterior. If this is so, there must be vegetation and the solar core is habitable."[1]

Life within other stars

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In order to discuss abiological life inside stars, Luis Anchordoqui and Eugene Chudnovsky of the City University of New York suggested three postulates which must be satisfied by any reasonable definition of life:[3]

  • The ability to encode information
  • The ability of information carriers to self-replicate faster than they disintegrate
  • The presence of free energy needed to constantly create order out of the disorder (i.e., to combat entropy) via self-replication

The authors proceed to argue that inside Sun-like stars objects that satisfy the above conditions can exist, arguing that life composed of magnetic monopoles connected by cosmic strings (both objects are hypothetical) into "necklaces" could evolve inside stars. Stretching such "necklaces" under the intense gravity within stars could allow for mor complex forms eventually resembling RNA and DNA structures. This would be achieved by a stretching of cosmic strings due to the star's intense gravity, thus allowing it to take on more complex forms and potentially form structures similar to the found within carbon-based life. As such, it is theoretically possible that such beings could eventually become intelligent and construct a civilization using the power generated by the star's nuclear fusion. Because such use would use up part of the star's energy output, the luminosity would also fall. For this reason, it is thought that such life might exist inside stars observed to be cooling faster or dimmer than current cosmological models predict.

They also suggest that an indication on the existence of such "nuclear life" could be observed deviations from predictions of models of stellar evolution, such as anomalies in luminosity. Authors themselves characterize the attributions of such anomalies to "life" as "a very long shot".[3]

Life elsewhere

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The concept of life forms living on the surface of neutron stars was proposed by radio astronomer Frank Drake in 1973. Drake said that the atomic nuclei in neutron stars have large variety which might combine in supernuclei, analogous to the molecules that serve the base of life on Earth. Life of this type would be extremely fast, with several generations arising and dying within the span of a second.[4][5][6] With a tongue in cheek, Drake described musings of a (hypothetical) scientist on a neutron star:

"Our theoreticians have predicted things called atoms ... almost empty space ... we never thought they could exist but they seem to exist out there. Could there be life? Suppose those things bond together to make a big molecule? Well it wouldn't be alive. After all, the temperature is too low and everything happens so slowly that nothing ever changes." [5]

Artistic expression of the atmosphere of a brown dwarf

In chapter "Stellar Graveyards, Nucleosynthesis, and Why We Exist" of The Stars of Heaven (2001) Clifford A. Pickover discusses various forms of abiological lifes. He poses the question whether in the times of ultimate expansion of the Universe with extremely low density of matter some structures could exist that can support the life of the entities he calls the "Diffuse Ones". He also discussed the possibility of life without sunlight/starlight, e.g., on the surface of brown dwarfs. In the latter discussion he extrapolates from the existence of life with no sunlight in the depths of Earth's ocean that draw energy from hydrogen sulphide.[7] Life in the atmosphere brown dwarfs was also discussed by Yates et al. in 2017, and in 2019 Manasvi Lingam and Abraham Loeb extended the discussion of Yates et al.. Both articles extend the viability of Earth-like biological life beyond planets.[8][9] Their ideas were criticized by experts in brown dwarfs.[10]

In 2007 Russian expert in plasma physics Vadim Tsytovich [ru] together with German and Australian colleagues published a paper in which they speculated about plasma-based inorganic living matter, extrapolating from computer simulations of self-organization reported in plasma.[11][12]The simulated conditions can exist in nebulae. Tsytovich claims that the described structures can self-organize into microscopic helical structures that are autonomous, reproducing and evolving, thus satisfying the conditions expected from life.[13] In their opinion, lifelike behaviors could be exhibited by dust particles suspended in a plasma, under conditions that might exist in space.[14][15]

Weird Life: The Search for Life That Is Very, Very Different from Our Own, which covers all what I wrote and more: "Life from Comets, Life on Stars, and Life in the Very Far Future", "White Dwarfs and Black Holes", "Weird Life in Science Fiction". And more:[6], https://www.scienzaefilosofia.com/2024/01/06/are-the-characteristics-of-life-as-we-know-it-universal/]...

