User:7mdq/Witchcraft in the Middle East/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

As you gather the sources for your Wikipedia contribution, think about the following:

Is the source from a reliable publication?
- Reliable publications include established newspapers, academic journals and books, textbooks, and other published sources with reputations for accuracy and fact-checking.
- Unreliable sources include blog posts and other self-published works, press releases, and social media posts.
Is the source verifiable?
- In order for a source to be considered verifiable, other editors should be able to consult the source.
Is the source independent of the subject?
- Is the source connected in any way to the subject? This is especially important when writing biographies or about organizations.
- For example, if you were writing a biography, sources like the person's webpage or personal blog would not be considered independent.
Is the source primary or secondary?
- Primary sources include first-hand accounts, autobiographies, and other original content.
- Wikipedia allows limited use of primary sources, but typically only for straightforward, descriptive statements of facts, and only if they are published and verifiable without requiring specialized knowledge.
- Secondary sources should be the main basis for a biography on Wikipedia.
If you're working on a topic related to medicine or psychology, ensure that your sources follow these special guidelines.
If you're creating a new article, consider the following:
- Ensure that your topic meets Wikipedia's notability guidelines.
- In order for a topic to meet the notability requirement, you must be able to identify 2-3 sources that are reliable, verifiable, and independent of the subject you're writing about.
- Finding sufficient sources to establish notability can be especially hard when writing about people or organizations.
- Sources that are not independent of the subject might be useful additions, but don't count towards the notability requirement.
- Wikipedia has developed special guidelines for writing about living persons. Please follow these carefully.
- Wikipedia has a series of guidelines for writing about different categories of people, such as academics and artists. If you're trying to create a new entry about a living person, please look at these carefully.

If you're not sure whether a source is reliable, ask a librarian! If you have questions about Wikipedia's sourcing rules, you can use the Get Help button below to contact your Wikipedia Expert.

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Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Examples:

Luke, Learie. 2007. Identity and secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889–1980 Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press.
- This is a book published by a university press, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (2013-11-08). "Sabinaria , a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border". Phytotaxa.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source. It covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability.
Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- This is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, so it should be a reliable source for a specific fact. Since it only dedicates a few sentences to the topic, it can't be used to establish notability.

Hart, D. M. (1987). Magic, Witchcraft and Sorcery in Morocco: The Sociology of Evans-Pritchard and the Ethnography of Mustapha Akhmisse, M.D. [Review of Witchcraft, Magic and Oracles among the Azande; Medecine, Magie et Sorcellerie au Maroc, by E. Evans-Pritchard & M. Akhmisse]. Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), 14(2), 183–193. http://www.jstor.org/stable/194384
- This journal is published by the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies so it should be a very reliable source. It covers the overall definition of what witchcraft is in Morocco and describes the various types of witchcraft which are practiced. It also compares and contrasts it to religious practices.
Mushegh Asatrian. (2003). Ibn Khaldūn on Magic and the Occult. Iran & the Caucasus, 7(1/2), 73–123. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4030971
- This journal article is a historical text written by Ibn Khaldun a medieval Islamic scholar. It is difficult to establish the reliability of the source, however, in his era, Ibn Khaldun was considered a pioneering scholar so it can be assumed that his accounts are relatively reliable. This source will allow me to establish the history of Moroccan witchcraft as described by Ibn Khaldun and describe its evolution.
HAYES, S. (2022). Hexes and Exes: Post-Breakup Curses in Fez, Morocco. In L. L. WYNN & A. M. FOSTER (Eds.), Sex in the Middle East and North Africa (pp. 95–110). Vanderbilt University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2vh9nj3.9
- This journal article is an investigation into instances of hexes and curses in the city of Fez, Morocco. This is a peer reviewed article so it can be considered reliable. The journal will provide me with valuable evidence of real life examples of witchcraft being practiced and the societal factors influencing the curses.
Munson, H. (1986). [Review of Patience and Power: Women’s Lives in a Moroccan Village, by S. S. Davis]. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 18(1), 74–75. http://www.jstor.org/stable/162862
- This journal article is a peer reviewed article in the International Journal of Middle East Studies so it can be considered reliable. The article explores the roles of Women in Moroccan villages, it describes the relationship of women specifically to magic in empowering women as well as making them targets of society.
Ritual and belief in morocco. volume 1. (1927). Journal of the American Medical Association, 88(7), 507–508. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1927.02680330059043
- This article is a peer reviewed article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. It focuses on the relationship between medicine and primitive magic and demonology which is often used as a substitute for medicine and other forms of treatment, this article serves as another perspective on the uses of witchcraft in Morocco.
Hibbard, A. (2004). Paul bowles, magic & morocco (1st ed.). Cadmus Editions.
- This book is a focused exploration of Magic and Morocco it will most likely be my primary source of information as it represents a wealth of primary information through first hand accounts of modern and primitive magic as well as its practices and types.

References

Outline of proposed changes

Click on the edit button to draft your outline.

Now that you have compiled a bibliography, it's time to plan out how you'll improve your assigned article.

In this section, write up a concise outline of how the sources you've identified will add relevant information to your chosen article. Be sure to discuss what content gap your additions tackle and how these additions will improve the article's quality.

Consider other changes you'll make to the article, including possible deletions of irrelevant, outdated, or incorrect information, restructuring of the article to improve its readability or any other change you plan on making. This is your chance to really think about how your proposed additions will improve your chosen article and to vet your sources even further.

Note: This is not a draft. This is an outline/plan where you can think about how the sources you've identified will fill in a content gap.

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Since I will be adding a new paragraph to my section I will not be editing and rather simply creating my own paragraph.

To improve the article I will first introduce a brief section of the history of witchcraft in Morocco (Ibn Khaldun, Magic & Morocco, Ritual and Belief in Morocco)

Following that I will introduce the current modern practices of witchcraft in Morocco, delving into specific types of practices as described in the sources (Paul Bowles, Patience and Power, Hexes and Exes).

I will then provide examples of these practices using instances of these practices being used in the sources (Hexes and Exes, Patience and Power).