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Tropical Storm Gaemi (2012)

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Severe Tropical Storm Gaemi (Marce)
Severe Tropical Storm Gaemi near peak intensity on October 3
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 29, 2012
DissipatedOctober 7, 2012
Severe tropical storm
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds95 km/h (60 mph)
Lowest pressure990 hPa (mbar); 29.23 inHg
Tropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds100 km/h (65 mph)
Lowest pressure982 hPa (mbar); 29.00 inHg
Overall effects
Casualties6 dead, 1 missing
Damage$4.1 million (2012 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
IBTrACS / [1]
Part of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season

Severe Tropical Storm Gaemi, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Marce, was an erratic tropical cyclone which affected the Philippines and Vietnam in early October 2012. The twentieth named storm of the 2012 Pacific typhoon season, Gamei originated as an area of convection over the central South China Sea on September 29. The system went northeastward and slowly gaining strength. On October 1, the depression became Tropical Storm Gaemi while turned southeastward. Gaemi briefly attained severe tropical storm statue on October 3, but weakened back to a tropical storm later that day. On the next day, Gaemi turned west-southwest and continued to slowly weakened. The storm made landfall in southern Vietnam on October 6 and weakened to a tropical depression shortly after landfall. Gaemi dissipated on the next day over Cambodia.

As Gaemi meandered over the West Philippine Sea, it enhanced the southwest monsoon and brought rainfall to western Luzon and caused flooding. Storm surge in the region damaged houses and flooded bridges. Gaemi then struck southern Vietnam as a minimal tropical storm, and brought strong winds and heavy rainfall. Landslides occurred in Phú Yên province and blocked roads and bridges. The South Central Coast suffered from extensive crop damage. In total, Gaemi killed six people and left one other missing.[2][3] Damage related to the storm was $4.12 million (2012 USD).[4]

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On September 29, an area of convection presisted over the central South China Sea. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) designated it as a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC.[1] The center was well-organized with convection increased over the center.[5] The system slowly drifted northeastward and continued to consolidate, which prompted the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the next day.[6] At 12:00 UTC October 1, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, and assigned the name Gaemi.[1] The JTWC initiated advisory on Tropical Depression 21W three hours later, as deep convection formed over the southeast of the center. It benefited from warm sea surface temperature of 30 °C (86 °F) and good equatorward outflow. Steering current remained weak because a mid-latitude trough weakened a subtropical ridge over the southeastern China, and Gaemi remained almost stationary.[7] Despite lacking deep convection over the northern part of the center, a scatterometer passed by and revealed that the system attained gale-force winds. As such, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm at 21:00 UTC.[8] Gaemi gradually strengthened under low wind shear and good equatorward outflow. The storm started to move southeastward as steered by a near-equatorial ridge to its south.[9]

On October 2, Gaemi entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) began tracking the system and gave the local name Marce.[10] Poleward outflow improved later that day, and Gaemi developed a central dense overcast.[11] At 06:00 UTC October 3, Gaemi attained severe tropical storm status and attained peak intensity with winds of 95 km/h (60 mph) and a barometric pressure of 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) concurrently.[1] However, the peak of Gaemi was short-lived as wind shear increased. Gaemi weakened to a tropical storm 12 hours later.[1] Deep convection was sheared to the west, and the center became fully exposed.[12] The storm turned sharply to the west on October 4, under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north.[13] Wind shear remained strong on October 5. The center was slightly elongated and remained fully exposed with deep convection being sheared to the west while moving west-southwest.[14] Later that day, Gaemi left the PAR, and the PAGASA ceased monitoring the system.[15] On October 6, Gaemi re-strengthened slightly as large area of deep convection concealed part of the center.[16] At 18:00 ICT (11:00 UTC), Gaemi made landfall in Phú Yên province, near Tuy Hòa, as a minimal tropical storm.[17][18][nb 1] It weakened to a tropical depression just an hour after landfall.[1] The JTWC issued its final advisory on the system later that day,[19] though the JMA continued to track it. Gaemi dissipated on the next day over western Cambodia.[1]