In fiction

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Some works of science fiction involve life on or in neutron stars,[16][17] whole sentient stars[18] and even sentient black holes.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Ernst Julius Öpik, "Is the Sun Habitable?", Irish Astronomical Journal, vol. 7(2/3), June 1965, pp. 87-90
  2. ^ Alexander Wilson: Observations on the Solar Spots, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Volume 64, Part 1). London: 1774 (pdf image)
  3. ^ a b A. Anchordoqui, Luis; M. Chudnovsky, Eugene (31 March 2020). "Can Self-Replicating Species Flourish in the Interior of a Star?". Letters in High Energy Physics. 2020: 166. Bibcode:2020LHEP....3..166A. doi:10.31526/lhep.2020.166., text also here)<.ref>
    • From the abstract: "We argue that an advanced form of life based upon short-lived species can exist inside main-sequence stars like our Sun."
  4. ^ Browne, Malcolm W. (1988-02-02). "A Theory Sees Life, Of Sorts, On Pulsars". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  5. ^ a b "Life on a Neutron Star. An interview with Frank Drake", Astronomy December 1973
  6. ^ George Basalla, "Life in an Expanding Universe" in: Civilized Life in the Universe: Scientists on Intelligent Extraterrestrials, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195171815.003.0008
  7. ^ Clifford A. Pickover, The Stars of Heaven, Chapter 8: "Stellar Graveyards, Nucleosynthesis, and Why We Exist"
  8. ^ J. S. Yates, P. I. Palmer, B. Biller, C. S. Cockell, "Atmospheric habitable zones in cool Y Brown Dwarf Atmospheres", Astrophysical Journal, 836, 2, 2017, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/184
  9. ^ Brown Dwarf Atmospheres as the Potentially Most Detectable and Abundant Sites for Life, The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, 143, 2019, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3f35 (direct link to text.)
  10. ^ Brown Dwarfs Could Reveal Secrets of Planet and Star Formation, Scientific American, August 1, 2021.
    • Quote: "More recently, scientists proposed that life could form in the cool upper regions of brown dwarfs' atmospheres—an idea that brown dwarf experts quickly squashed because the dynamics are such that any life-form would cycle into deeper layers of the atmosphere that are hot and inhospitable."
  11. ^ V N Tsytovich et el., From plasma crystals and helical structures towards inorganic living matter, New J. Phys. 9, 263, 2007, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/9/8/263
  12. ^ В плазме обнаружен феномен псевдожизни
  13. ^ Helices swirl in space-dust simulations
  14. ^ "Physicists Discover Inorganic Dust With Lifelike Qualities". ScienceDaily (Press release). Institute of Physics. 15 August 2007.
  15. ^ Tsytovich, V N; G E Morfill, V E Fortov, N G Gusein-Zade, B A Klumov and S V Vladimirov; Fortov, V E; Gusein-Zade, N G; Klumov, B A; Vladimirov, S V (14 August 2007). "From plasma crystals and helical structures towards inorganic living matter". New J. Phys. 9 (263): 263. Bibcode:2007NJPh....9..263T. doi:10.1088/1367-2630/9/8/263.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Westfahl, Gary (2021). "Stars". Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 602–604. ISBN 978-1-4408-6617-3.
  17. ^ McKinney, Richard L. (2005). "Stars". In Westfahl, Gary (ed.). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 751–753. ISBN 978-0-313-32952-4.
  18. ^ Stableford, Brian; Langford, David (2022). "Living Worlds". In Clute, John; Langford, David; Sleight, Graham (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (4th ed.). Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  19. ^ Mann, George (2001). "Black Hole". The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. pp. 468–469. ISBN 978-0-7867-0887-1.


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