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Tropical Storm Trami (2024)

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This article is about the tropical storm in 2024. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Trami and List of storms named Kristine.
Severe Tropical Storm Trami (Kristine)
Trami impacting the Philippines on October 22
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 19, 2024
Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds95 km/h (60 mph)
Lowest pressure985 hPa (mbar); 29.09 inHg
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds85 km/h (50 mph)
Lowest pressure986 hPa (mbar); 29.12 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities32+
Injuries7+
Missing8+
Damage>$21.7 million (2024 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season

Severe Tropical Storm Trami, known in the Philippines as Severe Tropical Storm Kristine, is currently an active tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific Ocean, affecting the Philippines in October 2024. The twentieth named storm of the annual typhoon season, Trami developed into a low-pressure area and later into a tropical depression west of Guam on October 19, moving westward along the southern periphery. After entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility, PAGASA named the depression Kristine on October 20. The storm was embedded within a larger trough that extended from the Philippine Islands eastward almost to Guam. Early the next day, satellite imagery showed that the depression was exposed, displaying elongated circulation and convective bands wrapping around its center. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) upgraded the system to a tropical storm, naming it Trami, as spiral bands of deep convection formed around the low-level circulation, while Trami's central dense overcast became sheared and displaced from its central circulation. By October 23, the JMA reported that Trami had intensified into a severe tropical storm as it moved west-northwestward and made landfall in Divilacan, Isabela. The next day, it emerged over the coastal waters of southern Ilocos Sur, with surface observations and radar data revealing that the storm had undergone a lee-side jump, leaving the remnants of its circulation center over Northern Luzon while mid-level rotation shifted into the eastern South China Sea.

PAGASA forecast that the wind flow directed towards the storm will bring strong to gale-force winds to several regions in the Philippines, prompting the issuance of Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals for various areas. A red alert warning has been specifically issued for the Bicol Region, the Cordillera Administrative Region, and the Ilocos Region, while officials from Batanes and Ilocos Norte have expressed concerns about potential further damage to their provinces, as they are still recovering from Typhoon Krathon in 2024. In Albay, 413 mm (16.3 in) of rain fell in just 17 hours, the highest since Typhoon Durian in 2006, while in Daet, Camarines Norte, PAGASA recorded 528.5 mm (20.81 in) of rain from Trami, marking the highest 24-hour rainfall since the 1920s and surpassing the previous record of 507.5 mm (19.98 in) set in December 2000. Overall, Trami was responsible for 32 deaths, with eight people reported missing and seven others injured, causing approximately US$21.7 million in damages in the Philippines.

Meteorological history

[edit]
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Severe Tropical Storm Trami can be traced back to October 19, when the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported a low-pressure area located 633 km (394 mi) west of Guam.[1] The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) described it as a very weak vortex with light winds wrapping around the circulation, along with deep moisture fields to the southwest beginning to encircle the vortex.[2] The low-pressure area later moved westward slowly before it was designated as a tropical depression by the JMA.[3] At 15:00 UTC that day, the JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, indicating a consolidating low-level circulation center bounded by formative convective banding wrapping around its northern and southern edges.[4] The depression was moving westward along the southern periphery of a mid-level subtropical high, which made it favorable for tropical cyclogenesis due to low vertical wind shear, warm sea surface temperatures, and high ocean heat content.[5] The following day, the JTWC designated the system as 22W, as low-level banding wrapped into the circulation center, with a tightly curved convective band wrapping along the eastern edge of the circulation.[6]

After entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the depression was named Kristine by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) at 05:00 PHT on October 21 (21:00 UTC on October 20) and was embedded within the larger trough that extended from the Philippine Islands eastward almost to Guam.[7][8] Early the next day, satellite imagery revealed that the depression was exposed, featuring elongated circulation and convective bands wrapping around the center.[9] At 18:00 UTC that day, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it Trami,[10] with spiral bands of deep convection starting to wrap around the low-level circulation.[11] Trami was moving westward along the southern edge of a mid-level subtropical high, developing spiral bands of deep convection that wrapped around a partly exposed low-level circulation center just east of Luzon Island,[12] while its deep convective banding was displaced over the southwestern quadrant due to northeasterly vertical wind shear.[13] As Trami approached Luzon, its central dense overcast (CDO) became sheared and displaced from its central circulation,[14] featuring moderate upper-level outflow and a partially exposed circulation center located to the northeast of the primary broad central convection.[15] At around 06:00 UTC on October 23, the JMA reported that Trami had intensified into a severe tropical storm as it was moving west-northwestward along the southwestern edge of a mid-level subtropical high,[16] with deep convection developing in the southwestern quadrant of a broad, partially exposed low-level circulation.[17] At 12:30 AM PHT on October 24 (16:30 UTC on October 23), the storm made landfall in Divilacan, Isabela,[18][19] where it exhibited a circular CDO characterized by fragmented convection as it moved across central Luzon.[20] The following day, Trami emerged above the coastal waters of southern Ilocos Sur,[21] with surface observations and radar data revealing that the storm had undergone a lee-side jump, leaving the remnants of a circulation center over Northern Luzon while mid-level rotation shifted into the eastern South China Sea.[22]

