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Riddle no. Hebrew text[1] attempted transliteration[2] attempted translation Spanish translation[3]
7 וּמִי הַבֵּן[4] אֲשָׁר יִבְעַל בְּאִמּוׂ

וְהוּא אַרַס[5] וְלׂא יֵבוׂשׁ כְּזוׂנָה

וְיִרְצֶה מַעֲשַׂהוּ צוּר וְלָ[ד]וׂ

וְלֹא יִכָּרְתוּ לוׂ עַר וְעוׂנָה[6]

u-mí ha-ben 'ashér yiv'ál b-im-ó

ve-hu arás[?] yevosh k-zoná

ve-yirtse ma‘aséh[?]-o tsúr ve[?]-lad-ó

ve-lo yikart-ó lo ar[?] ve-oná

So who is the son who has sex with his mother

and he has got engaged and he does not feel ashamed like a harlot?

... stone begets him

and does not cut it off, his awakening and cohabitation

¿Quién es el hijo que se casa con su madre,

la desposa

y no se avergüenza como libertino?

Su Hacedor, la Roca, que lo formá,

lo tolera,

y no lo exterminará ni el maestro ni el discípulo.

Suggested solutions

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Rodríguez 1988

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Cockerel.[3]

In a footnote at the end of the stanza, Rodríguez says 'Véase Mal 2, 12' (p. 227 fn 234), but offers no further explanation of why this comparison is useful or how it fits with his interpretation 'cockerel'. He seems to be referring to Malachi 2, 12, which says:

11 Judah has dealt treacherously, and an abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah has profaned the holy one of the Lord [in] that he loved and married the daughter of a foreign god.

בָּֽגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתֽוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶֽעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּ֣י | חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֚דֶשׁ יְהֹוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵ֔ב וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר

12 From the man who commits it, the Lord shall cut off one of acuity or erudition from the tents of Jacob and one who offers up an offering to the Lord of Hosts.

יַכְרֵ֨ת יְהֹוָ֜ה לָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֚ר יַֽעֲשֶׂ֙נָּה֙ עֵ֣ר וְעֹנֶ֔ה מֵאָֽהֳלֵ֖י יַֽעֲקֹ֑ב וּמַגִּ֣ישׁ מִנְחָ֔ה לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת

(https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16220/jewish/Chapter-2.htm)

But Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. Jastrow, Marcus. 1903. says: עור I     עוּרI (b. h.) (to be stirred up, v. עָרַר, to wake (act. a. neut.). ... SnH [i.e. Sanhedrin] 82a (ref. to Mal. II, 12) 'שלא יהיה לו ער … ועונהוכ׳ ' 'he shall have none awakening (teaching) among the teachers and none responding among the scholars'

https://jewish_literature_heb_en.en-academic.com/125254/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8_I

Sanhedrin 82a is edited and translated at https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.82a.3?lang=bi&with=Lexicon&lang2=en.

Ben-Shabbat 1955

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Farmer ploughing the earth:[7]: 390–91 

שתי חידות לר׳ שלמה אבן־גבירול

המבארים אומרים בחלק הביאורים, עמ' 41: "חידה זו אף היא נפלאת ממנו, ואולי הכוונה למאמר חז"ל: "הבא על אמו בחלום יצפה לבינה, שנא': כי אם לבינה תקראי (ב"ר פרשה נז). וירצה מעשהו - על דרך הכתוב קהלת ט, ז. ער ועונה- כן הגענו על דרך הכתוב מל' ב, יב; ובהעתק הרב מגיד: עד יענה". מר י. טופורובסקי ב"הארץ" מיום 13.2.48 פתר לנכון: "האיכר החורש והזורע את האדמה (אמו), אשר אלהים ילדו ממנה ורוצה את מעשהו".

מר טופורובסקי קלע אל המטרה ; הוכחה לכך: מוצא הבן (כלומר: האותיות שלפניהן) הוא אדם ; ועוד: צור ילדו: ילדו בגימטריה אדמה (55) .

I haven't attempted to follow up the sources mentioned here (yet).

