Trademark Law Treaty of 1994

The Trademark Law Treaty of 1994 is a treaty entered into by a large number of countries establishing procedures for recognizing trademarks registered in other member countries. It operates under the auspices of the World Intellectual Property Organization.^[1]

The treaty was established "with objectives to reduce the complexities in the multitude of registration procedures and to increase predictability of application outcomes" through "simplification and harmonization of certain features of these trademark registration procedures and formalities".^[2] According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the Trademark Law Treaty "simplifies and harmonizes trademark application and registration procedures by member states. It facilitates renewals, the recordation of assignments, name and address changes, and powers of attorney".^[3]

The treaty was adopted on October 27, 1994,^[2]^[4] and signed by 42 countries on October 28, 1994, with three additional countries signing in November of that year, and 12 more signing in 1995.^[5] The first five countries for which the treaty entered into force were the Czech Republic, Moldova, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom, all on August 1, 1996.^[5]

By the 2000s, it became apparent that the terms of the treaty were outdated in light of the intervening development of the internet as a means of conveying information about products and businesses, leading to the enactment of the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks.^[2]

References

^ "Summary of the Trademark Law Treaty (TLT) (1994)". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
^ ^a ^b ^c Susanna H. S. Leong, "The Internationalisation of Trademark Protection" in Irene Calboli and Jane C. Ginsburg, eds., International Aspects of Trademark Protection (Cambridge University Press, 2020).
^ "International IP treaties". www.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
^ Irene Calboli and Jacques de Werra, eds., The Law and Practice of Trademark Transactions: A Global and Local Outlook (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016), p. 31.
^ ^a ^b "WIPO Lex". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

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[1] "Summary of the Trademark Law Treaty (TLT) (1994)". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

[Leong-2] Susanna H. S. Leong, "The Internationalisation of Trademark Protection" in Irene Calboli and Jane C. Ginsburg, eds., International Aspects of Trademark Protection (Cambridge University Press, 2020).

[3] "International IP treaties". www.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

[4] Irene Calboli and Jacques de Werra, eds., The Law and Practice of Trademark Transactions: A Global and Local Outlook (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016), p. 31.

[Table-5] "WIPO Lex". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

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v t e WIPO Administered Treaties
Intellectual Property protection treaties	Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works Brussels Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods Marrakesh VIP Treaty Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property Patent Law Treaty Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks Trademark Law Treaty of 1994 Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits WIPO Copyright Treaty WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
Global protection system treaties	Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks Patent Cooperation Treaty
Treaties against biopiracy and misappropriation	WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge
Classification treaties	Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks