User:AHall08/sandbox

My goal with the Black genocide article is to fill in the missing sections with information from credible sources. I will refer to the “Genocide” article for help in determining how deeply I should explore each subject of the “Black genocide” article. I plan to elaborate on each of the already present sections, which are as follows: slavery as genocide, Jim Crow as genocide, systemic racism as genocide, and conspiracy theories. If, upon completion of those edits, I feel there isn’t enough information regarding the issue of housing in the Black community, I will add a section on that. Below I've included my breakdown of what I plan to do with each section of the aforementioned article.

1. Slavery as genocide
   1. The only information included in this section is a link to another article. I’ll basically start from scratch here inputting information from my own sources. I might also cite information from the linked article if I find it relevant or necessary.
      1. Johnson, Walter. The Broken Heart of America: St. Louis and the Violent History of the United States. New York: Basic Books, 2020.
      2. Williams, Chad, Kidada E. Williams, and Keisha N. Blain. (Eds.) Charleston Syllabus: Readings on Race, Racism, and Racial Violence. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2016.
2. Jim Crow as genocide
   1. Petition to the United Nations
      1. There isn’t much outside information I’d like to add to this section seeing as it is so specific, but there are certain errors or inconsistencies in sentence structures that need to be adjusted. If I decide to contribute anything, it will be background on the oppressive systems in place at the time the petition was writte
         1. Williams, Chad, Kidada E. Williams, and Keisha N. Blain. (Eds.) Charleston Syllabus: Readings on Race, Racism, and Racial Violence. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2016.
         2. Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York; London: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2017.
   2. Lynching and other racial killings
      1. There isn’t much information here, either, so I’ll expand on the concept of lynching and its ubiquitousness in 19th and 20th centuries U.S.
         1. Rushdy, Ashraf. American Lynching. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012.
         2. Williams, Chad, Kidada E. Williams, and Keisha N. Blain. (Eds.) Charleston Syllabus: Readings on Race, Racism, and Racial Violence. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2016.
   3. Sterlization
      1. This section focused primarily on data and facts. I’ll be delving deeper into the effects on the Black community coupled with the consequences of an already diminishing “free” population due to the incarceration system.
         1. Williams, Chad, Kidada E. Williams, and Keisha N. Blain. (Eds.) Charleston Syllabus: Readings on Race, Racism, and Racial Violence. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 2016.
         2. Muhammad, Khalil Gibran. The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.
3. Systemic racism as genocide
   1. Vietnam War
      1. This section isn’t super relevant. I’m going to replace it with something more fitting to the topic.
   2. Incarceration and Black Family Structure
      1. I’m going to refocus this section from the Vietnam War to the intersectionality of race, poverty, and crime, and how these aspects of life can create a vicious cycle for the Black family structure.
         1. Watkins, Dwight. The Beast Side. New York: Hot Books, 2015.
         2. Hinton, Elizabeth. From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.
   3. Prison
      1. I don’t think this section is very relevant to the topic as it is currently written, so I also want to rewrite this section to focus on the prison industrial complex and how that affects the growth and prosperity of the Black population.
         1. Hinton, Elizabeth. From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.
         2. Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press, 2020.
4. Conspiracy theories
   1. Birth control
      1. This section already has a lot of information, so I mainly just want to make minor edits to improve clarity for the reader. If I do add information, it will be similar to my edits to the Vietnam War section, in that they will focus on the intersectionality of birth control and the decimation of the Black household as a result of the prison system.
         1. Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press, 2020.
         2. Forman, James. Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2017.
   2. Abortion
      1. This section focuses heavily on abortion as a weapon used against the Black community. To reduce this bias and provide information on abortion as a tool of empowerment for the Black community — specifically, Black women, — I will discuss the benefits of abortion.
         1. Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2016.
         2. Cohen, Susan. “Abortion and Women of Color: the Bigger Picture.” Guttmacher Institute, 2008.
5. Analysis
   1. I’ll use a culmination of my sources to rewrite this section on the conclusion of whether or not Black genocide is a legitimate issue. I will mainly focus on the modern implications of this issue, but also summarize the previous sections of the article.
      1. Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2016.
      2. Watkins, Dwight. The Beast Side. New York: Hot Books, 2015.

First Contribution (Slavery as Genocide)

Throughout the existence of the enslavement of Africans in the United States of America, instances demonstrative of genocide have arguably occurred countless times. Professor Walter Johnson, Winthrop Professor of History and professor of African and African American Studies at Harvard University, depicts in his book, The Broken Heart of America, numerous accounts of violence displayed against Black Americans. He argues that much of the pattern of violence observed throughout slavery can be traced to modern times. One instance depicts how enslaved men would be separated from their wives. Such practices would inevitably serve as a method of population control by altering natural reproduction patterns. On another occasion, after not being able to find his keys, one slave owner brutally murdered his slave, and was later acquitted by a jury after a one day trial. Johnson noted that this particular chain of events was quite reminiscent of the story of Michael Brown, a Black teenager killed in Ferguson, Missouri. For a Black American living in the era of U.S. slavery, no rights were guaranteed, whether they were personally enslaved or not. Walt Whitman, a U.S. poet, stated that it was the law of history for the Black race to be eliminated.

Second Contribution (Lynching and other Racial Killings)

Arguably the first lynching to occur in the United States was that of Francis McIntosh, a free man of Black and white ancestry. Walter Johnson argued that this lynching ignited a series of them, all with the goal of "ethnic cleansing."