Timeline of Medina

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Prior to 20th century

6th C. CE - Yathrib settled "by three Jewish tribes, the Banu Quynuqa, the Banu Qurayza, and the Banu Nadir."^[1]
622 CE / 0-1 H
- Muhammad arrives from Mecca, with followers (muhajirun).^[2]^[3]^[4]
- Quba Mosque and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) built.^[1]
- Yathrib renamed "Medina."^[5]
- Baqi Cemetery established.
623 CE - Masjid al-Qiblatayn (Mosque of the two Qiblas) built.
624 CE - Prophet's House built.^[1]
627
- March–April: Battle of the Trench.^[6]
- Constitution of Medina created (approximate date).^[7]
630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam."^[3]
632 CE / 11 H
- 8 June: Death of Muhammad.
- Abu Bakr appointed caliph; Rashidun Caliphate established.^[3]
634 - Umar becomes caliph.
639 - Hijri year calendar devised.^{[citation needed]}
644 - Uthman ibn Affan becomes caliph.
656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from Medina to Kufa.^[7]^[8]
661 - Umayyad Caliphate established; capital moved from Medina to Damascus.^[1]
662 - Marwan ibn al-Hakam becomes Governor of Madina.
683 - Medina sacked by Umayyads.^[9]^[4]
8th century - Sharia (Islamic law) codified in Medina.^[3]
706 - Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz becomes Governor of Madina.
707 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi rebuilt.^[10]
763 - Medina slave rebellion.^[11]
975 - City wall built.^[7]
976 - Establishment of the Sharifate of Medina.
1162 - City wall expanded.^[7]
1266 - Volcanic eruption within an hour's distance.^[4]
1513 - Al-Hajjaria waqf (trust) incorporated.^{[citation needed]}
1517 - Ottoman Turks in power.^[6]^[12]
1804 - Wahhabis in power.^[9]^[13]^[4]
1812 - November: Battle of Medina (1812); Turks in power.^[13]^[4]
1837 - Al-Masjid an-Nabawi dome painted green.
1872 - Medina becomes part of the Ottoman Hejaz Vilayet.
1896 - Telephone line installed.^[14]
1900 - Population (estimate): 16,000 to 20,000.^[4]

20th century

1908 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) begins operating.^[3]^[4]
1916 - Siege of Medina begins.
1919 - January: Siege of Medina ends; Arabs in power.^[15]
1920 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) stops operating.^[4]
1925 - Medina becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.^[13]
1937 - Italian-Muslim hospital founded.^[16]
1953 - Baqi Cemetery expanded.^[16]
1955 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi enlarged.^[16]
1961 - Islamic University of Madinah established.^[14]^[17]
1974
- Mohammad Airport opens.
- Population: 198,186.^[18]
1985 - King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran begins operating.
1986 - Quba Mosque rebuilt.^[1]

21st century

2001 - 15 March: Chechen hijacking of Russian aircraft.^[3]
2003 - Taibah University established.
2006 - Hejaz Railway Museum opens.
2010 - Population: 1,100,093.^[19]
2014
- 8 February: 2014 Medina hotel fire.
- Air pollution in Medina reaches annual mean of 65 PM2.5 and 153 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[20]
2016 - 4 July: bombing at Prophet's Mosque.^[21]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ArchNet. "Medina". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
^ Cyril Glassé, ed. (2003). New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f David Lea, ed. (2001). A Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-115-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Britannica 1910.
^ Ziauddin Sardar (2014). Mecca: The Sacred City. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-62040-266-5.
^ ^a ^b John L. Esposito (2003). "Chronology of Key Events". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 353+. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Friedman 2000.
^ Martín 2004.
^ ^a ^b Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1176, OL 6112221M
^ "Arabian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
^ Power, T. (2012). The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate: AD 500-1000. Egypten: American University in Cairo Press.
^ Andrew Rippin, ed. (2013). Islamic World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-80343-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Watson 1996.
^ ^a ^b Winder 1984.
^ Elie Kedourie (1977). "Surrender of Medina, January 1919". Middle Eastern Studies. 13 (1): 124–143. doi:10.1080/00263207708700339. JSTOR 4282625.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bosworth 2007.
^ Jörg Matthias Determann (2013). Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-302-4.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Medina explosion: Suicide bombing near Saudi holy site", BBC News, 4 July 2016

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Medina", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Josiah Conder (1830), "Medinah", Arabia, The Modern Traveller, vol. 4, London: J.Duncan
Richard Burton (1857), "El Medinah", Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to el Medinah and Meccah (2nd ed.), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, OCLC 5778233
"Medina". American Cyclopedia. D. Appleton & Company. 1879.

