Tren Maya
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Tren Maya (Yucatec Maya: Tsíimin K'áak', sometimes also Mayan Train or Maya Train) is a 1,554 km-long (966 mi) inter-city railway in Mexico that traverses the Yucatán Peninsula. Construction began in June 2020 and the Campeche–Cancún section began operation on December 15, 2023, with the rest of the railway opening in subsequent stages, with the final segment from Escárcega to Chetumal beginning operation on December 15, 2024. The railway begins in Cancún International Airport and travels southwest towards Palenque, Chiapas, via two routes that encircle the peninsula.
Goals
[edit]
The project aims to connect tourist destinations in the Caribbean with lesser-known sites inland, including historic Mayan sites from which it derives its name.[9][10] By linking the main towns in the region, with 42 trains carrying up to three million passengers a year, the line is intended to redistribute tourist flows that are currently concentrated on the coast, and to encourage the development of a region that has historically been neglected by the state.[11]
History
[edit]Prior proposals
[edit]Efforts to reconnect the southeastern states of Mexico through rail infrastructure had been discussed for decades. During his presidential campaign, Enrique Peña Nieto pledged to construct the Transpeninsular Train Mérida-Punta Venado. However, the project was canceled on 30 January 2015 due to budget cuts.[12]
Yucatán Governor Ivonne Ortega also proposed a Rapid Train and City-Rail project aimed at connecting Mérida with key tourist destinations within the state.[13][14]
In 2009, Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste (ASUR) presented a proposal to operate an electric train connecting Cancún International Airport to Tulum.[15] Similarly, Quintana Roo Governor Roberto Borge proposed a light rail system along the same route.[16]
Proposal
[edit]The Tren Maya project was announced in September 2018 by Mexican president-elect Andrés Manuel López Obrador, following earlier proposals to build a shorter 900-kilometre (560 mi) line. Previous presidential administrations had also proposed their own passenger rail projects, but were unsuccessful in attaining funding.[9][17] It would use existing right of way from the Ferrosur as well as new tracks constructed through the jungle.[18][19] The project was derided by political opposition groups as a stunt for López Obrador, who had also cancelled a major airport project in Mexico City favored by his predecessor.[20] The Zapatista Army of National Liberation announced that it would oppose the project.[21]
December 2019 consultation
[edit]On November 15, 2019, President López Obrador declared that a referendum on the Mayan Train would be held on December 15, 2019, in Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo.[22]
The weekend of December 15–16, 2019, 92.3% of the people who participated in the consultation voted in favor, while 7.4% voted against the proposal.[23] 100,940 people voted,[24] 2.36% of the 3,536,000 registered voters in the 84 municipalities affected.[25]
The Mexican Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights criticized the vote. They pointed out that voters were provided with only the positive effects of the project (improved attention to water supplies, health, education, employment, housing, environmental protection, and culture) but were not informed of the negative effects. The Human Rights Commission also criticized the translations of the material used, the short period of time for the election, and low turnout, particularly among indigenous women. They noted that many potential voters did not have the financial resources to travel to the voting locations, and that the majority of voters were municipal employees.[26] The government rejected the criticisms, stating the consultation met international standards.[27]
Progreso extension
[edit]In June 2022 Interior Secretary Adán Augusto López Hernández announced a planned extension to Progreso and Umán in Yucatán.[28]
Funding
[edit]Funding for the project will come primarily from a tourism tax levied in the region, as well as funds diverted from other programs, including the Mexican Grand Prix.[17][21]
The project, led by the National Fund for Tourism Development (Fonatur), in December 2018 was estimated to cost 150 billion pesos (US$7.4 billion) and attract 8,000 daily riders.[29] An alternative study by a public policy think tank in 2019 estimated the cost of the project would be 480 billion pesos (US$25.3 billion), supported by the 90 percent cost overrun on the Toluca–Mexico City commuter rail project.[20] In October 2021 Fonatur revised the construction estimate to 200 billion pesos.[30]
In October 2020 the estimated total cost of the project, including 30 years of operating and maintenance but not including electrification, was about 321 billion pesos.[31]
The Secretariat of Tourism will receive a 647.1% increase in its budget for 2021 (MXN $38,613.4 million), of which 94% is destined for the Mayan Train.[32]
