Jump to content

Turkish Airlines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Turkish Airways)

Turkish Airlines
Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı
IATA ICAO Call sign
TK THY TURKISH
Founded20 May 1933; 91 years ago (1933-05-20)
AOC #TQKF144F
HubsIstanbul Airport
Frequent-flyer programMiles&Smiles
AllianceStar Alliance
Subsidiaries
Fleet size370
Destinations349 (incl. cargo)
Traded asBİST: THYAO
HeadquartersAtatürk Airport
Yeşilköy, Istanbul, Turkey
Key people
RevenueIncrease US$ 20.942 billion (2023)[4]
Operating incomeIncrease US$ 3.959 billion (2023)[4]
Net incomeIncrease US$ 6.021 billion (2023)[4]
Total assetsIncrease US$ 35.671 billion (2023)[4]
Total equityIncrease US$ 15.563 billion (2023)[4]
Employees40,264 (2024)[5]
Websiteturkishairlines.com

Turkish Airlines (Turkish: Türk Hava Yolları), or legally Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı,[6] is the flag carrier of Turkey.[7] As of June 2024, it operates scheduled services to 352 destinations (incl. cargo) in Europe, Asia, Oceania, Africa, and the Americas.[8] The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world[9] and flies to 131 countries, more than any other airline.[8][10][11][12][13] With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division Turkish Cargo serves 82 destinations.[14] The airline also owns a low-cost subsidiary, AJet.

The airline's corporate headquarters are on the grounds of Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul.[15] The airline's main base is Istanbul Airport in Arnavutköy.[16] It has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.[17]

In December 2024, The airline has officially earned a Guinness World Records title for connecting the highest number of countries through its flights.[18][19]

History

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

Turkish Airlines was established on 20 May 1933 as Turkish State Airlines (Turkish: Devlet Hava Yolları)[20] as a department of the Ministry of National Defense.[21] The airline's initial fleet consisted of two five-seat Curtiss Kingbirds, two four-seat Junkers F 13s and one ten-seat Tupolev ANT-9.[21] In 1935, the airline was turned over to the Ministry of Public Works and was subsequently renamed General Directorate of State Airlines. Three years later, in 1938, it became part of the Ministry of Transportation.[22]

Postwar period

[edit]
THY Fokker F27 Friendship landing at Athens Hellenikon Airport in 1973

Several Douglas DC-3s and Douglas C-47s were phased in during 1945.[23] Being initially set up as a domestic carrier, the airline commenced international services with the inauguration of Ankara–Istanbul–Athens flights in 1947; with the DC-3s and C-47s enabling the carrier to expand its network.[21]

Nicosia, Beirut and Cairo were soon added to the airline's international flight destinations. However, domestic services remained the carrier's primary focus until the early 1960s.[24]

THY Douglas DC-10 in 1974 wearing the airline's initial colour scheme

In 1956, the Turkish government reorganized the airline under the name Türk Hava Yolları A.O. (often abbreviated as THY).[21] It was capitalized at TRY 60 million. The airline joined the International Air Transport Association (IATA) shortly thereafter. In 1957, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) began supplying technical support after acquiring a 6.5 percent shareholding, which it held for about 20 years.[24]

New aircraft including Vickers Viscounts, Fokker F27s and Douglas DC-3s were added to the fleet in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Turkish Airlines began operating their first jet, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9, in 1967. This was followed by the addition of three Boeing 707 jets in 1971. Other aircraft operated in the early 1970s included the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and the Fokker F28 which were put into service in 1972 and 1973 respectively.[21][24]

1980s and 1990s

[edit]
A Boeing 707 operated by Turkish Airlines at Heathrow Airport in 1984

The airline was plagued by several issues in the 1980s and 90s. It developed a reputation for poor service compared to competitors and flight delays, with 47 out of 100 flights not departing on time.[25] It also endured hijackings and suffered seven accidents between 1974 and 1983. The most notorious was the 1974 crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981, when an aircraft design flaw led to a faulty cargo door breaking off in flight near Ermenonville, France, resulting in the deaths of 346 people. At the time of the accident, THY981 was the worst plane crash of all time.[26]

A new government came to power in 1983 which recognized THY's importance as Turkey's gateway to the world, beginning the airline's makeover into a modern operation. It would go on to maintain one of the youngest fleets in the world. Security was intensified, causing one shipper to compare it to Israel's El Al, at least in terms of delays.[24]

THY built a new, state-of-the-art technical center at Yeşilköy Airport in 1984. The airline was capable of both light and heavy maintenance on many different aircraft types. The technical staff then made up one-quarter of the airline's 6,000 employees, according to Air Transport World. In 1984, the company's capital was raised to 60 billion TL as it was classified as a state economic enterprise. Three years later, the capital was raised again, to 150 billion TL.

Turkish Airlines Boeing 737 at Zurich Airport in 1995

By the mid-1980s, THY had a fleet of 30 aircraft. It was flying approximately three million passengers a year to 16 domestic destinations and three dozen international ones. The airline was Turkey's largest source of foreign currency. Turkish Airlines began operating Airbus A310s in 1985, allowing the addition of flights to Singapore in 1986. A route to New York City via Brussels was added in 1987.[27]

The company posted losses in 1987 and 1988, largely due to high payments on its dozen new Airbus A310s, according to Air Transport World. The fleet also included 11 Boeing 727s and nine Douglas DC-9s. THY ended the decade with 8,500 employees.[24]

The airline ordered five Airbus A340 aircraft with option for five more in 1990 to be able to fly to North American and East Asian destinations non-stop. The first A340 was delivered three years later, in 1993.[28]

The company suffered in the global aviation crisis following the Persian Gulf War and would not break-even again until 1994. However, the business was again booming in the mid-1990s, with the greatest growth coming from North American destinations. [citation needed] THY launched a nonstop flight to New York City in July 1994.