Preparations and impact

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A disorganized Tropical Storm Gaemi approaching Vietnam on October 5

Philippines

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As Gaemi approached the western Philippines, the PAGASA issued the PSWS #1 for Bataan and Zambales on October 3.[20] The signals were cancelled on October 5 (local time) as Gaemi began to move away from the country.[21] The government urged fishing vessels and other small ships to avoid going to the waters of western Luzon. Although Gaemi remained offshore, it enhanced the southwest monsoon and brought rainfall to Luzon. Many places in Metro Manila were affected by flooding. School classes in Calabarzon, Metro Manila and Central Luzon were suspended.[22] 65 people were stranded in Cagayan, while another 32 were stranded in Isabela, due to adverse weather.[23] Flooding were reported in Bataan and Zambales, but damages were minimal.[24] A Storm surge slapped Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro, which destroyed five houses and damaged 23 others. 265 people were affected. A bridge in Sablayan was also affected and closed.[25] Another storm surge hit San Antonio, Zambales. 23 houses were damaged and 32 people were affected.[3] In Mariveles, Bataan, 14 students were trapped when they were mountaineering the Mount Mariveles. They were rescued by the Mariveles Rescue Team, Paramedics and the Philippine National Police. Two motorboats carrying three fishermen were capsized off the coast of Nasugbu, Batangas. One of the fishermen was found dead along the coast of Nasugbu.[2][3] Overall impacts of Gaemi in the Philippines was minor.[3]