In December 2020 president López Obrador announced that the armed forces would operate three sections of the route, and that profits would be used to strengthen finances for pensioners and retirees of the armed forces.[33] In March 2021 Fonatur general director Rogelio Jiménez Pons said that the military would own the entire route, not just the three sections, and would receive all of the profits.[34] According to the government, "the use of Sedena [Mexico's Ministry of Defense] guarantees good administration and prevents the risk of privatization", in a country known for corruption.[11]
Pons stated in September 2021 that the cost of a single trip for locals, for the section that goes from Cancún Airport to Playa del Carmen, will be around 50 pesos. Tourists will be expected to pay between 800 and 1000 pesos for the same trip. When explaining the difference in price, he stated that tourists will have additional services available, such as restaurants.[35]
Construction
[edit]On December 16, 2018, president López Obrador conducted a Mayan ritual to commemorate the start of construction on the Mayan Train project.[9] The railway will also accommodate local passenger traffic and freight shipments in addition to tourist functions.[21][36] The first phase of the project is anticipated to open in the late 2020s, but tourism officials in the region have proposed accelerating work for a 2023 opening.[21][37]
The route consists of seven sections. Section I runs 228 km (142 mi) from Palenque to Escárcega; section II 235 km (146 mi) from Escárcega to Calkiní; section III 172 km (107 mi) from Calkiní to Izamal; section IV 257 km (160 mi) from Izamal to Cancún Airport; section V 121 km (75 mi) from Cancún Airport to Tulum; section VI 254 km (158 mi) from Tulum to Bacalar; and section VII 287 km (178 mi) from Bacalar to Escárcega.[38]
Business leaders in Mérida, Yucatán expressed their support on January 31, 2020, for building four kilometers of the railway underground as it passes through the city of Mérida. In this way, the train will not threaten the city's historic center. They are also optimistic that the tourist train, in combination with improvements in energy, airports, and seaports, will make the region economically competitive with the North and the Bajío.[39] Fonatur later announced that the train would initially not stop in Mérida, but near a hacienda 8 km (5.0 mi) away.[40] They said that by 2025 the station will relocate to La Plancha Park in Mérida.[41]
Construction began in June 2020.[42] The construction companies are Mota-Engil México SAPI and China Communications Construction Company LTD for stretch one (Palenque-Escárcega), Operadora CICSA and FCC Construcción for stretch two (Escárcega-Calkiní), Construcciones Urales and GAMI Ingeniería e Instalaciones for stretch three (Calkiní-Izamal), and Grupo ICA for stretch four (Izamal–Cancún).[43] In September 2020 Fonatur rejected a proposal of investment firm BlackRock for the 125 km (78 mi) fifth stretch of the project, including improvements to the Tulum–Cancún highway.[44][45]
In February 2021 Fonatur awarded a contract to Acciona and Grupo México for 60.3 km (37.5 mi) of electrified double rail tracks for section five between Playa del Carmen and Tulum.[46] 75% of the 121 km (75 mi) section five is elevated and built as viaduct to protect the ground water.[47]
As of January 2021 plans call for diesel-electric trains running at up to 160 km/h (100 mph).[38] In May 2021 Fonatur contracted with a consortium headed by Alstom to supply rolling stock and related equipment. The rolling stock will be manufactured at Alstom's factory in Ciudad Sahagún. The contract also includes European Train Control System signalling and control equipment.[46]
López Obrador has said the project will be completed prior to the end of his term in 2024. A market survey conducted by Fonatur, PricewaterhouseCoopers and other consultants in 2019 found that a majority of 21 construction companies consider this too fast, an unreasonable time to construct so much new rail, and others have expressed fear of a disaster caused by substandard work, such as the May 2021 Mexico City Metro overpass collapse.[48][49] In January 2022, to speed up construction, the route was changed to no longer enter Playa del Carmen.[50] As of June 2021[update], 10% of the project had been completed.[51] This had increased to 25% by February 2022,[52][53] and 67% by June 2023.[54] Operations officially began on December 15, 2023.[55]
Operations on the line were suspended from December 28 to December 31, in preparation for the extension of service to Palenque.[56][57] Service resumed on January 1, from Cancún Airport to Palenque.[3] In addition, the Chichén Itzá railway station opened in February 2024[58] and the Valladolid railway station was expected to open further on.[59][60]
Rolling stock
[edit]The rolling stock of the Tren Maya was designed by the French company Alstom, and its 219 cars were being built in Ciudad Sahagún.[61][62] Of these trains, 32 of them will be electro-diesel multiple units, 10 will be standard diesel multiple units.[63]
