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Phi Delta Delta
ΦΔΔ
FoundedNovember 11, 1911; 113 years ago (1911-11-11)
University of Southern California, Law School
TypeProfessional
Former affiliationPFA
StatusMerged
Merge dateAugust 12, 1972
SuccessorPhi Alpha Delta
EmphasisLaw, Women
ScopeInternational
Member badgePhi Delta Delta badge
Colors  Old rose and   Violet
FlowerRose and Violet
JewelPearl
PublicationThe Phi Delta Delta
Chapters68
Members5,000 lifetime
Headquarters
United States

Phi Delta Delta (ΦΔΔ) was a women's professional law fraternity founded in November 1911 at the University of Southern California.[1] It merged with Phi Alpha Delta in 1972.[2][3]

History

[edit]

Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority was founded at the Law School of the University of Southern California on November 11, 1911.[4][5] Its founders were Georgia Bullock, Gladys Morre Brown, Sarah Patten Doherty, Annette Fillius Hunley, and Vere Radir-Norton.[4][5] Its purpose was "to promote a higher standard of professional ethics and culture among women in law schools and the legal profession."[5] Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation in California on October 25, 1912.[6]

The fraternity went national with the opening of its Beta chapter at the Washington College of Law and Gamma chapter at the Chicago-Kent College of Law in April 1913.[4] This was followed by the Delta chapter at the University of Oregon Law School in 1914. Phi Delta Delta held its first national convention in Los Angeles on August 20–22, 1917 with delegates from Alpha, Delta, and Epsilon chapters.[6][7]

The fraternity's publication was The Phi Delta Delta.[8] It was established at the fraternity's first convention in 1917 as an annual publication.[7] Initially, it was called Oak Leaves and was edited by a member of the Zeta chapter.[7] At the fraternity's second convention, the publication's frequency was changed to semiannual, along with the name change to The Phi Delta Delta.[7] Its frequency became quarterly after the fraternity's third convention in 1924.[7]

Phi Delta Delta became an international fraternity in 1926 with the establishment of the Omega chapter at the Vancouver School of Law in Vancouver, Canada in January 1926.[4] It also added chapters in Cuba, England, and South America.[9][10] By March 1926, it was the largest legal sorority in the United States.[9] The fraternity eventually expanded to include 5,000 members and 68 chapters in the United States and Canada.[4][2][11]

Phi Delta Delta created an endowment fund that provided loans to students in their last year of law school.[12] In addition, it provided scholarship keys at graduation for scholastic excellence in law school.[12]

Each year at the American Bar Association conference, Phi Delta Delta sponsored a breakfast for deans of law schools, judges, prominent members of the association, and fraternity members.[12] The fraternity also had a speakers bureau on its research interests, including coordinating council movement, juvenile delinquency, legislation impacting women, the probation and parole system, restatement of the law, and taxation.[12]

Merger

[edit]

In 1970, the all-male legal fraternity Phi Alpha Delta amended its constitution to accept female members.[2] In 1971, Phi Delta Delta began negotiating a merger with Phi Alpha Delta.[11] Both fraternities held conventions in San Diego on August 9–12, 1972.[11] Phi Delta Delta and Phi Alpha Delta reached a merger agreement on August 12, 1972.[2][11] At this time, all members of Phi Delta Delta became members of Phi Alpha Delta.[2] Its chapters were renamed when they merged into Phi Alpha Delta.[13]

Archival records of Phi Alpha Delta are stored in the special collections of the Charles E. Young Research Library at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Washburn University School of Law.[5][14]

Symbols

[edit]

The colors of Phi Delta Delta were old rose and violet.[1] Its official flowers were the rose and the violet.[1] Its jewel was the pearl.[1]

The fraternity's badge was a flat-topped kite of black enamel, with an anagram of the Greek letters Φ, Δ and Δ, grouped so that the two Deltas appeared as the twin pans of a balance scale.[4][1]

Chapters

[edit]
Main article: List of Phi Delta Delta chapters

All chapters are now inactive, most having merged into Phi Alpha Delta.