The company's capital continued to be raised, reaching 10 trillion TL in 1995. During that year, the airline also converted three of its Boeing 727s to dedicated freighters. The DC-9s had been sold off. The company posted a $6 million profit on revenues of $1 billion for the year. While profitable, THY had to contend with Turkey's exorbitant inflation, making capital improvements difficult.

The domestic market was deregulated in 1996, allowing new scheduled competition from charter airlines. At the same time, larger international carriers were providing stiff competition on routes to Western Europe. THY entered into marketing agreements with other international airlines to enhance their competitiveness. The company teamed with Japan Airlines to offer service to Osaka and Tokyo in 1997 and 1998. Other jointly operated flights soon followed with Austrian Airlines, Swissair, and Croatia Airlines.[24] In 1997, THY began to operate flights to Chicago as its second destination in the US.[29]

21st century

[edit]
A Turkish Airlines Boeing 777-300ER with the FC Barcelona colours in 2012; the airline was the official sponsor and carrier of the club between 2010 and 2013.[30]
A Turkish Airlines Boeing 737-800 in 2010 FIBA World Championship livery at Istanbul Atatürk Airport
Istanbul Atatürk Airport, November 2013
A Turkish Airlines Airbus A321-200 in Turkish Airlines Euroleague livery. The airline has been the primary sponsor of the top European basketball league since 2010.
A Turkish Airlines Boeing 777-300ER landing at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
A Boeing 737 MAX 8 of Turkish Airlines on final approach for Istanbul Atatürk Airport

A new terminal opened in January 2000 at Istanbul's Istanbul Atatürk Airport. Turkish Airlines continued to extend their international reach, forging marketing agreements with Asiana Airlines, American Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, Czech Airlines and Cathay Pacific in 2000. On 29 October 2000, THY withdrew from the Swissair-led Qualiflyer alliance to help attract a strategic investor for their privatization.[24][31] The airline had been part of the alliance's frequent-flyer program since November 1998.[31] An Antalya-Frankfurt route was added in 2001 through a code-sharing agreement with Sun Express.

Turkey underwent an economic crisis throughout most of 2001, leading to a reduction in traffic on domestic routes in particular. THY managed to survive after the September 11 attacks on the United States without a government bailout or mass layoffs, although 300 middle management positions were eliminated, 400 part-timers were laid off and wages were cut 10 percent. Turkish Daily News credited the airline's survival to entrepreneurial management, which was quick to get rid of loss-making routes at home and abroad.[citation needed]

In 2003, the war in Iraq prompted Turkish Airlines to close some routes in the Persian Gulf, while flights to Asia were suspended during the SARS epidemic. However, the airline soon recovered, increasing traffic on existing routes and adding service to Delhi after an 11-year lapse.

Another fleet expansion program kicked off in 2004, helping THY maintain one of the youngest fleets in Europe. In July that year, the airline announced a massive $2.8 billion order of 36 jets from Airbus, plus an order for 15 Boeing 737s.

THY was not just ordering new planes. It was planning to spend $350 million on a new technical and training facility at Istanbul's underutilized Sabiha Gökçen International Airport. The airline had built up a significant technical services operation, maintaining not just their aircraft but those of third parties. Turkish Technic employed 2,700 workers and was planning to hire another 2,000 by 2010. THY also had three flight simulators and offered flight training services.

The airline faced the entry of new competitors into the liberalizing Turkish aviation market. However, tourism was rising, with 20 million people expected to visit the country in 2005 versus 12 million in 2003. THY divested its 50% holding in Cyprus Turkish Airlines (Kıbrıs Türk Hava Yolları) in 2005.

Although the company was publicly traded at this time, the government-owned 98% of its shares. The privatization program was revived in 2004 with a public offering of 20% of shares on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The Turkish government-owned 75% of shares after the offering, which raised $170 million. Currently, the Turkey Wealth Fund owns a 49.12% interest in THY, while 50.88% of shares are publicly traded.[32]

On 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines joined the Star Alliance after an 18-month integration process beginning in December 2006, becoming the seventh European airline in the 20-member alliance.[33]

In December 2011, the Turkish government unveiled plans to modernize the Aden Adde International Airport in Mogadishu, Somalia, which became one of the newest flight destinations of the carrier in 2012. The rehabilitation project is part of Turkey's broader engagement in the local post-conflict reconstruction process. Among the scheduled renovations are new airport systems and infrastructure, including a modern control tower to monitor the airspace.[34] In March 2012, Turkish Airlines became the first international carrier to resume flights to Somalia since the start of that country's civil war in the early 1990s.

