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USATF Masters Outdoor Championships

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USATF Masters Outdoor Championships
SportMasters track and field
Founded1968; 56 years ago (1968)
CountryUnited States
Related
competitions		USATF Masters Indoor Championships
Official websiteusatfmasters.org
Men 70-74 100 meter dash at 2021 Championships in Ames, Iowa

The USATF Masters Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition which serves as the national championship for the United States for athletes in masters age groups. Organized by USA Track & Field, the national governing body for the sport, the competition was first held in 1968.[1] Athletes compete in 5-year age groups, beginning from 25 and up to 105 (where sufficient entries are made). Traditionally limited to athletes over 35, a "pre-masters" group was introduced in 2020 to encourage post-collegiate athletes over 25 to continue competing.[2]

The 1968 meet was the first ever national championship for masters track and field. David Pain organized a masters mile run competition in 1966 at Balboa Stadium in San Diego, which grew into a wider track and field championship two years later.[3]

History

[edit]

Through the efforts of David Pain, masters track and field and its first Outdoor Track and Field Championship began in 1968.[4] The first competition was held July 19–21, 1968 in San Diego. The 1968 meet included competitions for men age 40 and older. The meet has continued annually since, with the exception of 2020 which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[5] The 1968 meet, and for several years after, included programs providing time schedules, and athletes names and ages.[6] 1968 represented the first time a major masters track and field competition was held. The meet was sponsored by the San Diego Recreation Department, San Diego Track and Field Association, and the Los Angeles Seniors Track Club.[7]

The 1971 meet (and future meets) added women as part of the competition.[8] The 2019 meet included a complete set of individual running (sprints, middle distance, and long distance), hurdles, steeplechase, race walk, jumps (high jump, pole vault, long jump, triple jump) and throwing events (shot put, discus, hammer, and javelin), as well as team relays.[9]

The USA National Masters Outdoor Track and Field Championship has included many prominent feats within the sport of masters track and field. At the 1968 meet, James Gorrell ran one of the fastest miles ever run by an athlete over age 40.[10] The 1969 meet included 535 participants.[11] At the 1970 meet, Richard Stolpe broke the 220 yard masters record in 23.3, Jack Razzetto the high jump record, and Sandy Patterson the hammer throw record.[12] More recently, distance runner Nolan Shaheed and sprinter Irene Obera have been multi-time masters national champions.

In August 1988 a major milestone was achieved when Philipa Raschker was the first female to pole vault at a major USA track and field championship for any age category. She vaulted 2.45 (8'-0 1/2") at age 40.[13][14]

The 1988 meet added a special event the “Legends Miles” (M40) that included Ron Bell (Britain), Byron Dyce (Jamaican Olympian), Harry Nolan, John Dixon (New Zealand), Ken Sparks, Al Swenson, Web Loudat, Steve Ferraz, and Ron Jensen. Bell setting a new M40 World Record while winning in 4:12.58.[15][16]

Frank Struna has had much success at the competition, winning eight national championships (six triple jump and two long jump), and setting a then current M55 indoor triple jump record.[17]

The 2009 meet included several masters records by Leland McPhie (M95), Karen Steen (W45), Sabre Harvey (W60), Becky Sisley (W70) and Florence Meiler (W70).[18]

At the July 2010 meet Ralph Maxwell was the first American age 90 plus to complete the sprint hurdle race. Ralph was rewarded with a gold medal and a masters M90 world record in a time of 21.47.[19][20]

The 2014 meet included three separate M90 plus masters relay records. Each record included a foursome all age 90 and older. Champion Goldy Sr (97), Orville Rogers (96), Roy Englert (92), Charles Ross (91), and Charles Boyle (91) shared the workload, medals, and records.[21]

USATF offered funds to top ranked American masters athletes to support travel to the competition in 2019.[22]

A full history of past results of the competition is held by Mastershistory.org,[23] while a full list of organizer bids for the event is held at the USATF website.[24]