Vietnam

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In advance of Gaemi, people and soldiers built an emergency dike on the coast of Hương Trà. The cost of the dike was 200 million đồng (US$9,600) and was 200 m (660 ft) long.[26] Seven provinces, mainly in the South Central Coast were affected by Gaemi. The government evacuated 20,000 people lived in Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, and Phú Yên provinces. Heavy rains lashed Phú Yên province and excessive waters in a hydropower reservoir was discharged.[27] Lý Sơn Island recorded sustained winds of 61 km/h (38 mph) with a gust of 76 km/h (47 mph). An Nhơn recorded sustained winds of 50 km/h (31 mph) with a gust of 65 km/h (40 mph), while Quy Nhon recorded sustained winds of 47 km/h (29 mph) with a gust of 58 km/h (36 mph).[28] Rainfalls in South Central Coast reached 80–100 mm (3.1–3.9 in). An Khê recorded 256 mm (10.1 in), the highest rainfall across the country. Tuy Hòa and Ba Tơ district recorded rainfall of 133 mm (5.2 in) and 128 mm (5.0 in) respectively.[29] Extensive crops damage were reported in Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi provinces. In Phù Ninh district, a young man was swept away by floodwaters and went missing. Landslides were reported in Phú Yên province. Bridges and roads were blocked. 490 houses were flooded in Ea Súp district. Nearly 1,800 ha (4,400 acres) of crops were damaged, while 12 ha (30 acres) of fish pounds were lost, resulted in a damage of 5 billion đồng (US$240,000). Another young man died after falling into a stream in Ea H'leo district.[30] A total of 263 ha (650 acres) of rice field and 2,367 ha (5,850 acres) of crops were damaged by Gaemi. Preliminary loss from the storm was calculated at 35 billion đồng (US$1.7 million).[31] Across the country, Gaemi killed five people, injured four and left one other missing. 7.862 people were affected by the storm. 16 houses were collapsed or washed away, while 103 others were damaged. Total damage in Vietnam reached 86.1 billion đồng (US$4.1 million).[4]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The NCHMF stated that Gaemi weakened to a tropical depression shortly before landfall, while the JMA still classified Gaemi as a tropical storm when it made landfall.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Tropical Storm Gaemi (1220) (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track). Japan Meteorological Agency. October 31, 2012. Archived from the original on October 31, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "1 dead as tropical storm `Marce' moves farther away from PH". INQUIRER.net. October 5, 2012. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d Ramos, Benito Ramos T. (October 7, 2012). SitRep No. 07 re Effects of Tropical Storm "Marce" (Gaemi) (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (Report). Retrieved December 21, 2023.[permanent dead link‍] Alt URL
  4. ^ a b Bảng thống kê thiệt hại do thiên tai năm 2012 [Table of damage statistics caused by natural disasters in 2012] (PDF). National Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (Report) (in Vietnamese). August 25, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2025. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
  5. ^ "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans, 0600Z 29 September 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 29, 2012. Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  6. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 95W)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. September 30, 2012. Archived from the original on October 1, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  7. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 21W Warning Number 1, 1500Z October 1, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 1, 2012. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  8. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning Number 2, 2100Z October 1, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 1, 2012. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  9. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning Number 4, 0900Z October 2, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 2, 2012. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  10. ^ "Tropical Storm "Marce" (Gaemi): Weather Bulletin Number One: 1500Z October 2, 2012". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. October 2, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  11. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning Number 6, 2100Z October 2, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 2, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  12. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning Number 11, 0300Z October 4, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 4, 2012. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  13. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning Number 12, 0900Z October 4, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 4, 2012. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  14. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning Number 16, 0900Z October 5, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 5, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  15. ^ "Tropical Storm "Marce" (Gaemi): Weather Bulletin Number Eleven (Final): 1500Z October 5, 2012". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. October 5, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  16. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning Number 19, 0300Z October 6, 2012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. October 6, 2012. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  17. ^ "热带风暴"格美"登陆越南南部绥和市沿海" [Tropical Storm Gaemi hits the coast of Tuy Hoa in southern Vietnam]. 中国天气网 (in Chinese (China)). October 6, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  18. ^ National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (November 2012). 7th Integrated Workshop Member Report : Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (PDF) (Report). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. p. 9–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2014.
  19. ^ Tropical Storm 21W (Gaemi) Warning No. 21 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 6 October 2012. Archived from the original on October 7, 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
  20. ^ "Tropical Storm "Marce" (Gaemi): Weather Bulletin Number Three: 0900Z October 3, 2012". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. October 3, 2012. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  21. ^ "Tropical Storm "Marce" (Gaemi): Weather Bulletin Number Nine: 2100Z October 4, 2012". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. October 4, 2012. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  22. ^ Flores, Helen; Alquitran, Non (October 4, 2012). "Storm 'Marce' drenches Metro". PhilStar. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  23. ^ "NDRRMC: At least 65 stranded due to Tropical Storm 'Marce'". GMA News. October 3, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  24. ^ Romero, Alexis (October 5, 2012). "'Marce' moves away, has minimal impact". PhilStar. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  25. ^ "NDRRMC: 265 affected by storm surge in Mindoro due to 'Marce'". GMA News. October 6, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  26. ^ "Đắp khẩn cấp đoạn đê biển xung yếu nhất TT-Huế" [Emergency construction of the most vulnerable sea dike section in TT-Hue]. Báo Dân trí (in Vietnamese). October 5, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  27. ^ "Miền Trung đã chủ động, khoa học khi ứng phó với bão số 7" [The Central region has been proactive and scientific in responding to storm No. 7]. Disaster Management Policy and Technology Center (in Vietnamese). October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  28. ^ "Đặc điểm Khí tượng thuỷ văn năm 2012" [Hydrometeorological Summary 2012] (PDF). National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (in Vietnamese). Hanoi, Vietnam. 2013. p. 31. Retrieved March 3, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ "Tin cuối cùng về cơn bão số 7" [Latest news about storm No. 7]. Tập đoàn Điện lực Việt Nam (in Vietnamese). October 6, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  30. ^ "Các địa phương tiếp tục khắc phục hậu quả bão số 7" [Localities continue to overcome the consequences of storm No. 7]. Báo Thái Nguyên (in Vietnamese). October 8, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  31. ^ "Bão lũ gây thiệt hại gần 35 tỉ đồng" [Storms and floods cause nearly 35 billion dong in damage]. Báo Thanh Niên (in Vietnamese). October 9, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
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