Preparations

[edit]

PAGASA stated that the wind flow directed towards the circulation of the storm will bring strong to gale-force winds to several regions in the Philippines.[7] Shortly after upgrading the storm, PAGASA issued Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal No. 1 for various areas, including Biliran, Batanes, Burias Island, Dinagat Islands, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Masbate, Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Romblon, Sorsogon, Samar, Southern Leyte, Siargao, Surigao del Norte (including Bucas Grande Islands), and Ticao Island.[23] After Trami developed into a tropical storm, PAGASA raised Signal No. 2 for Abra, Albay, Apayao, Babuyan Islands, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Metro Manila, Pampanga, Quezon (including Polillo Islands and Lubang Islands), Rizal, the northern portion of Eastern Samar, as well as the northeastern portion of Northern Samar and Sorsogon.[24] On October 23, the agency also added the whole province of Aklan, Antique (including Caluya Islands), Bohol, Capiz, Cebu (including Bantayan Islands and Camotes Islands), Guimaras and Iloilo, as well as the northern portion of Negros Occidental; Negros Oriental; and Palawan (including Calamian Islands, Cuyo Islands, and Kalayaan Islands) to signal no. 1 due to the effects of Trami.[25] After the storm reached the severe tropical storm category, the agency raised Signal No. 3, indicating an expectation of winds of 89–117 km/h (55–73 mph) within the next 18 hours for Benguet, Ifugao, Isabela, Kalinga, La Union, Mountain Province, Nueva Vizcaya, Pangasinan, Quirino, the central portion of Abra, the northern and central portions of Aurora, the northern portion of Nueva Ecija; Tarlac; and Zambales, the southern portion of Cagayan, and the central and southern portions of Ilocos Sur.[26] PAGASA issued storm surge warnings for portions of Albay, Aurora, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Catanduanes, Isabela, Quezon, and Camarines Sur.[27] According to the NDRRMC, 24,988 people were preemptively evacuated.[28]

Tropical Storm Trami approaching the Philippines on October 21

A red alert warning has been issued for the Bicol Region,[29] the Cordillera Administrative Region,[30] and the Ilocos Region.[31] Classes in some parts of Bulacan,[32] Bohol, Cavite, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Laguna, Metro Manila, Quezon, Sorsogon, Negros Occidental, Northern Samar,[33] and Oriental Mindoro were suspended due to the storm.[34] Following this, the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council activated all response clusters, urging communities to take necessary precautions in preparation for Trami.[35] Orange rainfall warnings were also issued for Eastern Samar, Samar, Biliran, the northern portion of Leyte, and northern Cebu, with PAGASA cautioning that flooding could occur in low-lying areas.[36] The Office of Civil Defense anticipates that the storm will affect approximately 30 million individuals across different regions and has announced that it has initiated the Charlie protocol—its highest level of emergency readiness—in seven areas due to these anticipated effects.[37][38] The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology also raised lahar advisories for Mayon Volcano.[39] Officials from Batanes and Ilocos Norte expressed concern about the potential for further damage to their provinces due to the expected impact of the storm, especially since these areas were still recovering from Typhoon Krathon (Julian) in 2024.[40] The Magat, Ipo, San Roque, Ambuklao and Binga Dams opened spillways as a precaution.[41]

The Department of Agriculture urged farmers to harvest their rice in wake of the storm.[42] The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) banned sea travel in the three provinces of Samar island, with the greatest loss travel going to island communities.[43] Regional offices in Bicol also prepared family food packs in wake of the storm.[44] The PCG stated that 8,786 people were stranded in ports across the country, including 162 people in Southern Tagalog, 2,450 in Bicol, 2,109 in Eastern Visayas, and 490 in Central Visayas.[45][46][47] In Sorsogon, the Kasanggayahan Festival was canceled,[48] while the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the University Athletic Association of the Philippines postponed sports competitions scheduled on October 23-25.[49][50][51] Several airports across the country received disruption, while at least 51 flight cancelations were reported,[52] stranding more than 1,000 passengers.[53] Schools and non-essential government offices in Luzon were suspended on October 23-25.[54][55][56] Multiple trips originating from the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange were cancelled following the storm.[57] The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority suspended number coding in Metro Manila on October 23-25.[58][59] The Professional Regulation Commission postponed the Certified Public Accountants Licensure Exam due to the storm's impact on both testing centers and examinees.[60]