Participants

[edit]

Olympians

[edit]

Numerous Olympians have competed at the USA Masters Outdoor Championships. In 1968 Bruce MacDonald won two gold medals.[25] Johnny Kelley, winner at the Boston Marathon, was also the winner of the M50+ division Marathon race,[26] Bud Held won the javelin in 218’-2”,[27] and Fortune Gordien won in his discus throw category.[28] Gordien and George Rhoden (a Jamaican Olympian) won gold at the 1969 meet.[29] Bud Held broke the masters world record in the javelin with 229’-3” throw at the 1970 meet.[30] The July 1970 meet also included Arthur Barnard, Boo Morcom, Bob Richards, and Steve Seymour as competitors.[31]

Payton Jordan (1964 and 1968 Olympic Coach) won 100 and 200 meters at the 1989 meet.[32]

Jim Burnett competed at the 1980 Masters Outdoor Championship was an alternate leg on the 1968 Olympics relay team.[33]

The 1994 Outdoor meet included Tom Gage, Phil Mulkey, Deby LaPlante Sweezey, and Fred Sowerby (an Antigua and Barbuda Olympian).[34]

1996, Kate Schmidt (age 42) won the javelin at the Masters National Outdoor Track and Field Championship, Spokane, WA.[35]

Jo Ann Terry Grissom won the shot put at the 2003 meet.[36]

The 2009 Meet included Ed Burke, Dick Cochran, Trish Porter, and Karl Smith (Jamaica Olympian).[37][38]

Ed Burke, Kip Janvrin, Sunder Nix, Jason Rouser and Chris Williams (Jamaican Olympian) competed at the 2013 meet.[39][40]

Chaunté Lowe won the high jump at the July 2015 USA Masters Outdoor Track and Field Championship.[41]

Walter Dix won the 100 meter dash at the 2017 meet in 10.28.[42] Michelle Rohl and Jim Barrineau competed at the 2019 Ames, Iowa meet.[43]

2024 included Michelle Rohl, Allen James and Ed Burke (hammer thrower)[44]

Others

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"The Freeze" of the Atlanta Braves (Durann Dunn) competed at the 2022 Meet.[45]

Competitors Charles Allie and Rita Hanscom received the male and female masters international athlete of the year awards from the IAAF in 2013 and 2009, respectively.[46][47]

Several former National Football League (NFL) football players have competed at this meet. NFL pro bowler Billy "White Shoes" Johnson and star sprinter, ran at the 2004 meet.[48] Others include Todd Christensen (2006), Henry Ellard (2014–2016),[49] Willie Gault (2003), Fred Jackson (2019),[50] and James Lofton (2001).[51]

Several notable individuals from politics have been involved with the Masters National Outdoor Track and Field Championship.

Senator and ex-Stanford trackman Alan Cranston competed in the 100 yard dash at the 1969 meet.[52][53] Massachusetts RRCA State Representative Stephen Viegas competed at the 2012 meet.[54][55] In September 1970, Ken Carnine, winner of the 1970 discus throw and javelin throw events, was given the honor to present former President Richard Nixon a special medal for the President's support of Masters Track and Field competition.[56]

Chancellor of the University of California, Irvine, Daniel Aldrich, competed in several National Championships, with him remarking in the Los Angeles Times "My whole attitude about life and my general personal and physical characteristics are affected by my sports activities...but I’m certainly the best discus-throwing administrator in the country".[57] A predecessor in his former position as Chancellor of University of California, Santa Barbara, Vernon Cheadle held several age records in the shot put.[58]

Judge John Dobroth won the high jump at the 2010 meet.[59][60]

Centenarians that have competed at this meet include Orville Rogers (age 100 in 2018) and Julia "Hurricane" Hawkins (age 101 in 2017).[61][62]

