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UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea

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Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006)
Formation2006, in response to North Korea's first nuclear test, and its continued nuclear proliferation efforts.
FounderUN Security Council, in resolution 1718
PurposeTo oversee the relevant sanctions measures relating to North Korea (DPRK)
Location
  • New York, USA
Region
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
FieldsEconomic sanctions
Membership
All members of the UNSC
Parent organization
United Nations Security Council
SubsidiariesPanel of Experts (2009−2024)
Websitewww.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1718
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The UN Security Council Sanctions Committee on North Korea (formally named Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718) is a subsidiary body established in 2006 by the UN Security Council's resolution 1718 in response to North Korea's first nuclear test and its other nuclear proliferation efforts.[1][2][3][4][5]

Resolution 1718 imposed a series of economic sanctions on the DPRK and established a committee to gather more information, specify the sanctions,[6] monitor them, and issue recommendations.[1] The committee's responsibilities have broadened as subsequent resolutions expanded and strengthened sanctions, which include an arms embargo, a ban on luxury goods, financial sanctions, and limitations on export of mining resources.[7][8]

From 2009 to 2024, a Panel of Experts (PoE) supported the work of the committee through expert analysis,[9][10][11][12][13][14][8] particularly in evaluating cases of non-compliance.[15] While the committee can make legally-binding decisions on how to specifically execute the sanctions (by naming which entities are targeted, for example),[6][1] the PoE only had an informational and advisory role in support of those decisions.[15] The PoE was disbanded in April 2024 after Russia used its Security Council veto to block the renewal of its mandate.[16][17]

Establishment

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The committee was established pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006) to oversee the relevant sanctions measures relating to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).[4][1][8][5]

Excerpts of the UN Security Council Resolution 1718

Expressing the gravest concern at the claim by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) that it has conducted a test of a nuclear weapon on 9 October 2006, and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond,(...)

8. Decides that:

(a) All Member States shall prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK (...)

12. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Security Council consisting of all the members of the Council, to undertake the following tasks:

(a) To seek from all States, in particular those producing or possessing the items, materials, equipment, goods and technology referred to in paragraph 8 (a) above, information regarding the actions taken by them to implement effectively the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above of this resolution and whatever further information it may consider useful in this regard;
(b) To examine and take appropriate action on information regarding alleged violations of measures imposed by paragraph 8 of this resolution;
(c) To consider and decide upon requests for exemptions set out in paragraphs 9 and 10 above;
(d) To determine additional items, materials, equipment, goods and technology to be specified for the purpose of paragraphs 8 (a) (i) and 8 (a) (ii) above;
(e) To designate additional individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 8 (d) and 8 (e) above;
(f) To promulgate guidelines as may be necessary to facilitate the implementation of the measures imposed by this resolution;
(g) To report at least every 90 days to the Security Council on its work, with its observations and recommendations, in particular on ways to strengthen the effectiveness of the measures imposed by paragraph 8 above;
Resolution 1718 (2006), Adopted by the Security Council at its 5551st meeting, on 14 October 2006.[1][8]

Additional functions were entrusted to the committee in resolutions 1874 (2009), 2087 (2013), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), and 2321 (2016).[4][1] In 2017, the committee began to track the procurement of DPRK coal by Member States.[18][7][8] The committee is formed by representatives of all UNSC members.[4][1][8]

Panel of experts

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Panel of Experts
AbbreviationPoE
Formation2009
FounderUN Security Council, in resolution 1874
Defunct2024
PurposeTo assist the Sanctions Committee on North Korea in carrying out its mandate, gathering, examining and analyzing information, making recommendations, and issuing reports
Location
  • New York, USA
Region
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
FieldsEconomic sanctions
Parent organization
Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006)
Websitewww.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1718/panel_experts/work_mandate (archived)

From 2009 to 2024 the committee was supported by a Panel of Experts (PoE) that was established by UNSC resolution 1874[9] to assist the committee in carrying out its mandate; gathering, examining and analyzing information from States regarding the implementation of the measures (including incidents of non-compliance); making recommendations to improve implementation of the measures imposed; and issuing reports.[9][10][11][12][13][14][8][19]

It was composed of eight experts and was based in New York City.[10][11][12][13][9] Its mandate had been extended annually through resolutions 1928 (2010), 1985 (2011), 2050 (2012), 2094 (2013), 2141 (2014), 2207 (2015), 2276 (2016), 2345 (2017), 2407 (2018), 2464 (2019), 2515 (2020), 2569 (2021), 2627 (2022), and 2680 (2023).[8][10][9][20]

In 2024 the UNSC did not extend the PoE's mandate, which expired on April 30 of that year.[16][17][21] Of the 15 UNSC members, 13 voted in favor of renewing the mandate, China abstained, and Russia exercised its veto power.[22][23] Russia and the DPRK had experienced a renaissance of their relationship especially in the previous two years as the latter had become an important supplier of war materiel to the former.[24] The vote did not impact the sanctions themselves, only the monitoring.[25] Several members observed that the PoE had recently been investigating breaches of the sanctions regime by the party who wielded the dismissal.[26]