By the end of 2013, Turkish Airlines had increased their number of flight points to 241 destinations worldwide (199 international and 42 domestic).[35] The airline began increasing operations at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport as it positioned it as a secondary hub.[36][37]

Following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the Federal Aviation Administration temporarily banned flights between Turkey and the United States. This posed a particular problem for Turkish Airlines as a key component of the airline's strategy was to deliver one-stop journeys between the US and hard-to-reach destinations in Africa, the Middle East, and India.[38] This ban was lifted on 18 July, and Turkish Airlines resumed flights to the U.S. on 19 July after a three-day disruption.[39]

In August 2016, Turkish Airlines announced a profit collapse to a loss of 198 million Euros for the second quarter of 2016 while expecting an overall loss of 10 million passengers for 2016.[40] The airline already announced significant reductions in operations for the upcoming 2016–2017 schedule period with frequency cuts to 45 European and 13 intercontinental routes.[41][42] Turkish Airlines also announced an overall record loss of 1.9 billion Turkish Lira ($644.4 million) for the first half of 2016.[43]

The following year saw the airline recover, with financial results for 2017 showing an almost 35% increase in turnover, and a return to profitability.[44][non-primary source needed]

In 2020, the airline announced its intention to withdraw from international routes at Sabiha Gökçen Airport by transferring these routes to its low-cost subsidiary, AnadoluJet.[45]

In February 2022, Turkish Cargo, the airline's freight subsidiary, relocated all cargo flights and operations from their former base at Istanbul Atatürk Airport to the new Istanbul Airport.[46][47]

In February 2023, Turkish Airlines confirmed plans to spin off AnadoluJet from an incorporated brand name into an independent airline.[48]

On 29 November 2024, Turkish Airlines flight TK175 successfully touched down in Sydney from Istanbul. This is the inaugural flight of the airline to the capital city of New South Wales and also the airline's second route to Australia after Melbourne that was launched in March this year.[49]

Corporate affairs

[edit]

The airline head office is in the Turkish Airlines General Management Building at Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy.[50]

Key people

[edit]

On 26 January 2022, İlker Aycı resigned from his position as chairman of the airline.[51] During the board meeting the next day, Ahmet Bolat was elected to become the new chairman.[52][53] Bilal Ekşi holds the deputy chairman and CEO positions.[54]

[edit]

The key trends for Turkish Airlines are (as of the financial year ending 31 December):[55]

Turnover
(₺m)[a] 		Net profit
(₺m)[a] 		Number of
passengers
(m) 		Passenger
load factor
(%) 		Cargo carried
(000s tonnes) 		Number of
aircraft 		Number of
destinations[b] 		References
2003 2,846 243 10.4 67 123 65 103 [56][57]
2004 2,593 107 12.0 70 135 73 102 [57][58]
2005 2,956 138 14.1 72 145 83 107 [57][59]
2006 3,812 179 16.9 69 160 103 134 [57][60]
2007 4,860 265 19.6 73 183 102 138 [61][62]
2008 6,123 1,134 22.6 74 199 127 142 [63][64]
2009 7,036 559 25.1 71 238 134 156 [65][66]
2010 8,423 286 29.1 74 314 153 171 [67][68]
2011 11,813 19 32.6 73 388 179 189 [69][70]
2012 14,909 1,133 39.0 77 471 200 217 [69][70]
2013 18,777 683 48.3 79 565 233 243 [1][71]
2014 24,158 1,819 54.7 79 668 261 264 [72]
in US$ bn in US$ m
2015 10.5 1,069 61.2 78 720 299 284 [73][74][75]
2016 9.7 −77 62.8 74 876 334 295 [76]
2017 10.9 223 68.6 79 1,123 329 300 [77]
2018 12.8 753 75.1 82 1,412 332 306 [78]
2019 13.2 788 74.3 81.6 1,543 350 321 [79]
2020 6.7 −836 27.9 71.0 1,487 363 324 [80]
2021 10.6 959 44.7 67.9 1,879 370 333 [81]
2022 18.4 2,725 71.8 80.1 1,678 394 342 [82]
2023 20.9 6,021 83.3 82.6 1,658 440 345 [83]

Destinations

[edit]
Main article: List of Turkish Airlines destinations

As of 2024, Turkish Airlines flies to 340 destinations (incl. cargo) in 129 countries, including 53 domestic points.[84][85]

Codeshare agreements

[edit]

Turkish Airlines codeshares with the following airlines:[86]

Interline agreements

[edit]

Turkish Airlines has interline agreements with the following airlines:[108][109]

Fleet

[edit]
Main article: Turkish Airlines fleet
The Airbus A350 is the newest addition to the fleet

As of May 2024, Turkish Airlines operates a fleet of 370[c] aircraft,[113] consisting of 13 passenger aircraft types.[115] The airline started operations in 1933 with five aircraft, which grew to 52 in 1945 after the addition of Douglas DC-3s used in the Second World War.[116][117] This made Turkish Airlines the largest carrier in the Middle East.[118] The first jet-engined aircraft of the airline was a Douglas DC-9, which joined the fleet in 1967.[119] The first wide-body Douglas DC-10 was added in 1972.[120] The airline made major changes to its fleet development in the late-1980s,[121] when the first Airbus A310 arrived,[25] and the Airbus A340 was ordered.[122] The first Boeing Boeing 737 arrived a few years later.[123]