Regular passenger service will be provided by the Xiinbal train, named for a Mayan term meaning “to walk”, as the regular passenger service. They will have business class seats, standard seating, and a buffet car. This service will be offered to frequent local passengers, but also to occasional passengers and tourists.[64]
The Janal trains (from a Mayan term meaning "to eat") will add a dining car to the previous services, which will have aquatic landscapes on the outside, and an interior inspired by the work of Luis Barragán. “The restaurant offers two layout options and various seating configurations to allow optimal use of space in a beautiful setting.”[64]
The P'atal trains (from a Mayan term meaning "to stay") will have reclining seats and sleeping cabins, designated especially for long-distance journeys.[65][64][66]
In addition, several locomotives have been imported to Mexico to help construct the line, including eight ex-China Railway DF-4D locomotives owned by Chinese contractors, some Vossloh G2000 BB locomotives, and "older locomotives imported secondhand from Europe".[63]
| Model | Type | Consist | Capacity | Total number of trains | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||
| X'Trapolis Tsíimin K'áak | Xiinbal (standard) | 4 to 7 cars | 230 to 430 passengers | 31 | ||||||
| Janal (restaurant) | 4 cars | 140 passengers | 8 | |||||||
| P’atal (long-distance) | 7 cars | 260 passengers | 3 | |||||||
| China Railway DF-4D | Diesel locomotive (for construction work) |
1 unit | None | 8 | ||||||
| Vossloh G2000 BB | ? | |||||||||
| Other diesel locomotives | ? | |||||||||
Conexión Intermodal Tren Maya
[edit]| Conexión Intermodal Tren Maya | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Area served | Cancun, Puerto Morelos, and Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, Mexico |
| Transit type | Shuttle bus |
| Number of lines | 3 |
| Operation | |
| Operation will start | TBD |
| Operator(s) | Tren Maya |
| Rolling stock | BYD Auto electric buses |
| Technical | |
| Top speed | 69 km/h (43 mph) |
The Conexión Intermodal Tren Maya is a future set of 3 electric shuttle bus connections in Cancun, Puerto Morelos, and Playa del Carmen that will link to the Tren Maya. Two lines will connect Puerto Morelos and Playa del Carmen stations with different tourist attractions of the region, while a third will connect the Cancún Airport railway station with the 4 terminals of Cancun International Airport.[67][68]
Work on the Cancun Airport shuttle began in July 2023, and it was hoped that it would begin operations on 29 February.[69]
The Cancun shuttle bus will use 7 electric buses, which have a top speed of 69 kilometres per hour (43 mph).[70] Although it was originally announced that they will have a capacity of 47 passengers,[70] they only have a capacity of 18.[71] These 7 buses, built by BYD Auto, arrived at the airport in March 2024.[71]
Opposition
[edit]Environmental and indigenous rights activists objected to construction of new tracks through the jungle.[18][19]
On the 26th anniversary of its armed uprising, January 1, 2020, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation expressed its opposition to the project and declared that the consultation provided only positive information to voters prior to voting.[72]
Groups close to the National Indigenous Congress (CNI) plan to seek injunctions against the train project and other construction in the region. The CNI is looking at three-pronged action: social awareness campaigns, media campaigns, and legal actions.[73] On January 28, 2020, a judge in Campeche issued a temporary injunction against construction of the railway because it was approved in a "simulated consultation."[74] In a visit to the city of Campeche, President López Obrador defended the train and pointed out that not only had the train received its greatest support in the state of Campeche, but also that more than half the route would run through the state—worth MXN $60 billion of the $130 billion the government plans to invest in total. He said the section from Escárcega to Cancún should be open for tourist, passenger, and freight traffic in 2023, but that the route will not pass through the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve.[75]
In November 2020 the Regional Indigenous Council of Xpujil delivered a petition with 268,000 signatures to the Campeche Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources asking that the project be suspended because of environmental concerns.[76] Residents of Chocholá, Mérida, and Izamal, in Yucatán obtained a temporary delay in construction in January 2021 until Fonatur and SEMARNAT report on an environmental impact assessment.[77]
On March 3, 2021, an injunction was filed by 80 people from Campeche who fear eviction from their homes. The First District Court in Campeche granted them the provisional suspension. Yucatán's fourth district court also ordered a stop to construction.[78] The brought the total number of injunctions filed in the Yucatan Peninsula to 16 in March 2021,[79] increasing to at least 25 by January 2022. Most of the injunctions have been filed by indigenous collectives who consider the project to be an environmental disaster.[80] Court rulings are not binding on Tren Maya because it has been declared a national security project.[81] The injunctions have had little effect, and construction continues.[78] López Obrador has criticized the saliency in opposition to the train as a partisan attempt to halt his administration's infrastructure projects.[82][83]