Aluny 1945

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Wisdom.[8]

Bialik and Rawnitzki 1927–32

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I haven't read this source directly. According to Aluny, Bialik and Rawnitzki's solution to the riddle is the sentence "הבא על אמו בחלום יצפה לבינה שיגמר כי אם לבינה תקרא" (citing Ibn Gabirol, Shelomo ben Yehudah, שירי שלמה בן יהודה אבן גבירול :מקובצים על פי ספרים וכתבי־יד, Shire Shelomoh ben Yehudah ibn Gabirol: meḳubatsim ʼal-pi sefarim ṿ e-kitve-yad [poems of Shelomoh ben Yehudah ibn Gabirol: compiled from books and manuscripts], ed. Hayyim Nahman Bialik and Yehoshua Ḥana Rawnitzki, 7 vols (Tel ʼAviv, 1927-1932).]). Aluny says this is 'Ber. 57,1", which surely refers to: Berakhot 57a "הַבָּא עַל אִמּוֹ בַּחֲלוֹם — יְצַפֶּה לְבִינָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי אִם לַבִּינָה תִקְרָא״." = "One who sees that he had relations with his mother [em] in a dream, he should anticipate attaining understanding, as it is stated: “Yea if [im] you call for understanding” (Proverbs 2:3), and in this homiletic interpretation im is considered to be the equivalent of em" [https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.57a.2?lang=bi]

Cf. Proverbs 2:1-5 (https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.57a.4?lang=bi&p2=Proverbs.2.1&lang2=bi):

2

בְּ֭נִי אִם־תִּקַּ֣ח אֲמָרָ֑י וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽךְ׃ My son, if you accept my words

And treasure up my commandments;

לְהַקְשִׁ֣יב לַחׇכְמָ֣ה אׇזְנֶ֑ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה׃ If you make your ear attentive to wisdom

And your mind open to discernment;

כִּ֤י אִ֣ם לַבִּינָ֣ה תִקְרָ֑א לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽךָ׃ If you call to understanding

And cry aloud to discernment,

אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה׃ If you seek it as you do silver

And search for it as for treasures,

אָ֗ז תָּ֭בִין יִרְאַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא׃ Then you will understand the fear of the LORD

And attain knowledge of God.

  1. ^ Nehemya Aluny, 'Ten Dunash Ben Labrat's Riddles', The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, 36 (1945), 141-46. Note that the vocalisation in this edition is rather indistinct, so some transcription errors in the vocalisation are likely, particularly with regard to confusion of qamets and segol.
  2. ^ using wiktionary transliteration guide
  3. ^ a b Dunash ben Labrat, El diván poético de Dunash ben Labraṭ: la introducción de la métrica árabe, trans. by Carlos del Valle Rodríguez (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Filologia, 1988), pp. 225-28 ISBN 84-00-06831-9.
  4. ^ Aluny's edition seems to read הַבַּן, but this can be interpreted as a smudging of the Tzere so that it looks like Patach; the correct reading is given at https://benyehuda.org/read/30075.
  5. ^ Not in Wiktionary but is in The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
  6. ^ Klein Dictionary, עוֹנָה ᴵ Carta Jerusalem; 1st edition, 1987 עוֹנָה ᴵ f.n. 1 marital duty, cohabitation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 21:10). PBH 2 time, period. PBH 3 season. [Related to Aram. עוֹנֽתָא (= appointed time, time of cohabitation). The primitive meaning may have been ‘seasonable occupation’, so that עוֹנָה and עוֹנֽתָא would derive from ענה ᴵᴵ. According to most scholars these words are related to עֵת (= time). According to some of them they lit. mean ‘specific time’, and are related to Arab. ’anā(y) (= it came; esp. said of time).] Derivative: עוֹנָתִי. עוֹנָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH trouble, suffering. [Prob. derived from ענה ᴵⱽ.]
  7. ^ בן-שבת, שמואל (1955). "פתרונים לחידות סתומות לר' יהודה הלוי ור' שלמה אבן-גבירול" [The Solution of Hitherto Unsolved Riddles of Yehuda Hallevi and Shelomo ibn Gabirol]. תרביץ. 25: 385–392. JSTOR 23588346.
  8. ^ Nehemya Aluny, 'Ten Dunash Ben Labrat's Riddles', The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, 36 (1945), 141-46.