Thomas Morland
Sir Thomas Lethbridge Napier Morland | |
|---|---|
 Lt-Gen Sir Thomas Lethbridge Napier Morland | |
| Born | 9 August 1865 Montreal, Canada East |
| Died | 21 May 1925 (aged 59) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | British Army |
| Years of service | 1884–1923 |
| Rank | General |
| Unit | King's Royal Rifle Corps |
| Commands | British Army of the Rhine XIII Corps X Corps 5th Division 14th Division 2nd London Division 2nd Infantry Brigade West African Field Force |
| Battles / wars | First World War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order Mentioned in Despatches |
General Sir Thomas Lethbridge Napier Morland, KCB, KCMG, DSO (9 August 1865 – 21 May 1925) was a senior British Army officer during the First World War.
Early life
[edit]Born in Montreal, Canada East,[1] Morland was the son of Thomas Morland and Helen Servante. Educated at Charterhouse School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Morland was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the King's Royal Rifle Corps in August 1884.[2][3]
Military career
[edit]Service in West Africa
[edit]Morland later served in Nigeria, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel and being appointed commanding officer of the West African Field Force in 1900.[2] The following year he was in command of an expedition to Yola, leading to the defeat and deposition of the Emir of Adamawa in September 1901, and to British occupation of the Adamawa Emirate, important for the later occupation of the Sokoto Caliphate as it reduced slave traffic through the Adamawa area. Morland was wounded by a poisoned arrow during the fighting, but stuck to his command. In a despatch describing the expedition, the acting High Commissioner of Northern Nigeria gave him "very great credit for the successful issue of this important expedition."[4] The following year he was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in recognition of his services (dated 25 April 1902).[5] In 1902 he was appointed commander of the forces in Northern Nigeria, and served as advisor to the French and British commissioners appointed for boundary delimitation in the area.[6] He led a British force to victory in the Battle of Kano in February 1903.[7] From 1905 to 1909, he was Inspector-General of the West African Field Force.[2]
First World War
[edit]In June 1910, after coming off of the half-pay list, Morland was promoted to temporary brigadier general and succeeded Nevil Macready in command of the 2nd Infantry Brigade,[8] a position he held until the outbreak of the First World War.[2]
Morland then became General Officer Commanding (GOC) 2nd London Division in August 1914, then GOC of 14th Division in September 1914 and finally GOC of 5th Division in October 1914.[2] He was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant general in July 1915,[9] and commanded X Corps from then through to April 1918.[2] During this time, he was one of General Sir Herbert Plumer's corps commanders at the Battle of Messines in 1917.[2]
Post-war
[edit]
At the end of the war, Morland, who in January 1918 was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general,[10] took command of XIII Corps, a position he held until 1920,[2] when he was promoted and made commander-in-chief of the British Army of the Rhine.[2] Two years later, he was appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Aldershot Command and promoted to full general.[2] He retired the following year, in 1923.[2]
Morland died on 21 May 1925 and was buried in the English cemetery at Villeneuve, Montreux.[2]
Family
[edit]In 1890, Morland married Mabel St. John, with whom he had two daughters.[2]
In popular culture
[edit]Morland was portrayed by Eric Carte in the 2006 BBC docudrama The Somme - From Defeat to Victory.
References
[edit]- ^ (in French) Michel Veyron, Dictionnaire canadien des noms propres, p.449
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Thomas Morland". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35109. Retrieved 17 June 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "No. 25389". The London Gazette. 22 August 1884. p. 3831.
- ^ "No. 27426". The London Gazette. 18 April 1902. pp. 2585–2587.
- ^ "No. 27428". The London Gazette. 25 April 1902. p. 2759.
- ^ "The delimitation of Northern Nigeria". The Times. No. 36939. London. 1 December 1902. p. 6.
- ^ "Capture of Kano". West Gippsland Gazette (Morning ed.). Warragul, Victoria: National Library of Australia. 19 May 1903. p. 6. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "No. 28384". The London Gazette. 14 June 1910. p. 4175.
- ^ "No. 29267". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 August 1915. p. 8247.
- ^ "No. 30450". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1919. p. 8.
Bibliography
[edit]- Thompson, Bill (2015). Morland - Great War Corps Commander: War Diaries & Letters, 1914-1918. Troubador Publishing. ISBN 978-1784622787.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1865 births
- 1925 deaths
- Military personnel from Montreal
- British Army generals of World War I
- Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
- King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
- Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
- Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
- People educated at Charterhouse School
- Royal West African Frontier Force officers
- Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
- British expatriates in Nigeria
- People from colonial Nigeria
- British Army generals
- 19th-century British Army personnel