A group of celebrities, including comedian Eugenio Derbez, singers Rubén Albarrán and Natalia Lafourcade, and actress Kate del Castillo, as part of the Sélvame del Tren ("Save me from the Train", a play on words between Sálvame meaning Save Me, and Selva meaning jungle) campaign, has expressed opposition to the train.[84]
In July 2022 residents of Chemax barricaded surrounding roads, bringing construction to a halt. They say the government has violated its agreement by clearing the jungle and failing to provide promised infrastructure.[85]
However, according to Etienne von Bertrab, a specialist in political ecology at University College London (UCL) and co-founder of an interdisciplinary study group on the implications of the Maya Train, opposition to the project "is above all a media campaign, driven by a few collectives, but it is by no means a social movement. They have no popular support." The vast majority of the population of the states concerned seem to support the Mayan Train.[11]
Environmental concerns
[edit]As of January 2021, workers and archeologists had uncovered more than 8,000 ancient artifacts and structures during construction.[86]
The National Alliance for Conservation of the Jaguar has identified twelve wildlife corridors that could be constructed to mitigate the situation for the jaguars that live in the area.[87]
The Centro Mexicano de Derecho Ambiental environmental group has accused Fonatur of deforestation along the route, not accounted for in the environmental impact assessment and without acquiring the necessary permits.[88] In November 2021 the Interior Department exempted Tren Maya and other infrastructure projects from environmental review.[89]
Original plans called for electric locomotives on the trains.[21][36] In June 2020 the government announced a switch to diesel to reduce costs,[90] then in August 2020 they announced that half the route, from Mérida to Chetumal via Cancún, would be electrified.[91]
In March 2022, Greenpeace organizers tied themselves to heavy machinery as a protest against construction in Quintana Roo that involves cutting down the jungle without environmental studies having been made.[84]
Cave diver Jose Urbina Bravo conducts expeditions to study the train's impact on wildlife and the environment above ground and in caves. Urbina Bravo is also involved in a legal battle to halt construction.[92]
Segment number 5 of the Maya Train network has been the most contested by environmental associations. Stretching over 110 kilometers, its completion involved the deforestation of a continuous 60-meter-wide strip – that's 2.2 million trees "felled or displaced", according to the authorities. The route of the track was modified several times to take into account the demands of environmentalists. Before starting work, the Ministry of the Environment carried out an inventory of flora and fauna, and relocated animals to protected areas.[11]
The Mexican Center for Environmental Law (Cemda), however, denounces a project which, in its entirety, has destroyed "2,500 hectares of tropical rainforest" and directly affected twenty protected natural areas.[11]
Social issues
[edit]Residents of 130 localities directly affected by the railroad route will benefit from "388 worksites and social actions", including the rehabilitation of pavements and roads, public spaces, electrical, sanitary and productive infrastructures, and housing.[11]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "First portion of Mexico's Maya Train set to begin operation". Trains. December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ Jorden, Rashaad. "Mexico Inaugurates Flagship Tourist Train". Skift. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ a b Marshall, Christopher Jordan (January 1, 2024). "New Maya Train Route From Cancun To Palenque Officially Begins Operations". Cancun Sun. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
- ^ "Mayan Train Will Open New Stations on January 1 2024". December 30, 2023. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
- ^ "Tren Maya: ¿Cuánto tiempo dura el recorrido de Cancún a Puerto Morelos?". poresto.net (in Spanish). February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ Xiu Chan, Justino (September 20, 2024). "Vecinos de Felipe Carrillo Puerto viajan entusiasmados en el Tren Maya". poresto.net (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved September 21, 2024.
- ^ "AMLO inaugura la Estación del Tren Maya en Chetumal, Quintana Roo". poresto.net (in Mexican Spanish). September 29, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
- ^ Castro, Gerardo (December 15, 2024). "Tren Maya simboliza la grandeza cultural de México destaca Claudia Sheinbaum". poresto.net (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved December 15, 2024.