Published in 20th century

Smith, William Robertson (1910). "Medina" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 64–66.
Philip Khuri Hitti (1973). "Medina". Capital Cities of Arab Islam. University of Minnesota Press. p. 33+. ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4.
Richard Bayley Winder (1984). "Al-Madina". Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. pp. 997–1007.
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (1987). The Foundation of the Community: Muhammad At Al-Madina A.D. 622-626/Hijrah-4 A.H. History of al-Tabari. Vol. 7. M. V. McDonald, translator; W. Montgomery Watt, annotator. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-344-6. (written in 9th/10th century)
Andrew Petersen (1996). "Medina". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6.
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Medina". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 487+. ISBN 1884964036.
Werner Ende (1997). "The Nakhāwila, a Shite Community in Medina Past and Present". Die Welt des Islams. 37 (3): 263–348. doi:10.1163/1570060972597020. JSTOR 1570656.
Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam - The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, p. 218+, ISBN 3728119725, 0500282056
John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Medina". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.

Published in 21st century

Richard C. Martín (2004). "Holy Cities: Medina". Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World. Granite Hill Publishers. ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8.
Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Medina". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Medina". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 380–395. ISBN 978-9004153882.
Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Madinah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 237+, ISBN 9781576079195
Harry Munt (2014). The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-99272-5.

External links

[archnet2013-1] ArchNet. "Medina". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.

[Glassé2003-2] Cyril Glassé, ed. (2003). New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6.

[Lea2001-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f David Lea, ed. (2001). A Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-115-5.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Britannica 1910.

[Sardar2014-5] Ziauddin Sardar (2014). Mecca: The Sacred City. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-62040-266-5.

[Esposito2003-6] John L. Esposito (2003). "Chronology of Key Events". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 353+. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.

[FOOTNOTEFriedman2000-7] Friedman 2000.

[FOOTNOTEMartín2004-8] Martín 2004.

[seltzer1952-9] Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1176, OL 6112221M

[MMA-wap06-10] "Arabian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2014.

[11] Power, T. (2012). The Red Sea from Byzantium to the Caliphate: AD 500-1000. Egypten: American University in Cairo Press.

[Rippin2013-12] Andrew Rippin, ed. (2013). Islamic World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-80343-7.

[FOOTNOTEWatson1996-13] Watson 1996.

[FOOTNOTEWinder1984-14] Winder 1984.

[15] Elie Kedourie (1977). "Surrender of Medina, January 1919". Middle Eastern Studies. 13 (1): 124–143. doi:10.1080/00263207708700339. JSTOR 4282625.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth2007-16] Bosworth 2007.

[Determann2013-17] Jörg Matthias Determann (2013). Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-302-4.

[18] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[19] "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

[20] World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[21] "Medina explosion: Suicide bombing near Saudi holy site", BBC News, 4 July 2016

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v t e Main Saudi Arabian cities by population
1,000,000 and more	Abha Dammam Hofuf Jeddah Khamis Mushait Mecca Medina Riyadh Taif
300,000-999,999	Al-Kharj Buraidah Ḥaʼil Hafar al-Batin Jubail Khobar Najran Qatif Tabuk
<300,000	Al Bahah Al Lith Al Majma'ah Al Qunfudhah Arar Abqaiq Bareq Bisha Dhahran Diriyah Duba Sakakah Jizan Khafji Ras Tanura Unaizah Yanbu' al Bahr
Source: cdsi.gov.sa

v t e Years in Saudi Arabia (1932–present)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
Pre-1932 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939

Prior to 20th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

External links