The panel acted under the direction of the committee and its members were appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in consultation with the committee. They had specialized backgrounds in areas such as nuclear issues, other weapons of mass destruction and conventional arms, customs and export controls, weapons of mass destruction arms control and non-proliferation policy, finance, maritime transport and missile technology.[10][9][8]

Documents

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Committee annual reports

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Panel of experts reports

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g United Nations Security Council Session 5551 Resolution S/RES/1718. Resolution 1718 (2006), Adopted by the Security Council at its 5551st meeting S/RES/1718(2006) 14 October 2006.
  2. ^ "Briefing by the Chair of the 1718 DPRK Sanctions Committee". What's in Blue. Feb 24, 2017. Archived from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
  3. ^ Lopez, George A. (March 13, 2017). "Hardly the hermit kingdom: New report reveals North Korea's global reach". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Taylor and Francis. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d "UN Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006) - Background Information". New York, USA: United Nations. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  5. ^ a b "Security Council condemns nuclear test by Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Unanimously adopting resolution 1718 (2006)". United Nations. October 14, 2006. Archived from the original on November 8, 2015. Retrieved Nov 8, 2015. To monitor and adjust the sanctions imposed on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Council decided to establish a committee consisting of all 15 members of the body, which would provide a report every 90 days, beginning with the passage of the resolution.
  6. ^ a b Paulus, Andreas L.; Müller, Jörn (November 3, 2006). "Security Council Resolution 1718 on North Korea's Nuclear Test". Insights. 10 (29). American Society of International Law. Archived from the original on April 27, 2015. The Security Council has frequently established sanction regimes[4] and has set up sanctions committees supervising their implementation.[5] The power of the Security Council to set up such regimes is firmly established in international law.
  7. ^ a b Choe, Sang-hun (February 18, 2017). "China Suspends All Coal Imports From North Korea". The New York Times. USA. Archived from the original on February 19, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Davenport, Kelsey (March 1, 2016). "UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea". Washington, D.C., USA: Arms Control Association. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d e f United Nations Security Council Session 6141 Resolution S/RES/1874. Adopted by the Security Council at its 6141st meeting, on 12 June 2009 S/RES/1874(2009) 12 June 2009.
  10. ^ a b c d e "UN Security Council Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1718 (2006) - Work and mandate". New York, USA: United Nations Security Council. Archived from the original on April 8, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
  11. ^ a b c Berger, Andrea (March 16, 2017). "A Familiar Story: The New UN Report on North Korean Sanctions Implementation". 38 North, U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. USA. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
  12. ^ a b c Salomon, Salem (March 22, 2017). "Sanctioned and Shunned, North Korea Finds Arms Deals in Africa". Voice of America. USA. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  13. ^ a b c Nephew, Richard (March 16, 2017). "Paper Tigers: DPRK POE Report Shows Deep Problems with Enforcement". 38 North, U.S.-Korea Institute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. USA. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Insights on Iran and DPRK (North Korea) Sanctions". What's in Blue. May 10, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  15. ^ a b Nikitin, Mary Beth; Manyin, Mark E.; Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Nanto, Dick K. (April 15, 2010). "North Korea's Second Nuclear Test: Implications of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1874" (PDF). Congressional Research Service Report (R40684). U.S. Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 4, 2016.
  16. ^ a b The Guardian, "Russia criticised for using veto to end UN monitoring of North Korea sanctions", 28 March 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  17. ^ a b BBC, "Russia shuts down UN watchdog tracking North Korea sanctions", 29 March 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  18. ^ "Procurement of DPRK coal by Member States". United Nations. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  19. ^ UN Security Council 1874 (2009), quote: "26. Requests the Secretary-General to create for an initial period of one year, in consultation with the Committee, a group of up to seven experts (“Panel of Experts”), acting under the direction of the Committee to carry out the following tasks: (a) assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate as specified in resolution 1718 (2006) and the functions specified in paragraph 25 of this resolution; (b) gather, examine and analyse information from States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties regarding the implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance; (c) make recommendations on actions the Council, or the Committee or Member States, may consider to improve implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution; and (d) provide an interim report on its work to the Council no later than 90 days after adoption of this resolution, and a final report to the Council no later than 30 days prior to termination of its mandate with its findings and recommendations;"
  20. ^ "1718 Sanctions Committee (DPRK) - Resolutions". r=. New York, USA: United Nations.
  21. ^ "Security Council Fails to Extend Mandate for Expert Panel Assisting Sanctions Committee on Democratic People's Republic of Korea | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases".
  22. ^ Song, Sang-ho (March 29, 2024). "UNSC fails to extend mandate of expert panel monitoring N.K. sanctions enforcement". Yonhap. Archived from the original on 2024-03-28.
  23. ^ Lederer, Edith M. (March 28, 2024). "Russian veto brings an end to the UN panel that monitors North Korea nuclear sanctions". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2024-03-28.
  24. ^ Faulconbridge, Guy (March 29, 2024). "After veto, Russia says big powers need to stop 'strangling' North Korea". Reuters.
  25. ^ "Russian veto brings an end to the UN panel that monitors North Korea nuclear sanctions". 28 March 2024.
  26. ^ "Russia shuts down UN watchdog tracking North Korea sanctions".
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