- ^ a b c Pskowski, Martha (February 22, 2019). "Mexico's 'Mayan Train' Is Bound for Controversy". CityLab. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ Varillas, Adriana (November 23, 2018). "Everything you need to know about the Mayan Train project". El Universal. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Luis Reygada (January 2024). "Mexico has a lot riding on Tren Maya". Le Monde diplomatique.
- ^ Yucatán, Redacción Novedades (January 30, 2015). "Cancelan definitivamente el Tren Transpeninsular que uniría Yucatán con Quintana Roo". sipse.com (in Spanish). Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ^ impresa, Edición (May 8, 2022). "Cartas al Diario: La historia del tren que no fue maya, sino bala en Yucatán". Diario de Yucatán (in Spanish). Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ^ Vázquez, Jesús (October 4, 2011). "Sin fecha de arranque el tren peninsular". El Economista. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ^ Vázquez, Jesús (December 3, 2012). "Tres propuestas para el tren transpeninsular". El Economista. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ^ "Acuerda Borge con españoles estudio para tren ligero del corredor Cancún-Tulum". July 18, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ^ a b Fuentes, Yngrid (November 15, 2018). "Tren Maya: así es el ambicioso proyecto que propone AMLO y tiene un costo de miles de millones de dólares para México" (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ a b "Tren Maya unirá Tabasco, Campeche, Chiapas, Yucatán y Quintana Roo". Union Yucatán (in Spanish). August 14, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ a b "Mexico launches $7.4bn Tren Maya railway project". BBC News. December 17, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ a b Sherman, Christopher (April 17, 2019). "Mayan Train's fast track raising concerns in Mexico". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Morgan, Martin (March 5, 2019). "Mexico to 'speed up' Maya train route". BBC News. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- ^ Gobierno inicia proceso de consulta ciudadana e indígena para Tren Maya; se realizará el 15 diciembre Aristegui Noticias, November 15, 2019
- ^ "En la consulta sobre el Tren Maya, 92.3% votó por el "Sí"y 7.4% por el "No"" [In the consultation on the Mayan Train, 92.3% voted "Yes" and 7.4% "No"], El Economista (in Spanish), December 16, 2019
- ^ Arturo Rodriguez Garcia (December 16, 2019), "A favor del Tren Maya el 92.3% de los consultados el fin de semana" [92.3% of those consulted about the Maya Train over the weekend in favor], Proceso (in Spanish)
- ^ Osvaldo Córdova (December 17, 2019). "Solo votó el 2.86% del padrón por Tren Maya" [Only 2.86% of the registered voted for Maya Train]. Diario Contra Replica (in Spanish).
- ^ Alexis Ortiz (December 20, 2019). "Rechaza ONU consulta sobre el Tren Maya" [UN rejects consultation on the Maya Train]. El Universal (in Spanish).
- ^ Tourliere, Matieu (December 23, 2019). "El gobierno de AMLO reprocha críticas de la ONU-DH sobre consulta por Tren Maya" [The AMLO government reproaches UNHCR critics over consultation for Maya Train]. Proceso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 24, 2019.
- ^ "Progreso and Umán added to Mayan Train route". Yucatán Magazine (in Spanish). June 20, 2022.
- ^ Zavala, Misael (December 9, 2018). "AMLO's Mayan Train will cost 150,000 million pesos". El Universal. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ Veronica Garibay (October 26, 2021). "Mayan Train expected to cost over 60 billion more: sources say two new museums are in the talks". Yucatan Magazine.
- ^ "El costo del Tren Maya, para arriba" (in Spanish). Diario de Yucatán. October 5, 2020.
- ^ "Turismo domina el PEF con presupuesto para Tren Maya; proyectan aumento de 641.7% en 2021". www.msn.com. Excelsior. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
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- ^ "Todo el dinero generado por el Tren Maya irá al Ejército, afirma Jiménez Pons". Diario de Yucatán (in Spanish). March 16, 2021.
- ^ "¿Cuánto saldrá viajar en el Tren Maya? Checa los costos". El Financiero (in Spanish). September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ a b "Tren Maya será turístico, de carga y de pasajeros: Arturo Núñez". Forbes (in Spanish). October 15, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
- ^ "Seven tenders ready for the construction of the Maya Train". The Yucatan Times. March 4, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- ^ a b "Todo lo que sabemos hasta ahora sobre el Tren Maya". Diario de Yucatán (in Spanish). January 13, 2021.
