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- Marine fungi
- Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference?
- Yes
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- No distractions
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- No Biases
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- Mostly research literature
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- Mostly facts
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- all links work. No.
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- No
Taxonomy
There are three families of cyanophages: Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae, which all contain double stranded DNA that infect bacteria and archaea[1]. Cyanophages have been designated by the host but, according to Safferman[2], cyanophages have a broad range of hosts, which cause difficulties with the taxonomy of cyanobacteria; and in turn, do not reflect relations within the viruses. Other classification through serological or morphological properties[3] and morphological and physiological-biochemical properties[4] are currently used to classify cyanophages. The suggested procedure of naming strains that include taxonomic association it Cyanophage Xx-YYZaa, where Xx is the first two letters of the genus and species names of host where the type specimen is found, YY is the origin of the specimen, Z is the virus family, and aa is the reference number of the virus.
Morphology
The type species for Cyanomyovirus, which belong to Myoviridae, is Cyanophage AS-1, which was isolated from waste stabilization ponds[5]. The tails have been observed as either contractile or noncontractile with a length of 20-244nm and 15-23nm in width[6][7]. They generally have isometric hexagonal heads with a diameter ranging from 55-90nm[6][7]. There is large morphological variation in this group, which suggests a variety of host species[8]. At the point of attachment between the long tail and the head there is a base plate where short pins are attached, contractile sheath, and an internal core[5].
Cyanopodovirus, within the Podoviridae, are present in both fresh and marine water[9]. The type specimen of cyanopodovirus is Cyanophage LPP-1, which infects Lyngbya, Plectonema and Phormidium [10]. Their viral head capsids are polyhedron shaped appear hexagonal[6]. The tails are hollow with six fold radial symmetry made of rings of six subunits with unknown orientation [6]. Similar to cyanomyovirus, they can be found in waste stabilization ponds, have isometric capsids of similar size but have shorter tails[7].
Cyanostylovirus belong to the family Siphoviridae, where the type species is Cyanophage S-1, which is known to infect Synechococcus[7]. With a smaller head than the previous genuses, of 50nm in diameter but long tail of 140 nm [11]. Other genus in this family have tails that ranges from 200 to 300nm[8].
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- ^ Virus Taxonomy - Classification and Nomenclature of | Frederik A. Murphy | Springer.
- ^ Safferman, R.S.; Cannon, R.E.; Desjardins, P.R.; Gromov, B.V.; Haselkorn, R.; Sherman, L.A.; Shilo, M. "Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses of Cyanobacteria". Intervirology. 19 (2): 61–66. doi:10.1159/000149339.
- ^ Gibbs, Adrian J.; Calisher, Charles H.; García-Arenal, Fernando (17 November 2005). Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-521-02289-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link) - ^ R.Y., Stanier,; R., Kunisawa,; M., Mandel,; G., Cohen-Bazire, (1971-01-01). "Purification and properties of unicellular blue-green algae (order Chroococcales)". Bacteriological reviews. ISSN 0005-3678.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Safferman, R.S.; Diener, T.O.; Desjardins, P.R.; Morris, M.E. "Isolation and characterization of AS-1, a phycovirus infecting the blue-green algae, Anacystis nidulans and Synechococcus cedrorum". Virology. 47 (1): 105–113. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(72)90243-7.
- ^ a b c d Padan, E; Shilo, M (1973-09-01). "Cyanophages-viruses attacking blue-green algae". Bacteriological Reviews. 37 (3): 343–370. ISSN 0005-3678. PMC 413822. PMID 4202147.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ a b c d Suttle, Curtis A. (2000-01-01). Whitton, Brian A.; Potts, Malcolm (eds.). The Ecology of Cyanobacteria. Springer Netherlands. pp. 563–589. doi:10.1007/0-306-46855-7_20. ISBN 9780792347354.
- ^ a b Gromov, B.V. "Cyanophages". Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Microbiologie. 134 (1): 43–59. doi:10.1016/s0769-2609(83)80096-9.
- ^ Hu, Nien-Tai; Thiel, Teresa; Giddings, Thomas H.; Wolk, C.Peter. "New Anabaena and Nostoc cyanophages from sewage settling ponds". Virology. 114 (1): 236–246. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(81)90269-5.
- ^ Schneider, I. R.; Diener, T. O.; Safferman, Robert S. (1964-05-29). "Blue-Green Algal Virus LPP-1: Purification and Partial Characterization". Science. 144 (3622): 1127–1130. doi:10.1126/science.144.3622.1127. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 14148431.
- ^ Adolph, Kenneth W.; Haselkorn, Robert. "Isolation and characterization of a virus infecting a blue-green alga of the genus Synechococcus". Virology. 54 (1): 230–236. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(73)90132-3.