Masters world champion and world record holder, Nolan Shaheed is a world class trumpet player. Shaheed has played with Count Basie, Stevie Wonder, and Aretha Franklin. For Shaheed the running and music has benefited each other.[63]

American political historian Allan Lichtman won the 1979 3000 metres steeplechase championship in the age 30-35 category, running 11:06.1 as the only listed competitor in his age group. He also finished 6th in the 1500 m that year, running 4:17.48.[64] In 2024, he produced a video with the New York Times re-enacting him running at a masters athletics meet while explaining his U.S. presidential prediction methodology.[65]

Media coverage

[edit]

The Championships are webcast on usatf.tv, with several cameras around the venue and an announcer providing athlete introductions and live commentary.

The competition has often received national coverage focused on the oldest participants. 2018 medal winner, Orville Rogers (age 100) and his family were interviewed by The Washington Post, Fox News, ESPN, and CBS during the 2018 season.[66] The Washington Post also reported on the 2017 event, where at age 101 Julia “Hurricane” Hawkins became the oldest female to compete at the Masters National Outdoor Championship, setting a masters W100 meet record.[67]

Organizers of open class events have responded positively to the event, such as in 2009 Bob Weiner (USATF Masters Media Chair) stating "the event ran smoothly [and] was a spectacularly executed meet".[68]

The Honolulu Advertiser provided coverage of Harold Chapson's performance, who having had polio at age 5 became the 1976 Masters National Champion.[69][70]

Ames Tribune included an action picture of hurdlers Rita Hanscom, Kay Glynn (local resident), and Jo Phelps at the 2019 Championship.[71]

Runner Space reported that the 2021 Championship included 27 Masters American Records and five Masters World Records.[72]

Editions

[edit]
Edition Location Date Ref
AAU
1968 San Diego, CA July 19–21, 1968 [73]
1969 San Diego, CA July 3–6, 1969 [74]
1970 San Diego, CA July 2–5, 1970 [75]
1971 San Diego, CA July 2–4, 1971 [76]
1972 San Diego, CA July 1–3, 1972 [77]
1973 San Diego, CA July 6–8, 1973 [78]
1974 Gresham, Oregon July 5–7, 1974 [79]
1975 White Plains, New York Aug 8–10, 1975 [80]
1976 Gresham, Oregon July 2–4, 1976 [81]
1977 Naperville, Illinois July 1–3, 1977 [82]
1978 Atlanta, GA July 7–9, 1978 [83]
1979 Gresham, Oregon July 6–8, 1979 [84]
1980 & 1981 were transition years leaving the AAU
1980 TFA Atlanta, GA June 14, 1980 [85]
1980 TAC Philadelphia, PA July 4–6, 1980 [86]
1981 TFA Atlanta, GA June 13–14, 1981 [87]
1981 TAC Los Gatos, California Aug 15–16, 1981 [88]
TAC
1982 Wichita, Kansas Aug 6–8, 1982 [89]
1983 Houston, TX Sept 16–18, 1983 [90]
1984 Eugene, Oregon Aug 17–19, 1984 [91]
1985 Indianapolis, IN Aug 23–25, 1985 [92]
1986 Uniondale, New York Jul 18–20, 1986 [93]
1987 Eugene, Oregon Aug 14–16, 1987 [94]
1988 Orlando, Florida Aug 4–7, 1988 [95]
1989 San Diego, CA July 20–23, 1989 [96]
1990 Indianapolis, IN Aug 2–5, 1990 [97]
1991 Naperville, Illinois July 4–7, 1991 [98]
1992 Spokane, Washington Aug 13–16, 1992 [99]
USATF 1993 to Present
1993 Provo, Utah Aug 11–14, 1993 [100]
1994 Eugene, Oregon Aug 11–14, 1994 [101]
1995 East Lansing, Michigan July 5–9, 1995 [102]
1996 Spokane, Washington Aug 15–18, 1996 [103]
1997 San Jose, California Aug 7–10, 1997 [104]
1998 Orono, Maine July 30 – Aug 2, 1998 [105]
1999 Orlando, Florida Aug 26–29, 1999 [106]
2000 Eugene, Oregon Aug 10-13, 2000 [107]
2001 Baton Rouge, Louisiana July 25–28, 2001 [108]
2002 Orono, Maine Aug 8–11, 2002 [109]
2003 Eugene, Oregon Aug 7–10, 2003 [110]
2004 Decatur, Illinois Aug 5–8, 2004 [111]
2005 Honolulu, HI Aug 4–7, 2005 [112]
2006 Charlotte, North Carolina Aug 3–6, 2006 [113]
2007 Orono, Maine Aug 2–5, 2007 [114]
2008 Spokane, Washington Aug 7–10, 2008 [115]
2009 Oshkosh, Wisconsin July 9–12, 2009 [116]
2010 Sacramento, California July 22–25, 2010 [117]
2011 Berea, Ohio July 28–31, 2011 [118]
2012 Lisle, Illinois Aug 2–5, 2012 [119]
2013 Olathe, Kansas July 11–14, 2013 [120]
2014 Winston-Salem, North Carolina July 17–20, 2014 [121]
2015 Jacksonville, Florida July 23–26, 2015 [122]
2016 Allendale, Michigan July 14–17, 2016 [123]
2017 Baton Rouge, Louisiana July 13–16, 2017 [124]
2018 Cheney, Washington July 26–29, 2018 [125]
2019 Ames, Iowa July 11–14, 2019 [126]
2020 Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic --- [127][128]
2021 Ames, Iowa July 22–25, 2021 [129]
2022 Lexington, Kentucky July 28–31, 2022 [130]
2023 Greensboro, NC July 20–23, 2023 [131]
2024 Sacramento, CA Jul 18–21, 2024 [132]