- ^ Juan Manuel Contreras (February 1, 2020). "Positivo que tramo del Tren Maya pase por debajo de Mérida: Concanaco" [Positive that the Mayan Train section passes under Mérida: Concanaco]. La Jornada (in Spanish).
- ^ Veronica Garibay (September 23, 2021). "30% of La Plancha to be sold to the private sector". Yucatán Magazine.
- ^ Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (November 18, 2021). "Mexico reverses on Mayan Train station, plans new La Plancha stop in 2025". Yucatan Magazine.
- ^ "Portuguese company to start building first Tren Maya stretch on April 30th". Yucatan News. April 27, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
- ^ "BlackRock, el gigante financiero acusado por corrupción y daño ambiental, es aliado en Tren Maya". www.msn.com (in Spanish). Sin Embargo. September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
- ^ "Tramo 5 del Tren Maya, declarado desierto; rechazan propuesta de BlackRock". www.msn.com (in Spanish). Forbes Mexico. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- ^ Urrutia, Alonso; Méndez, Enrique (September 8, 2020). "AMLO: participará en el Tren Maya la financiera BlackRock". www.msn.com (in Spanish). La Jornada. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
- ^ a b "Tren Maya Railway Project". Railway Technology.
- ^ "Maya Train protects cenotes, caverns and und..." BNamericas.com. May 15, 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ "Shades of Line 12: Maya Train timelines not realistic, say private firms". Mexico News Daily. June 28, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
A market survey conducted by Fonatur, PricewaterhouseCoopers and other consultants in 2019 found that a majority of 21 construction companies believed that a period of at least 36 months was needed to build a 250-kilometer section of railroad – provided everything went smoothly. However, "companies with more experience in the construction of railroad tracks favor a period between 36 and 48 months", the survey report said.
- ^ Kitroeff, Natalie; Abi-Habib, Maria; Glanz, James; Lopez, Oscar; Cai, Weiyi; Grothjan, Evan; Peyton, Miles; Cegarra, Alejandro (June 13, 2021). "Why the Mexico City Metro Collapsed". The New York Times. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
bad welds, critical mistakes that likely caused the crash. That is one of the primary explanations being considered by Mexico City officials, according to several people familiar with the official investigations into the disaster, and it underscores a pattern of political expediency and haphazard work as the metro was being built.
- ^ Jessica Ruiz (January 19, 2022). "Tren Maya ya no pasará por Playa del Carmen". Diario de Yucatán (in Spanish).
- ^ Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (June 23, 2021). "Residents take action to clear La Plancha of garbage". Yucatán Magazine.
- ^ Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (March 18, 2022). "Mexican celebrities join indigenous groups against the Mayan Train". Yucatán Magazine.
- ^ "El Tren Maya tiene una cuarta parte construida y casi 20% de gasto". Obras (in Spanish). February 15, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
- ^ Alejandro de la Rosa (July 27, 2023). "Construcción del Tren Maya tiene avance de 67% a junio: SHCP". El Economista (in Spanish).
- ^ "President López Obrador inaugurates first 3 sections of Maya Train". Mexico News. December 15, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2023.
- ^ "Tren Maya Campeche to Cancun service suspended until January 1". Riviera Maya News. December 29, 2023. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
- ^ Slyke, Michelle Van (December 30, 2023). "How To Get A Refund As Maya Train Operations Suspended Until January". Cancun Sun. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
- ^ "Newest section of Maya Train opens". Trains. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
- ^ Gracht, Carlos Rosado van der (December 31, 2023). "Valladolid's Tren Maya Station to Open in January 2024". Yucatán Magazine. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
- ^ Osorio, Juan Antonio (February 20, 2024). "Obra del Tren Maya en Valladolid, aún sin terminar". Diario de Yucatán (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved June 6, 2024.
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- ^ a b Fender, Keith (September 5, 2023). "Passenger equipment from Britain, US heads to Mexico". Trains. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
- ^ a b c Carrillo, Emmanuel (May 28, 2021). "Xiinbal, Janal y P'atal: así serán los convoyes del Tren Maya". Forbes México (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved September 15, 2023.
- ^ "AMLO y Claudia Sheinbaum inauguran nuevos vagones del Tren Maya". poresto.net (in Mexican Spanish). September 20, 2024. Retrieved September 21, 2024.
- ^ "Primeras fotos del Tren Maya: así lucirán los vagones por dentro". Noticias de turismo REPORTUR (in Spanish). May 29, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
- ^ "Anuncian transporte intermodal hacia estaciones del Tren Maya desde el Aeropuerto de Cancún". elquintanarroense (in Spanish). February 29, 2024. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
- ^ "Conectarán Aeropuerto Cancún con estación del Tren Maya". Revista Magazzine (in Mexican Spanish). June 13, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
- ^ "Cámara Mexicana de la Industria de la Construcción". www.cmic.org.mx.
- ^ a b "Aeropuerto de Cancún - Estación Tren Maya: en julio inician las obras de la conexión ferroviaria". Aviacionline.com (in Spanish). June 12, 2023.
- ^ a b Vazquez, Jesus (March 21, 2024). "Arriban a Cancún autobuses que enlazarán al Tren Maya con Aeropuerto de Cancún". www.eleconomista.com. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
- ^ EZLN reitera rechazo a megaproyectos de AMLO El Segundero, January 1, 2020
- ^ "El CNI esboza su estrategia contra el Tren Maya" [The CNI lays out it strategy against the Maya Train]. Proceso (in Spanish). January 4, 2020.
- ^ Jose Raul Linares (February 1, 2020). "Otorgan suspensión provisional contra el Tren Maya por "consulta simulada"" [Provisional injunction granted against the Mayan Train for "simulated consultation"]. La Jornada (in Spanish).
- ^ Rosa Santana (February 1, 2020). "AMLO defiende el Tren Maya tras suspensión provisional ordenada por un tribunal" [AMLO defends the Mayan Train after provisional injunction ordered by a court]. La Jornada (in Spanish).
- ^ "Mayan communities of Campeche deliver 268 thousand signatures against the Mayan Train". Yucatan Times. November 26, 2020.
- ^ Tourliere, Mathieu (January 21, 2021). "Habitantes de 3 municipios de Yucatán logran suspensión provisional de las obras del Tren Maya". proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Proceso. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
- ^ a b Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (October 15, 2021). "In Europe, Mexican Indigenous organizations denounce the Mayan Train". Yucatan Magazine.
- ^ "Another injunction against the Tren Maya in Campeche". Yucatan Times. March 4, 2021.
- ^ Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (January 6, 2022). "New legal challenges to Mayan Train ignored by AMLO's government". Yucatan Magazine.
- ^ Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (January 26, 2024). "Tren Maya Construction Damages Cenotes and Caves South of Cancún". Yucatan Magazine.
- ^ "Les gusta el chisme: Gobierno federal responde con campaña a artistas y ambientalistas por Tren Maya". Animal Político (in Spanish). March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
- ^ "No tenemos notificación oficial sobre suspensión de construcción de tramo 5 de Tren Maya: AMLO". El Financiero (in Spanish). April 19, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
- ^ a b "Mayan Train protestors tie themselves to bulldozers, delaying new jungle path". Yucatán Magazine. March 29, 2022.
- ^ Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (July 7, 2022). "Chemax protestors barricade Mayan Train construction site". Yucatán Magazine.
- ^ Carlos Rosado van der Gracht (January 21, 2021). "Tren Maya leads to amazing discovery of over 8000 archaeological remains in Yucatán". Yucatán Magazine.
- ^ "Más de 2 mil jaguares en peligro por el Tren Maya". El Universal (in Spanish). January 7, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- ^ "Fonatur accused of logging more than 144 hectares of forest land for the Tren Maya". Yucatan Times. October 21, 2021.
- ^ "Mexico decrees automatic approval for Mayan Train project". Yucatán Magazine. November 23, 2021.
- ^ "Maya Train chooses diesel over electric but source of fuel in doubt". June 9, 2020.
- ^ "Maya Train to run on electricity on one-half of its route". August 6, 2020.
- ^ "Derailing Tren Maya". 52 Documentary Series. Voice of America News. October 5, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
Further reading
[edit]- Sieff, Kevin; Leaming, Whitney (December 9, 2022). "Destroying Maya treasures to build a tourist train". Washington Post. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- "Mexico's Tren Maya railway line is 'splitting the jungle in half' as construction reaches some of the world's most vulnerable species". ABC News (Australia). Reuters. January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
External links
[edit]
- Official website (in Spanish)
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