Throughout 2004, the airline ordered over 50 aircraft both from Boeing and Airbus.[124] Three Boeing 777-300s were leased in 2008,[125] and later ordered 12 more from Boeing.[126] In 2013, the airline ordered almost 200 aircraft.[127][128] The airline ordered 25 each of the Boeing 787-9 and Airbus A350-900 in March 2018,[129] which started delivery in 2019 and 2020 respectively.[130]

The airline announced on 11 May 2023, that they will be purchasing around 600 new aircraft which will arrive in a period of 10 years. The Chairman of the Board of Directors and the Executive Committee, Ahmet Bolat has said that the majority of the aircraft will be Airbus and Boeing, with some considered being from "another manufacturer"[131]

Frequent-flyer programme

[edit]
Miles&Smiles logo

Miles&Smiles is the frequent-flyer programme of Turkish Airlines, inaugurated in 2000 after the airline left Qualiflyer.[132] Earned miles can be used on Turkish Airlines flights, as well as on flights operated by the entire Star Alliance network. Miles&Smiles Classic Plus members are entitled to Star Alliance Silver benefits, while Elite and Elite Plus Miles&Smiles status entitles the member to Star Alliance Gold benefits.[133][134]

Miles&Smiles Credit Card

[edit]

Members of the frequent flyer programme also earn miles when paying for their purchases with their Miles&Smiles credit card. Currently, residents of Turkey, Israel, Azerbaijan, Jordan and the United States are offered with Miles&Smiles credit card by programme member local banks. Credit cards can be issued in the form of American Express, Visa, Mastercard and/or Isracard.[135][136]
There are also agreements with specific banks in countries across Americas, Asia and Oceania for earning and spending miles.[137][138]

Turkish Airlines Corporate Club

[edit]

Turkish Airlines Corporate Club is a programme created for corporates. The club allows its members to easily arrange business travel with special benefits.[139] The Corporate Club is a part of the Universal Air Travel Plan Network (UATP).[140]

Sponsorship and promotion agreements

[edit]
Turkish Airlines also sponsored Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund.[141]
Turkish Airlines Airbus A330-300, decorated with UEFA Euro 2016 emblems
Turkish Airlines Airbus A330-300 with a special UEFA Champions League livery

Turkish Airlines has been the official carrier of several European football clubs such as Galatasaray, Manchester United,[142] FC Barcelona,[143] Borussia Dortmund,[144][145] Olympique de Marseille,[146] Aston Villa,[147] FK Sarajevo,[148] and Hannover 96.[149]

The airline has also made sponsorship and promotion deals with renowned athletes and actors, including[150] Lionel Messi,[151] Kobe Bryant,[151] Caroline Wozniacki,[152] Kevin Costner,[153] Wayne Rooney,[153] and Didier Drogba.[154]

The company has been the primary sponsor of the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague since 2010[155] and was among the sponsors of the 2010 FIBA World Championship.[156]

On 22 October 2013, Turkish Airlines and Euroleague signed an agreement to prolong their existing sponsorship deal by five years until 2020.[157]

Turkish Airlines is the sponsor of the Turkish Airlines Open, a European Tour golf tournament played annually in Turkey since 2013.[158]

Turkish Airlines was the kit sponsor of Galatasaray for the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League and Bosnian club FK Sarajevo. Since then, the airline has continued its sponsorship of Galatasaray and has also been the kit sponsor for the European campaigns of other Turkish clubs such as Trabzonspor and Başakşehir.

On 10 December 2015, Turkish Airlines and UEFA signed a sponsorship deal for the UEFA Euro 2016, becoming the first airline sponsor of UEFA European Championship tournaments.[159][160]

On 29 January 2016, Turkish Airlines announced its partnership with Warner Bros. to sponsor the film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. In the movie, a pivotal scene unfolds aboard a Turkish Airlines A330.[161] That year, the airline also teamed up with a number of Turkish tourist agencies in the production of the romantic comedy film Non-Transferable.[162]

On 14 September 2018, Turkish Airlines and Lega Basket Serie A,[163] the top-tier professional basketball league in Italy, signed a sponsorship agreement, making the airline an official partner for the 2018–19 LBA season.[164][165]

In February 2019, Turkish Airlines arranged to become partial sponsors for League of Ireland First Division side Drogheda United.[166]

In August 2019, Turkish Airlines reached an agreement with Club Atlético River Plate to become the main sponsor of the Argentine sports club for the next three seasons.[167]

Prior to the start of the 2022–23 season, Turkish Airlines becomes the official global sponsors of the UEFA Champions League and the Super Cup, UEFA Youth League and the Futsal Champions League for the remainder of the 2021–24 cycle after UEFA agreed to sponsor in the next two seasons.[168]

Turkish Airlines Flight Academy

[edit]

Turkish Airlines Flight Academy (TAFA) was established by the 28th THY Board on 10 November 2004, and started training with 16 cadets on 1 May 2006. The Flight Academy is based at Istanbul Atatürk Airport and uses Aydın Çıldır Airport for training activities.[169][170][171]

The ever-growing flight academy fleet consists of the following 25 aircraft, 19 of which are single-engine and 6 of which are multi-engine aircraft:[172]

Turkish Airlines Maintenance Center

[edit]
Main article: Turkish Airlines Maintenance Center

Turkish Airlines' maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) center, Turkish Technic, was incorporated in 2006 and is responsible for the maintenance of Turkish Airlines and other third party aircraft within eight hangars.[173] Capabilities include airframe, landing gear, APU and other subsystems.[174] Turkish Technic opened an engine center in partnership with Pratt & Whitney called TEC (Turkish Engine Center) in January 2010 at Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (SAW). The facility provides engine MRO services to customers worldwide.[175]

Turkish Technic was based at Istanbul Atatürk Airport within two hangars. It bought out MNG Technic along with its hangars, and the main complex moved to SAW with the building of two new hangars.[176] Two smaller hangars are also located at Ankara Esenboğa Airport. Additional hangars are being built at the new Istanbul Airport to accommodate the operator's growing fleet.[177]

Incidents and accidents

[edit]

In its history, Turkish Airlines has suffered a total of 19 incidents and accidents of which 15 were fatal. A total of 68 crew, 835 passengers and 35 people on the ground have been killed.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b including subsidiaries
  2. ^ incl. cargo
  3. ^ The number of aircraft listed comes from the website of Turkish Airlines[113] subtracted by the aircraft of AJet.[114]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "FInancial Statements 2013" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  2. ^ "Türk Hava Yolları THY Destek Hizmetleri A.Ş'yi KAP'a bildirdi". www.dunya.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Board Activity Report" (PDF). Turkishairlines.com. 30 September 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Turkish Airlines Financial Statements 2023" (PDF). Turkishairlines.com. 31 December 2022.
  5. ^ "Turkish Airlines". Forbes. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  6. ^ "Türk Hava Yolları Haberleri". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Turkish Airlines orders ten incremental A350-900s". ch-aviation GmbH. 4 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Turkish Airlines Fact Sheet" (PDF). Turkish Airlines Investor Relations. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2024.
  9. ^ "Best connected airline hubs by region revealed". anna.aero. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  10. ^ "Turkish Airlines' net profit triples in 9-month". Anadolu Agency. 7 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  11. ^ Cebeci, Uğur (21 August 2019). "Yeni uçuşlar yakında". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  12. ^ "Sayılarla Türk Hava Yolları". Archived from the original on 8 May 2020.
  13. ^ "Turkish Airlines Becomes No. 1 in the World, Flying to the Most Countries Worldwide". Businesswire.com. 14 November 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  14. ^ "Turkish cargo network - Middle East & South Asia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  15. ^ "Terms of Use". Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 14 July 2024. [...]Turkish Airlines General Management Building Ataturk Airport, Yesilkoy, 34149 Istanbul, Türkiye.
  16. ^ "Transfer from Ataturk to Istanbul Airport to begin on 5 April". hurriyetdailynews.com. 27 February 2019. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  17. ^ "Turkish Airlines – Star Alliance". Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  18. ^ https://www.travelandtourworld.com/news/article/turkish-airlines-wins-coveted-guinness-award-for-unparalleled-global-reach/
  19. ^ https://www.businesstraveller.de/mobil/turkish-airlines-schafft-es-ins-guinness-buch-der-rekorde/
  20. ^ "DHY timetable October 15, 1955". www.timetableimages.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  21. ^ a b c d e "Turkish Airlines – History". Turkishairlines.com. 17 February 1977. Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  22. ^ "History of Turkish Airlines". Seatmaestro. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  23. ^ Hofmann, Kurt (29 April 2016). "Turkish Airlines to take delivery of 26 Boeing aircraft in 2016". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Turkish Airlines' and Boeing's long history goes back to 1945, with the arrival of the airline's first DC-3/C-47 airliners. 
  24. ^ a b c d e f g "History of Turkish Airlines Inc. (Türk Hava Yollari A.O.)". FundingUniverse.com. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  25. ^ a b Şekerli 2021, p. 863.
  26. ^ "345 KILLED AS JUMBO JET DIVES INTO FRENCH FOREST IN HISTORY'S WORST CRASH". The New York Times. 4 March 1974. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  27. ^ "THY, 87 yılda küresel marka haline geldi". 25 June 2020. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  28. ^ Şekerli 2021, p. 865.
  29. ^ iha.com.tr. "Türk Hava Yolları'nın Chicago'da 20. yılı". İhlas Haber Ajansı (in Turkish). Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  30. ^ "Turkish Airlines signs sponsorship deal with Barcelona" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  31. ^ a b "THYAO, Qualiflyer Özel Yolcu Programı'ndan Ayrıldı". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 27 October 2000. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  32. ^ "Shareholding Structure". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  33. ^ "Turkish Airlines to join Star Alliance, Star Alliance board approves membership application" (Press release). Star Alliance. 9 December 2006. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  34. ^ "SKA will run airport operations in Mogadishu". Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  35. ^ "Turkish Airlines – Destinations and Frequencies". Turkishairlines.com. 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  36. ^ "Kotil: Sabiha Gökçen to become Turkish Airlines' secondary hub | Aviation Week Network". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  37. ^ "Turkish Airlines Builds its Network at Istanbul's Sabiha Gökçen Airport | Aviation Week Network". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  38. ^ Sumers, Brian (16 July 2016). "FAA Bans Turkish Airlines From Flying to the United States". Skift. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
  39. ^ Sumers, Brian (18 July 2016). "FAA Lifts Turkish Air Flight Ban". Skift. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  40. ^ Rundschau, Frankfurter (20 August 2016). "Fluggesellschaft in den roten Zahlen: Massiver Gewinn-Einbruch bei Turkish Airlines". Frankfurter Rundschau. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  41. ^ "Turkish Airlines W16 Europe/Short-Haul service changes as of 27AUG16". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  42. ^ "Turkish Airlines W16 inter-continental service changes as of 27AUG16". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  43. ^ "Turkish Airlines posts loss of $644 mln, revises target – Latest News". Hürriyet Daily News. 22 August 2016. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  44. ^ "THY 2017 FY Results" (PDF). Investor.turkishairlines.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  45. ^ "Turkish Airlines withdraws from Sabiha Gökcen int'l routes". ch-aviation. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  46. ^ aircargoworld.com – Turkish Cargo completes transition to new Istanbul Airport Archived 9 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine 8 February 2022