Over 1300 athletes to compete at the 2024 meet.[133]

[edit]

2022

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "USA Track & Field | Masters". usatf.org. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  2. ^ "Runners Aged 25 to 29 Can Now Compete in Masters Track and Field Circuit". Runner's World. 2020-05-15. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  3. ^ "MastersTrack.com News: David Pain: The Columbus of Masters Track". Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2009-12-06. Masterstrack profile David Pain
  4. ^ "Treat at Spokane nationals: Meet pioneer David Pain!". masterstrack.com. 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  5. ^ "Results: USATF Masters National Outdoor Championships". Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  6. ^ "Programs: USATF championship meet programs". Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  7. ^ "Jun 13, 1968, page 35 - Great Falls Tribune at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  8. ^ "1971 Outdoor History" (PDF). www.mastershistory.org.
  9. ^ "Track and Field History" (PDF). mastershistory.org. 2019.
  10. ^ "Jul 14, 1968, page 24 - The Spokesman-Review at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  11. ^ "Jul 03, 1969, page 11 - The Daily Advertiser at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  12. ^ "Jul 05, 1970, page 28 - The Sacramento Bee at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  13. ^ "Aug 08, 1988, page 30 - The Orlando Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  14. ^ "1988 Outdoor" (PDF). www.mastershistory.org.
  15. ^ "Aug 07, 1988, page 27 - The Orlando Sentinel at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  16. ^ National Masters News, Sept 1988. [1] Retrieved Jan 23, 2021
  17. ^ "Aug 12, 2003, page 28 - The Missoulian at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  18. ^ Oshkosh Northwestern, Wisconsin, July 13, 2009.[2] Retrieved Jan 16, 2021
  19. ^ PR Newswire, 2010. [3] Retrieved Jan 18, 2021
  20. ^ Masters History, 2010 Meet Results. [4] Retrieved Jan 18, 2021
  21. ^ "90-plus-year-old men set 3 world relay records at USATF Masters". NBC Sports. 2014-07-21. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  22. ^ Stone, Ken (2019-01-02). "Pro Track Star at Age 100? USATF Offers Travel Aid, Money for Medals at World Meet". Times of San Diego. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  23. ^ "Results". Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  24. ^ "Bids". www.usatf.org.
  25. ^ "eTrack Newsletter". Track & Field News. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  26. ^ "Jul 19, 1968, page 35 - Independent at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  27. ^ "Jul 22, 1968, page 14 - The Ithaca Journal at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  28. ^ "Jul 21, 1968, page 32 - The Spokesman-Review at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  29. ^ "Jul 07, 1969, page 14 - Asbury Park Press at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  30. ^ "Jul 04, 1970, page 7 - The Sacramento Bee at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  31. ^ "eTrack Newsletter". Track & Field News. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  32. ^ "Jul 23, 1989, page 99 - The Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  33. ^ "Jul 04, 1980, page 26 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  34. ^ "1994 Meet Results" (PDF). www.mastershistory.org.
  35. ^ "1996 Meet Results" (PDF). www.mastershistory.org.
  36. ^ "Aug 09, 2003, page 34 - Lexington Herald-Leader at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  37. ^ "Jul 09, 2009, page 13 - The Oshkosh Northwestern at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  38. ^ "2009 Meet Results" (PDF).
  39. ^ Associates, USATF National Masters Media Committee and Robert Weiner. "USA National Masters Track Championships July 11-14 At Olathe KS District Schools Activity Center, Includes 30 World Champions, 5 Olympians Among 1000 Athletes 30-95+". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  40. ^ Masters History, 2013 Meet Results. [5] Retrieved Jan 16, 2021
  41. ^ USATF TV> [6] Retrieved Jan 16, 2021
