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Timeline of the Ilkhanate

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The Ilkhanate from 1256-1353
The disintegration of the Ilkhanate, 1345

This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

13th century

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1210s

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Year Date Event
1217 15 October Hulagu Khan is born to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki[1]
1218 autumn Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively[2]
winter Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: A Muslim merchant delegation sent by Genghis Khan arrives at Otrar and the governor Inalchuq kills them, seizing their goods for himself; a sole survivor reaches Mongolia and alerts Genghis, who sends three more envoys to demand custody of Inalchuq - they are also killed[2]
1219 fall Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana[3]

1220s

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Year Date Event
1220 15 February Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and places Yelü Ahai in control of Transoxiana[3]
16 March Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Samarkand and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan[3]
May Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jebe and Subutai take Balkh and capture Muhammad II of Khwarezm's mother Terken Khatun and family in the Zagros Mountains[4]
winter Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm dies[3]
1221 March Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Tolui destroys Merv[3]
April Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat[3]
spring Battle of Parwan: Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu defeats a Mongol army led by Shikhikhutug in the Hindu Kush[3]
Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Termez[3]
Siege of Bamyan (1221): Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process[5]
November Battle of Indus: Genghis Khan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who swims across the Indus River and escapes[3]

1230s

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Year Date Event
1231 August Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Chormaqan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who escapes only to be killed by an unknown Kurd; so ends the Khwarazmian dynasty[4]
1232 Tolui is struck by sickness and dies[6]
1236 Mongol invasions of Georgia: Chormaqan subjugates Georgia and Armenia[7]

1240s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1242 Mongol invasions of Anatolia: Mongols take Erzurum[8]
1243 26 June Battle of Köse Dağ: Baiju defeats Kaykhusraw II and subjugates the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia[9]
1244 The Ayyubid dynasty gives tribute to the Mongols[8]
Badr al-Din Lu'lu' of Mosul submits to the Mongol Empire[10]

1250s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1251 fall Möngke Khan places Hulagu Khan in charge of North China[1]
1252 summer Möngke Khan charges Hulagu Khan with the invasion of taking Baghdad[11]
1256 20 November Hulagu Khan takes Alamut from the Assassins[1]
Mongols defeat Kaykaus II at Aksaray and enthrone Kilij Arslan IV[12]
1258 17 January Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan sends a Mongol contingent across the Tigris River which suffers a defeat against Aybak[13]
18 January Siege of Baghdad (1258): Baiju floods the enemy camp and attacks, driving them back[13]
29 January Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan lays siege to Baghdad[13]
1 February Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol siege weapons breach Baghdad's Ajami tower[14]
3 February Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol forces take Baghdad's walls[14]
10 February Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim, his sons, and 3,000 dignitaries surrender[14]
13 February Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongols sack Baghdad[14]
20 February Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim and his family are executed; so ends the first Abbasid Caliphate[14]
Hulagu Khan takes the title of Ilkhan, meaning "obedient khan"[14]
March Öljei Khatun's brother Bukha-Temur sacks Wasit[1]

1260s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1260 January Siege of Aleppo (1260): Hulagu Khan takes Aleppo from An-Nasir Yusuf; so ends the Ayyubid dynasty[1]
The Principality of Antioch submits to the Mongol Empire[15]
6 June Hulagu Khan receives news of Möngke Khan's death and retreats to Ahlat[16]
26 July Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks advance into Palestine and drive the Mongols from Gaza[16]
spring Hulagu Khan's son Yoshmut and commander Elege of the Jalayir take Mayyafaraqin and Mardin[1]
August Kitbuqa sacks Sidon[15]
3 September Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks defeats Mongol forces under Kitbuqa and push them back to the Euphrates[16]
10 December First Battle of Homs: Baibars defeats a Mongol expedition into Syria[1]
Toluid Civil War: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan[17]
1261 Mosul and Cizre rebel[1]
1262 summer Rebellions in Mosul and Cizre are suppressed[1]
November Hulagu Khan kills his vizier Saif-ud-Din Bitigchi and replaces him with Shams al-Din Juvayni[18]
Berke–Hulagu war: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan[17]
Hulagu Khan gives Khorasan and Mazandaran to his son Abaqa and Azerbaijan to his other son Yoshmut[18]
1263 13 January Berke–Hulagu war: Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River[18]
1265 8 February Hulagu Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Abaqa Khan[19]
1266 Berke–Hulagu war: Berke dies in Tbilisi and is succeeded by his grandnephew Mengu-Timur[19]