Impact

[edit]
Trees swaying caused by Trami in Eastern Samar

Heavy rains were reported in the Visayas, Mindanao, and parts of Luzon due to the storm's trough.[61] In Bacolod, over 281 residents from two barangays were evacuated due to flash floods triggered by heavy rains from the storm,[62] while 316 families were evacuated in Negros Occidental.[52] Trami also caused flooding in Sorsogon, Catanduanes, and Northern Samar.[63] Heavy rains from Trami have caused flash floods in several regions within the provinces of Maguindanao del Sur, Maguindanao del Norte, and Sultan Kudarat.[64] Nearly all of Naga, Camarines Sur was submerged in floodwaters reaching up to 6 ft (1.8 m),[65] leading to forced evacuations after the Naga River reached critical level.[66] Trami caused heavy rainfall that led to landslides in Bato, Catanduanes,[67] and heavy flooding in Albay,[68] where 413 mm (16.3 in) of rain fell within 17 hours, the highest since Typhoon Durian (Reming) in 2006,[69] and the equivalent of two months of average precipitation.[70] In Daet, Camarines Norte, PAGASA recorded the highest 24-hour rainfall since the 1920s, with Trami dumping 528.5 mm (20.81 in) of rain and surpassing the previous record of 507.5 mm (19.98 in) set in December 2000.[71] Officials in Naga said that around 700 mm (28 in) of rain fell on the city, equivalent to 2.5 months of average precipitation, causing floods from the Bicol River basin that affected 30% of its territory and 70% of its population.[72] Trami brought torrential rainfall over a 24-hour period, leading to what could be considered the worst flooding in the Bicol Region since 1969.[73] A storm surge inundated six barangays in Lingayen, Pangasinan.[74]

A drone shot captures rice fields flooded after the onslaught of Trami in Camarines Sur

A person was reported missing after their banca broke down in the waters near Merida, Leyte,[75] while his two companions were rescued in Pilar, Cebu.[46] Another person also went missing in the sinking of a banca in Obando, Bulacan, while nine others were rescued.[76] A three-month-old baby in Zamboanga City died after falling while being evacuated from their home due to strong waves.[77] A landslide blocked a road in Calanasan, Apayao, while strong winds were experienced in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, and heavy rainfall and flooding were reported in Pili, Camarines Sur.[78] Several power lines in Luzon and the Visayas have been disconnected, as determined by the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines.[79] At least 970,814 customers lost power, while damages to electrical infrastructure reached ₱971,410.6 (US$19,724.07).[80] In Dolores, Eastern Samar, strong winds nearly toppled several trees, and schools in Jipapad were flooded.[77] In Guinobatan, Albay, two individuals were confirmed dead, and one was reported missing. Some roads in the area were impassable due to a lahar flow from Mayon Volcano.[81] At least three villages were partially covered by lahar from Mayon Volcano after heavy rainfall from Trami.[82] Three people were killed in separate incidents in Naga, Masbate and Catanduanes, while six others were injured in Paracale, Camarines Norte and one person went missing in Iriga, Camarines Sur.[83] Fifty houses were destroyed by strong waves in Sibuco, Zamboanga del Norte,[52] while several cottages were also destroyed along the coast of San Juan, La Union.[84] In Surigao City, ten houses were destroyed along with hundreds of cottages by waves with a height of up to 10 ft (3.0 m).[85] In Batangas, at least 6,034 people were evacuated, while the Batangas Provincial Hospital in Lemery halted patient admissions after floodwaters entered its wards and emergency room.[86] Two Bicol University campuses sustained major damage to fields, windows, and other important parts,[87] while Naga Cathedral was submerged in floodwaters reaching waist levels.[88] Multiple places across Bicol sustained chest-high flood waters, with multiple calls for help.[89] In Bula, Camarines Sur, trapped residents accused private rescuers of charging fees of up to ₱5,000 (US$101.52) before they can be evacuated by boat.[90]