  42. ^ Gegenheimer, Mike (2017-07-14). "After pro career, former Olympian Walter Dix continues his love of track at Masters Championship". The Advocate. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  43. ^ Ames Tribune, July 11, 2019. [7] Retrieved Jan 19, 2021
  44. ^ 2024 Meet Results. [8] Retrieved July 29, 2024
  45. ^ "USA Track & Field | Day One of USATF Masters Outdoor Championships Conclude With 5,000m, Shot Put, Pentathlon, Hammer Th". usatf.org. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  46. ^ "Jul 23, 2019, page A8 - Honolulu Star-Advertiser at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  47. ^ Stone, Ken (2014-03-26). "San Diego's Rita Hanscom Takes Silvers in World Masters Track Championships". Times of San Diego. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  48. ^ "Aug 07, 2004, page 19 - Herald and Review at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  49. ^ "USATF Masters: Former NFL star Henry Ellard retains his health". Greensboro News and Record. 2014-07-18. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  50. ^ "Former Bandit Star Jackson Returns to Run in Iowa". ktiv.com. July 13, 2019.
  51. ^ "Jul 31, 2001, page 25 - The Indianapolis Star at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  52. ^ "Jul 07, 1969, page 14 - Asbury Park Press at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  53. ^ "Jul 03, 1969, page 36 - The Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  54. ^ "RRCA State Representatives". Road Runners Club of America. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  55. ^ "2012 Meet Results" (PDF). www.mastershistory.org.
  56. ^ "Jul 08, 1970, page 71 - The Sacramento Bee at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  57. ^ "Feb 06, 1972, page 160 - The Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  58. ^ "SAR 1990" (PDF). mastershistory.org. 2019.
  59. ^ "2010 Meet Results" (PDF). www.mastershistory.org.
  60. ^ "Elite Athletic Hall of Fame: Judge John Dobroth". armyandnavyacademy.org. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
  61. ^ "2018 Meet Results" (PDF). mastershistory.org. December 20, 2019.
  62. ^ "2017 Meet Results" (PDF). mastershistory.org. December 2017.
  63. ^ "Jul 13, 2013, page B1 - The Kansas City Star at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  64. ^ "1979 USA Masters Outdoor Championships" (PDF). mastershistory.org. p. 3. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  65. ^ "He Predicted Trump in 2016, Biden in 2020 and Now… | NYT Opinion". New York Times. 5 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  66. ^ "Jul 27, 2018, page a7 - The Spokesman-Review at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  67. ^ "Jul 17, 2017, page B2 - Daily Press at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  68. ^ "Jul 13, 2009, page 10 - The Oshkosh Northwestern at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  69. ^ "May 03, 1974, page 65 - The Honolulu Advertiser at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  70. ^ "Jul 05, 1976, page 35 - Tampa Bay Times at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  71. ^ Randleman, Joe. "USA Track & Field Masters Championships returns to Ames this weekend". The Ames Tribune. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  72. ^ "USATF Masters Outdoor Championships". Runnerspace.com.
  73. ^ Track Newsletter, dated Aug. 1, 1968 by Track & Field News. [9] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  74. ^ Track Newsletter, dated July 24, 1969 by Track & Field News. [10] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  75. ^ Track Newsletter, dated Sept. 3, 1970 by Track & Field News. [11] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  76. ^ 1971 Track Results provide by meet host. [12] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  77. ^ 1971 Track Results provide by meet host. [13] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  78. ^ USMITT newsletter August 1973. [14] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  79. ^ USMITT newsletter August 1974. [15] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  80. ^ USMITT newsletter October 1975. [16] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  