1270s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1270 Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat[20]
1271 Samagar raids Qalaat al-Madiq[21]
1273 January Yisüder, brother of Abaqa, sacks Bukhara[22]
1277 15 April Battle of Elbistan: Mamluks defeat Mongol forces at Elbistan[19]

1280s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1281 29 October Second Battle of Homs: Abaqa's brother Möngke Temur is defeated by Mamluk forces[19]
1282 Abaqa dies and is succeeded by his brother Tekuder, a Muslim[19]
1284 Arghun, son of Abaqa, deposes Tekuder[19]

1290s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1290 Golden Horde attacks Ilkhanate but is defeated by Arghun[19]
Nawrūz rebels and fails[19]
1291 7 March Arghun is murdered by the very unpleasant Taghachar of the Baarin, who then enthrones Gaykhatu, Arghun's brother[19]
1294 Gaykhatu copies the Yuan dynasty and tries to introduce paper money, which fails fantastically[19]
1295 Taghachar deposes Gaykhatu and enthrones Baydu[19]
October Ghazan, son of Arghun, deposes Baydu and becomes ruler; also a Muslim[19]
1299 22–23 December Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar: Ghazan defeats An-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluks[23]

14th century

[edit]

1300s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1301 Ghazan makes a failed attempt to take Aleppo[24]
1303 20 April Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303): Mongol army under Kutlushah is defeated by the Mamluks[24]
1304 11 May Ghazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü[19]
1307 June Ilkhanate tributizes Gilan, Ghazni, and Sistan[22]
1308 winter Öljaitü converts to Twelver Shi'ism[22]

1310s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1310 Kurds and Arabs in Erbil massacre the Christian population with the Ilkhanate's permission[10]
1312 Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni[25]
1316 Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate[26]
16 December Öljaitü dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan[22]
1318 Chagataid elements rebel in Khorasan[22]
Öz Beg Khan attacks the Ilkhanate[22]
1319 13 July Chupan defeats Mongol rebellions at the battle of Zanjan-Rud[22]

1320s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1323 Ilkhanate makes peace with the Mamluk Sultunate[22]

1330s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1335 30 November Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan dies and Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din enthrones Arpa Ke'un, a descendant of Ariq Böke; effective end of the Ilkhanate[27]
1336 Arpa Ke'un is defeated by 'Ali Padsah of Baghdad, who enthrones Musa[27]
1337 Musa is deposed by Hasan Buzurg, who enthrones Muhammad Khan[27]
1338 Muhammad Khan is deposed by Hasan Kuchak, who enthrones Jahan Temür[27]

1340s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1346 Black Plague spreads to the Ilkhanate[27]

1350s

[edit]
Year Date Event
1356 Shaikh Awais Jalayir sets up his own Jalairid Sultanate; so ends the Ilkhanate[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Atwood 2004, p. 225.
  2. ^ a b Atwood 2004, p. 431.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Atwood 2004, p. 307.
  4. ^ a b Atwood 2004, p. 308.
  5. ^ Atwood 2004, p. 81.
  6. ^ Twitchett 1994, p. 372.
  7. ^ Atwood 2004, p. 196.
  8. ^ a b Jackson 2005, p. 74.
  9. ^ Atwood 2004, p. 331.
  10. ^ a b Atwood 2004, p. 323.
  11. ^ Twitchett 1994, p. 405.
  12. ^ Jackson 2005, p. 116.
  13. ^ a b c Atwood 2004, p. 28.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Atwood 2004, p. 29.
  15. ^ a b Jackson 2005, p. 117.
  16. ^ a b c Atwood 2004, p. 6.
  17. ^ a b Twitchett 1994, p. 412.
  18. ^ a b c Atwood 2004, p. 226.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Atwood 2004, p. 234.
  20. ^ Atwood 2004, p. 231.
  21. ^ Jackson 2005, p. 167.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h Atwood 2004, p. 235.
  23. ^ Atwood 2004, p. 341.
  24. ^ a b Jackson 2005, p. 170.
  25. ^ Atwood 2004, p. 86.
  26. ^ Twitchett 1994, p. 504.
  27. ^ a b c d e f Atwood 2004, p. 236.

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