In Manila, one person was killed by a falling tree branch. Two people drowned in separate incidents in Quezon,[91] where floods reached a depth of 10 ft (3.0 m).[92] A total of 101,148 people were displaced in Camarines Sur alone,[93] while 17,000 were displaced in Albay[94] and 11,000 in Quezon.[95] Sixty people were evacuated in Palanan, while 316 were evacuated from the coast near Divilacan.[96] More than 3,800 people were evacuated in Cagayan,[97] while 1,438 were evacuated in Ilagan. A landslide partially blocked a section of the Nueva Vizcaya-Benguet road in Kayapa.[98] In Tuguegarao, around 3.230 ha (7.98 acres) of crops were destroyed.[99] Around 1,104 people were evacuated in Rizal.[100] At least seven houses on Apo Island in Dauin, Negros Oriental, were destroyed by strong winds and massive waves.[101] Eight-four houses in Catanduanes, Masbate and Camarines Norte were destroyed while 857 others were damaged.[93] At least four houses in Sagay, Camiguin and three others in Cagayan de Oro were also destroyed.[102] Some areas in Metro Manila were experiencing flooding as a result of the storm,[103] resulting in the evacuation of 588 people in Malabon and five families in Marikina.[104] A second alarm warning was raised in the Marikina River after its water level reached 16.8 m (55 ft).[105] In General Luna, Quezon, the mayor described the floods as the worst to hit the town since Typhoon Angela (Rosing) in 1995.[106]

As of October 25, 2024, the NDRRMC reported that 2,656,446 people were affected, with 319,697 displaced from their homes, while 196 cities experienced power outages and 1,323 houses were damaged; moreover, floods are still affecting at least 344 areas across the country.[107] The estimated damage to infrastructure was ₱1.53 million (US$30,964.47), with telecommunications outages reported in 31 municipalities;[28] additionally, at least five people were injured and seven others were reported missing.[108] The Bicol Region was most affected, accounting for 1,669,507 of the affected individuals, followed by Bangsamoro with 351,913 people and Mimaropa with 24,748.[45] The Department of Agriculture estimates a higher damage toll for the agricultural sector, reaching over ₱9.75 million (US$197,969.54).[109] At least four public schools were flooded, while 37,375 schools nationwide were closed, affecting around 19.1 million students.[107] At least 223 classrooms were destroyed while 415 others were damaged, resulting in costs of up to ₱1.06 billion (US$21.52 million).[110] Ninety seaports also suspended operations, while 375 sections of road and 68 bridges were rendered impassable.[28] Six bridges in Isabela and one in Quirino were rendered impassible due to increased water levels.[111][112] Two cargo vessels ran aground in the Port of Batangas,[113] while two others ran aground off Minglanilla, Cebu and San Agustin, Romblon respectively. A dredger ran aground off Binmaley, Pangasinan.[114][115] Globe Telecom reported outages affecting 75% to 92% of customers in Catanduanes, Camarines Sur, Albay, and Camarines Norte.[116] At least 32 people in the Philippines have been reported dead due to the storm, with 20 fatalities in Bicol and six resulting from flooding incidents in Batangas.[117][118]

Aftermath

[edit]
Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (DG ECHO) daily situation map for the Philippines on October 23

The local government unit of Naga and former Vice President Leni Robredo urgently appealed for trucks, pump boats, and other resources to assist in rescuing flood victims affected by Trami.[119] Robredo mobilized her Angat Buhay Foundation to support the residents of Naga.[120] President Bongbong Marcos announced that the government would extend all support to Naga and other regions in Camarines Sur impacted by Trami.[121] Marcos announced that sites under the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement across the country would be used for relief and rescue efforts in areas affected by Trami.[122] House Speaker Martin Romualdez coordinated the request for the immediate release of ₱390 million (US$7.92 million) in cash aid, which will be distributed to those affected by the storm.[123] Citizens on social media demanded accountability from President Marcos, who expressed feeling "a little helpless" and admitted that the government was unprepared to provide food for stranded passengers.[124]

The Office of the Vice President has commenced delivering assistance and relief operations to residents severely impacted by Trami.[125] The Department of Social Welfare and Development reported that it has delivered over ₱55.2 million (US$1.12 million) in humanitarian aid to families impacted by the storm.[126] A state of calamity has been declared in several provinces,[127] including Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Cavite, Masbate, and Sorsogon,[53] as well as parts of Eastern Samar and the municipalities of Tagkawayan, Quezon and Magpet, Cotabato,[128] due to the severe impact of the storm.[129][130]

A price freeze was issued in areas placed under a state of calamity following the storm, covering important and local goods.[131] The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority deployed clearing and search-and-rescue teams to assist areas in the Bicol Region affected by heavy rains and floods from Trami,[132] while the Philippine Red Cross was preparing to dispatch a water tanker and a food truck to Albay.[133] The Philippine Basketball Association announced that proceeds from the first game of the 2024 PBA Governors' Cup final, scheduled for October 27, would be donated to help victims of Trami, while the girl group BINI has also launched a donation drive to support those affected.[134][135]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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