  47. ^ dailysabah.com – Turkish Cargo bids farewell to Atatürk Airport, shifts to new hub Archived 9 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine 8 February 2022
  48. ^ ch-aviation.com - Turkish Airlines moves ahead with AnadoluJet hive-off Archived 27 February 2023 at the Wayback Machine 27 February 2023
  49. ^ "Turkish Airlines debuts in Sydney with the arrival of its longest-ever flight". www.traveldailymedia.com. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
  50. ^ "Get in touch". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019. TURKISH AIRLINES HEADQUARTERS Turkish Airlines General Management Building, Ataturk Airport, Yesilkoy 34149 Istanbul Turkey – Map Archived 8 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ^ "THY Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı İlker Aycı istifa ediyor". Habertürk. 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  52. ^ "Ahmet Bolat THY Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı oldu". Sözcü. 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  53. ^ "Ahmet Bolat named new Turkish Airlines head as Aycı steps down". Daily Sabah. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  54. ^ Hofmann, Kurt (5 May 2017). "Turkish Airlines, Middle East Airlines to codeshare". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017.
  55. ^ "Turkish Airlines - Annual Reports". investor.turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  56. ^ "Financial Statements 2004" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013.
  57. ^ a b c d "Quarterly Traffic Data" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013.
  58. ^ "Financial Statements 2005" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  59. ^ "Financial Statements 2006" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  60. ^ "Financial Statements 2007" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  61. ^ "Financial Statements 2008" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  62. ^ "Quarterly Traffic Data 2008" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  63. ^ "Financial Statements 2009" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  64. ^ "Quarterly Traffic Data 2009" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  65. ^ "Financial Statements 2010" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  66. ^ "Quarterly Traffic Data 2010" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  67. ^ "Financial Statements 2011" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  68. ^ "Quarterly Traffic Data 2011" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  69. ^ a b "Financial Statements 2012" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  70. ^ a b "Quarterly Traffic Data 2012" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  71. ^ "Quarterly Traffic Data 2013" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
  72. ^ "2014 Annual Report" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  73. ^ "Independent Auditors 2015" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  74. ^ "Fact Sheet 2015" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  75. ^ "December 2015 traffic" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  76. ^ "THY 2016 Annual Report" (PDF). Investor.turkishairlines.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  77. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2017" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  78. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2018" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  79. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2019" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  80. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2020" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  81. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2021" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  82. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2022" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  83. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2023" (PDF). Turkish Airlines. 28 July 2024.
  84. ^ "Sayılarla Türk Hava Yolları". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  85. ^ Feride Cem (20 June 2022). "THY'nin uçakları dünya semalarında! Yeni hatlar açacağız". Sabah. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  86. ^ "Turkish Airline Codeshare Flights". www.turkishairlines.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  87. ^ "Turkish Airlines Codeshare Flights". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  88. ^ "Air Seychelles / Turkish Airlines Begins Codeshare Service From Jan 2023".
  89. ^ "THY ve AİRBALTİC ortak uçuş anlaşması imzaladı". www.dunya.com. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  90. ^ "Malindo / Turkish Airlines launches codeshare partnership from Sep 2017". Routesonline.com. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  91. ^ Blachly, Linda (8 May 2018). "Airline Routes-May 8, 2018". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Turkish Airlines and Belavia Belarusian Airlines signed a codeshare agreement, starting May 1, on Istanbul Ataturk-Minsk services operated by both airlines.
  92. ^ Liu, Jim (3 May 2018). "Turkish Airlines / Belavia begins codeshare partnership from May 2018". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  93. ^ "Acuerdo de código compartido con Turkish". Copaair.com. Archived from the original on 12 November 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  94. ^ Sahin, Tuba (23 September 2021). "Turkish, Finnish flag carriers sign codeshare deal". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  95. ^ "Turkish Airlines, Brazilian budget carrier GOL ink codeshare deal". Daily Sabah. 19 April 2022. Archived from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  96. ^ "Gulf Air, Turkish Airlines ink codeshare deal". Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  97. ^ "Türk Hava Yolları, Icelandair ile Ortak Uçuş Anlaşması İmzaladı. - Hava Sosyal Medya". 4 June 2023. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  98. ^ "Indigo signs codeshare agreement with Turkish Airlines". Moneycontrol.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  99. ^ "ITA Airways / Turkish Airlines begins codeshare service from late-Nov 2023". aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  100. ^ "Lufthansa codeshare partners". lufthansa.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  101. ^ "Lufthansa Group and Star Alliance partners". lufthansa.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  102. ^ Liu, Jim (26 November 2019). "Turkish Airlines extends Malaysia Airlines codeshare to Oceania from Nov 2019". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  103. ^ "Turkish Airlines / Miat Mongolian Begins Codeshare Service in Jan 2023". Aeroroutes. 9 January 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  104. ^ Bobon, Gabriel (29 July 2020). "Turkish Airlines și TAROM semnează acord de codeshare pe ruta Istanbul – București". Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  105. ^ Liu, Jim (2 April 2018). "Turkish Airlines / Uzbekistan Airways begins codeshare service from late-March 2018". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  106. ^ Liu, Jim (20 November 2018). "Uzbekistan Airways plans Turkish Airlines codeshare expansion in W18". Routesonline. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  107. ^ "Turkish Airlines và Vietnam Airlines ký kết hợp tác liên danh" [Turkish Airlines and Vietnam Airlines signed codeshare cooperation agreement]. Voice of Vietnam (in Vietnamese). 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  108. ^ "Partner Airlines". SWISS. 1 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  109. ^ "Star Alliance Partners". Austrian. 2 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  110. ^ "Our partner airlines and railways | Emirates Türkiye". Türkiye.
  111. ^ "Our Airline Partners | Loganair". www.loganair.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  112. ^ https://flywith.virginatlantic.com/gb/en/partner-airlines.html
  113. ^ a b "Fleet". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  114. ^ "Hakkımızda". AnadoluJet (in Turkish). Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  115. ^ Güntay Şimşek (11 October 2021). "THY uçak filosunu sadeleştiriyor". Habertürk. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  116. ^ Uğur Aslanhan (19 May 2021). "Türkiye'nin küresel markası THY 88 yaşında". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  117. ^ Albayrak 1983, p. 55.
  118. ^ Şekerli 2021, p. 854.
  119. ^ "Türk Hava Yolları - Yatırımcı İlişkileri". Turkish Airlines. 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021.
  120. ^ Ayas 1990, p. 29.
  121. ^ Ayas 1990, p. 30.
  122. ^ Kozlu 2007, p. 104–105.
  123. ^ "Yatırımcı İlişkileri — Tarihçe". Turkish Airlines. Archived from the original on 1 December 2013.
  124. ^ "THY'nin uçak sayısı 127'ye ulaştı". Dünya. 7 January 2009. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  125. ^ "THY'nin ilk Boeing 777'si geliyor". Hürriyet. 24 December 2008. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  126. ^ "THY, Boeing'e 7 uçak sipariş etti". İhlas News Agency. 28 July 2009. Archived from the original on 22 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  127. ^ "THY'den 117 uçak siparişi!". Habertürk. 15 March 2013. Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  128. ^ "THY'den dev bir sipariş daha". Hürriyet. 9 April 2013. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  129. ^ "THY'nin Boeing ve Airbus'a verdiği uçak siparişleri kesinleşti". Cumhuriyet. 9 March 2018. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  130. ^ İzzet Taşkıran (26 June 2019). "THY'nin 'rüya uçağı' İstanbul'da". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  131. ^ "Turkish Airlines set to order 600 aircraft, chairman says". Reuters. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  132. ^ Turkish Airlines’ Frequent Flyer Programme Over The Years Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  133. ^ Turkish Airlines – Miles&Smiles Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Turkishairlines.com. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
  134. ^ "Turkish Airlines Miles&Smiles: The Complete Guide – Forbes Advisor". www.forbes.com.
  135. ^ "Miles & Smiles Credit Cards in Turkey". Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  136. ^ "Miles & Smiles Co-branded bank card partnerships". Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  137. ^ "Miles & Smiles Credit Cards". Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  138. ^ "The New Turkish Airlines Miles&Smiles Premier Visa Signature® Card". uscards.turkishairlines.com.
  139. ^ "Turkish Airlines Corporate Club". Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  140. ^ "UATP Card". Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  141. ^ Türk Hava Yolları (c) 2015. "Turkish Airlines – News". Turkishairlines.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  142. ^ "Manchester United in Turkish Airlines sponsorship deal". BBC. 21 January 2010. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  143. ^ "Grateful for collaboration with Turkish Airlines". FC Barcelona. 16 November 2012. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  144. ^ "Turkish Airlines wird Premium-Airline-Partner von Borussia Dortmund (German)". Bvb.de. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  145. ^ "THY - Türk Hava Yolları - Basın Bülteni Detayı - thy.com". Turkishairlines.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  146. ^ "Turkish Airlines has entered into a partnership with Ligue 1 giant Olympique de Marseille". Goal.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  147. ^ "Villa announce partnership with Turkish Airlines for 2013–14". Avfc.co.uk (Press release). Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  148. ^ "Turkish Airlines and Sarajevo FC officially signed the contract. Maroon Club has a new general sponsor!". Fcsarajevo.ba/en (Press release). Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  149. ^ "Turkish Airlines adds Hannover 96 to soccer portfolio". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
  150. ^ "Movie archive" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012. [permanent dead link‍]
  151. ^ a b "Fly with the best" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  152. ^ "Caroline Wozniacki Movie" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  153. ^ a b "Feel like a star" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 19 December 2012. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  154. ^ "VIDEO: Messi and Drogba face off in new viral video". Independent.ie. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  155. ^ "Turkish Airlines and Euroleague basketball sign strategic partnership agreement" (Press release). euroleague.net. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
