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Tropical Storm Yagi (2018)

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This article is about the 2018 tropical storm. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Yagi and List of storms named Karding.
Tropical Storm Yagi (Karding)
Tropical Storm Yagi approaching China on August 12, 2018
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 6, 2018
ExtratropicalAugust 15, 2018
DissipatedAugust 16, 2018
Tropical storm
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds75 km/h (45 mph)
Lowest pressure990 hPa (mbar); 29.23 inHg
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds100 km/h (65 mph)
Lowest pressure983 hPa (mbar); 29.03 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities7 total
Damage$365 million (2018 USD)
Areas affectedChina, Taiwan, Philippines, and Korea
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season

Tropical Storm Yagi, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Karding, was a moderate but damaging tropical cyclone that was part of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season. Yagi (ヤギ, "Goat"), which refers to the constellation of Capricornus in Japanese, Yagi started its lifetime as an area of low-pressure, located southwest of Iwo To on August 1. The system struggled to intensify for five days until it was recognized as a depression by the JMA on August 7. JTWC later followed suit and went ahead to designate it as Tropical Depression 18W. It maintained its intensity due to easterly wind shear, despite the system being well organized. Both agencies upgraded into a tropical storm on the next day after showing winds of 35 knots.

Yagi later curved towards the northwest, battering with moderate wind shear. JTWC later reached its 1-minute peak intensity of 50 mph on August 12. Shortly after this, Yagi made landfall in Wenling in Zhenjiang, China. As it moved inland, JTWC continued tracking as an extratropical cyclone before issuing a final warning on August 16.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Yagi's origins are traced back to July 31, when it formed as a tropical disturbance near 18°00′N 136°00′E / 18.0°N 136.0°E / 18.0; 136.0.[1] On August 1, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring the disturbance that persisted 806 km (501 mi) southwest of Iwo To. The system had a broad area of low level clouds circulating below flaring thunderstorms—or atmospheric convection—possessing adequate divergence aloft and situating over warm sea surface temperatures of 28–29 °C (82–84 °F) and low vertical wind shear—conditions which are favorable for tropical cyclogenesis.[2] At 06:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) recognized it as a low-pressure area, before deeming it too weak early the next day. The JMA then categorized it again on August 4, before last noting it for the second time until August 5 as it was nearly stationary.[1][3] By August 6, the JMA reported that the system had intensified into a tropical depression east of the Philippines and had began moving westward.[4] PAGASA had also began tracking the system as it was within its responsibility area, giving it the local name Karding.[5] At 18:00 UTC of that day, the JTWC designated the system Tropical Depression 18W, though it was characterized as having a poorly-defined center and being unorganized.[6]

During August 7, the system began forming rainbands into its fully-exposed center, though its convection was displaced to the west by an increase of wind shear. Its motion was influenced by a weak near-equatorial ridge it binded with to the southeast.[7] However, the wind shear was somewhat offset by diffluence in the upper troposphere, allowing deep convection to intensify, as multiple mesovortices in the center were apparent on satellite imagery.[8] As it continued to battle vertical wind shear with equatorward outflow, the system moved erratically in a north-northwestward direction while 948 km (589 mi) south-southeast of Kadena Air Base, Japan.[9] By 00:00 UTC of August 8, the JMA reported that the tropical depression had intensified into a tropical storm, assigning it the name Yagi.[4] The JTWC followed suit in upgrading the system six hours later due to a scatterometer pass, as Yagi turned east-northeast due to being in between the near-equatorial ridge and a subtropical ridge.[10] On August 9, Yagi again turned north-northwestward along the southwestern edge of the subtropical ridge, with thunderstorms beginning to bloom very close to the center.[11] Later on, a dense overcast partially obscures the center over marginal environmental conditions, as outflow continued to improve.[12] Despite sea surface temperatures remaining high, Yagi was over a region of low ocean heat.[13]

On August 10, Yagi briefly became nearly stationary while slowly moving west-southwestward, with convection concentrated over the southwest quadrant,[14] though it resumed its original northwestward track.[15] Nascent thunderstorms then began broadening over the western flank of the storm, despite persistent high wind shear.[16] Moreover, radar imagery revealed fragmented deep banding wrapping into the storm's center as it shifted westward.[17] Around 01:00 UTC on August 11, PAGASA reported that Yagi had exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[5] At 12:00 UTC, the JMA reported that Yagi had attained its peak intensity, estimating maximum sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) and the lowest atmospheric pressure of 990 hPa (29.23 inHg).[4] A tropical upper tropospheric trough cell to the north-northwest enhanced poleward outflow, allowing for additional intensification in conjunction with warm waters.[18] At 12:00 UTC in August 12, the JTWC reported that Yagi had attained 1-minute maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h (50 mph) while 285 km (177 mi) north-northeast of Taipei, Taiwan.[19] At 15:35 UTC, Yagi made landfall over the coast of Wenling, Zhejiang, China,[20] prompting the JTWC to issue its final warning at 18:00 UTC.[21] Yagi then began to weaken during August 13 due to land interaction.[22] At 00:00 UTC, Yagi had weaken into a tropical depression, according to the JMA and JTWC.[4][23] The system then recurved eastward on August 14 and entered the Bohai Sea—where it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 06:00 UTC of August 15—turning southward and then southwestward before fully dissipating 24 hours later on August 16.[4]

Impact

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Although Yagi (Karding) didn't make landfall in the Philippines, the storm enhanced the southwest monsoon which brought extreme flooding towards many regions within the country. According to the NDRRMC, 5 people died along with ₱996 million (US$19 million) worth of damages.[24] In East China, Yagi killed a total of 3 people and total damages were counted to be CN¥2.51 billion (US$367 million).[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Young, Steve (September 5, 2018). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks July 2018". Australian Severe Weather. Retrieved March 4, 2025.
  2. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 06Z 1 August 2018 (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 1, 2018. Archived from the original on May 23, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2025.
  3. ^ Warning and Summary 051800 (TXT) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 5, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  4. ^ a b c d e Annual Report on the Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2018 (PDF) (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  5. ^ a b Duran, Samuel F.; Galang, Juanito S.; Gile, Robb P.; Reyes, Sheilla Mae R.; Tolentino, Jerome T. (June 2020). DOST-PAGASA Annual Report on Philippine Tropical Cyclones 2018 (PDF) (Report). Quezon City, Philippines: Government of the Republic of the Philippines Department of Science and Technology: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration. p. 58. ISSN 2672-3190. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  6. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 18W (Eighteen) Warning No. 1 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 6, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  7. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 18W (Eighteen) Warning No. 2 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 7, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  8. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 18W (Eighteen) Warning No. 3 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 7, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  9. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 18W (Eighteen) Warning No. 5 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 7, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  10. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 7 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 8, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  11. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 10 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  12. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 12 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  13. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 13 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 15 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 10, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  15. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 17 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 10, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 18 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 11, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  17. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 19 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 11, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  18. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 20 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 11, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 24 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 12, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  20. ^ a b Member Report [China] ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 13th Integrated Workshop (PDF) (Report). Chiang Mai, Thailand: ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. November 5–9, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025.
  21. ^ Tropical Storm 18W (Yagi) Warning No. 25 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 12, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  22. ^ Reasoning No. 24 for TS 1814 Yagi (1814) (TXT) (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 13, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2025 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  23. ^ Chu, J. H.; Levine, A.; Daida, S.; Schiber, D.; Fukada, E.; Sampson, C. R. 2018 Western North Pacific Ocean Best Track Data (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  24. ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap August 2018" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 7, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
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