81. ^ USMITT newsletter September 1976. [17] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  82. ^ National Masters News 1977. [18] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  83. ^ National Masters News Winter 1978-1979. [19] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  84. ^ National Masters News 1979. [20] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  85. ^ National Masters News September 1980. [21] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  86. ^ National Masters News 1980. [22] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  87. ^ National Masters News 1981. [23] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  88. ^ National Masters News 1981. [24] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  89. ^ National Masters News 1982. [25] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  90. ^ National Masters News November 1983. [26] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  91. ^ National Masters News 1984. [27] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  92. ^ National Masters News Oct. 1985. [28] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  93. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1986. [29] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  94. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1987. [30] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  95. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1988. [31] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  96. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1989. [32] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  97. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1990. [33] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  98. ^ National Masters News Aug. 1991. [34] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  99. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1992. [35] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  100. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1993. [36] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  101. ^ National Masters News Sept. 1994. [37] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  102. ^ National Masters News Aug. 1995. [38] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  103. ^ Masterstrack.com Jan. 1, 2008. [39] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  104. ^ Masterstrack.com Jan. 6, 2008. [40] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  105. ^ Masterstrack.com Jan. 6, 2008. [41] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  106. ^ Masterstrack.com Jan. 6, 2008. [42] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  107. ^ Masterstrack.com Jan. 6, 2008. [43] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  108. ^ Masterstrack.com Jan. 6, 2008. [44] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  109. ^ USATF. Track & Field History. [45] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  110. ^ Flash Results Jan. 6, 2008. [46] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  111. ^ USATF. Track & Field History. [47] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
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  121. ^ USATF. Track & Field History. [57] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  122. ^ Track & Field History. [58] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  123. ^ Track & Field History. [59] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  124. ^ Track & Field History. [60] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  125. ^ Track & Field History. [61] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  126. ^ Track & Field History. [62] Retrieved Oct. 16, 2020
  127. ^ Runner Space, USATF Meet Cancelled. [63] Retrieved Oct. 15, 2020
  128. ^ USATF Announcement. [64] Retrieved Jan 19, 2021
  129. ^ USATF Masters Meet, Apr 8, 2021. [65] Retrieved Apr 8, 2021
  130. ^ USATF Masters, Jan 18, 2021. [66] Retrieved Aug 1, 2022
  131. ^ USATF meet web page. [67] Retrieved Feb 16, 2023
  132. ^ USATF Masters web page. [68] Retrieved Nov 2, 2023
  133. ^ USATF Meet Website, July 15, 2024.[69] Retrieved July 15, 2024

Further reading

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