  156. ^ "The Heart of Basketball Will Beat in Turkey". Turkishairlines.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  157. ^ "Euroleague – THY işbirliği 2020'ye uzadı". Tr.eurosport.com. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  158. ^ "Illness-hit Tiger Woods leads Turkish Airlines Open pack". Hürriyet Daily News. 6 November 2013. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  159. ^ "Turkish Airlines joins UEFA EURO 2016 as Official Airline Partner". UEFA.org. 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  160. ^ "Turkish Airlines joins UEFA EURO 2016 as "Official Airline Partner"". Turkish Airlines. 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  161. ^ "Turkish Airlines Partners with Warner Bros. Pictures to Offer Fans a "Flight" into the World of "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice". 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  162. ^ Lazar, Shira (23 February 2016). "How Do You Make a Movie in Europe With Almost No Budget?". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  163. ^ "LBA Partners". Web.legabasket.it. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  164. ^ "TURKISH AIRLINES PARTNER UFFICIALE DI LEGA BASKET SERIE A" [Turkish Airlines official partner of the Lega Basket Serie A]. sporteconomy.it (in Italian). 14 September 2018. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  165. ^ "Turkish Airlines sponsors top Italian basketball league". yenisafak.com. 14 September 2018. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
  166. ^ "Centurions Drogheda United Celebrating Their 100th Year In Style". Pundit Arena. 3 August 2019. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  167. ^ "Turkish Airlines sign sponsorship deal with River Plate". Hürriyet Daily News. 3 August 2019. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  168. ^ Ergocun, Gökhan (5 September 2022). "Turkish Airlines to sponsor UEFA Champions League". Ankara. Anadolu Agency.
  169. ^ "Uçuş Korkusunu Yenme Programı". Archived from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  170. ^ "Turkish Airlines Annual Report 2010". Turkishairlines.com. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  171. ^ "Flight Academy | Turkish Airlines". www.turkishairlinesflightacademy.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  172. ^ "Flight Academy | Academy". www.turkishairlinesflightacademy.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
  173. ^ "Turkish Technic – Aircraft Maintenance". turkishtechnic.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  174. ^ Turkish Technic – Company Profile. Turkish Technic. Retrieved 20 November 2013. Archived 19 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  175. ^ Turkish Engine Center (in Turkish) Archived 9 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Turkish Technic. Retrieved on 16 December 2010.
  176. ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David. "Turkish Technic opens HABOM maintenance complex". Flight Global. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  177. ^ "Aircraft Maintenance Hangar Zone". İstanbul Airport. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  178. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  179. ^ "Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 100 TC-TAY Ankara". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  180. ^ "Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 100 TC-KOP Taurus Mts". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  181. ^ "Aircraft accident Douglas C-47A-5-DK TC-ETI Ankara-Esenboga". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  182. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
  183. ^ "Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 TC-JAO Izmir-Cumaovası Airport (ADB)". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  184. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  185. ^ "Accident Database". Airdisaster.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  186. ^ "Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 TC-JAP Istanbul-Yeşilköy Airport (IST) [Marmara Sea]". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  187. ^ "Aircraft accident Boeing 727-2F2 TC-JBH Isparta". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
  188. ^ "Aircraft accident Fokker F-28 Fellowship 1000 TC-JAT Ankara-Esenboğa Airport (ESB)". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  189. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-2F2 TC-JBR Ankara-Esenboga Airport (ESB)". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  190. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  191. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  192. ^ "Accident". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  193. ^ "Hijacker 'threatened to blow up jet'". CNN. 4 October 2006. Archived from the original on 3 November 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
  194. ^ "Turkish plane crash in Amsterdam". BBC News. 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  195. ^ "Faulty altimeter led to plane's reduced speed". Reuters. 6 May 2010. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  196. ^ "Faulty altimeter contributed to Turkish Airlines crash: officials". CBC News. 4 March 2009. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  197. ^ "Altimeter 'had role' in air crash". BBC News. 4 March 2009. Archived from the original on 15 March 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  198. ^ Hradecky, Simon (4 March 2015). "Accident: THY A333 at Kathmandu on Mar 4th 2015, runway excursion and nose gear collapse". The Aviation Herald. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  199. ^ "THY'nin "Göbeklitepe" uçağı parçalandı". www.airporthaber.com. 22 December 2016.
  200. ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: THY A320 at Istanbul on Apr 25th 2015, hard landing, go-around, engine problem, gear problem, gear collapse, runway excursion". Aviation Herald. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  201. ^ "Belarus' First Deputy Foreign Minister signs Book of Condolences at Kyrgyzstan's embassy". Belarusin Telegraph Agency. 17 January 2017. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  202. ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-412F TC-MCL Bishkek-Manas International Airport (FRU)". Aviation Safety Network. 16 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  203. ^ Hradecky, Simon (16 January 2017). "Crash: MyCargo B744 at Bishkek on Jan 16th 2017, impacted terrain on go around". The Aviation Herald. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  204. ^ @TurkishAirlines (16 January 2017). "Regarding the ACT Airlines accident in Kyrgyzstan". Twitter. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017.
  205. ^ Esfandiari, Sahar. "A Turkish Airlines Boeing 737 crashed off the runway when its front wheels collapsed during a bad weather landing". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  206. ^ Özen, Ege Buğra (2 March 2020). "Odessa'da pistten çıkan THY uçağı için karar verildi".

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turkish Airlines.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Airlines&oldid=1264147471"