Notable members

[edit]
Name Chapter Notability References
Edith Atkinson Rho judge [15][16][17]
Othilia Carroll Beals Epsilon lawyer and judge [18]
Georgia Bullock Alpha first female Superior Court judge in California [19][20][21]
Litta Belle Hibbon Campbell Alpha attorney, professor, and the first female deputy district attorney in the United States [22][21]
H. Alberta Colclaser Pi aviation lawyer and foreign service officer [23]
Lucile Atcherson Curtis first woman appointed as a United States Diplomatic Officer [24]
Harriet Daggett Alpha Tau attorney and professor [25]
Mercedes Deiz Xi judge [26]
Oda Faulconer Alpha lawyer, judge, and the president of the Bank of Italy [21]
Zula Inez Ferguson Iota advertising manager at Blackstone's [27]
Betty Binns Fletcher Epsilon United States circuit judge [18]
Marion Janet Harron Beta Beta lawyer and United States Tax Court judge [28]
Sybil Holmes Eta politician and the first woman elected to the Massachusetts Senate [29]
Lucy Somerville Howorth Beta Gamma lawyer, politician, and the first woman to serve in the Mississippi Legislature [28]
Shirley Hufsteler Beta Delta, Los Angeles Alumnae chapter attorney, judge, and United States Secretary of Education [30][31]
Reba Hurn Epsilon lawyer and Washington state legislator [18][32]
May Darlington Lahey Alpha lawyer, judge, first Australian woman to serve as a judge [33][19]
Manche Irene Langley Xi lawyer and professor at Pacific University [34]
Mary Florence Lathrop lawyer [16]
Mildred Lillie Beta Beta justice, Court of Appeals of the State of California [30]
Annabel Matthews Gamma judge of the United States Board of Tax Appeals [35][24][36]
Margaret M. McChesney Eta lawyer [37]
Mary O'Toole Beta U.S. District Court judge, first woman municipal judge of the United States [38][16][36]
Ruth Bryan Owen U.S. House of Representatives. U.S. Envoy to Denmark, pioneering filmmaker [36]
Emma Fall Schofield judge [16]
Orfa Jean Shontz Alpha lawyer and judge [39][20][21]
Sara Soffel Lambda lawyer and judge [40]
Mary Jane Spurlin Xi judge [26]
F. Josephine Stevenson Alpha lawyer
Martha Ware Eta district court judge [29]
Ida V. Wells Alpha lawyer [21]
Reah Whitehead Epsilon lawyer and justice of the peace [18]
Mabel Walker Willebrandt Alpha U.S. Assistant Attorney General [21][16][24][36]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Martin, Ida Shaw. The Sorority Handbook (6 ed.). Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company, Collegiate Press. p. 89. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e "1970s: A Fraternity of Firsts." Phi Delta Delta History History, accessed 4 December 2021.
  3. ^ Laura Duncan, “Happy Birthday, PADs”, Chicago Daily Law Bulletin, November 13, 1992. Law Bulletin Publishing Company (Chicago, 1992)
  4. ^ a b c d e f Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. VIII-43. ISBN 978-0963715906.
  5. ^ a b c d "Finding Aid for the Phi Delta Delta Legal Fraternity (International) Records, 1924-1967". Oneline Archive of California. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  6. ^ a b "Milestones". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 70. November 1973.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Phi Delta Delta Magazine". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 77-78. November 1973.
  8. ^ U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare - Office of Education (1960). Education Directory 1960-1961: Part 1 Federal Government and States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 51 – via Google Books.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ a b "Phi Delta Delta". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. 1926-03-07. p. 15. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspaper.com.
  10. ^ "Phi Delta Delta to Install Chapter". Argus-Leader. 1927-11-04. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ a b c d "From the Editor" (PDF). The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 1. November 1973.
  12. ^ a b c d "Miss Herndon is to Attend Coast Meeting: Biennial Conventionl of Phi Delta Delta". Tulsa World. 1940-07-21. p. 28. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ PAD chapter locator, accessed 17 Jul 2022.
  14. ^ "Phi Delta Delta - Kappa Chapter Meeting Minutes 1923-1971". Washburn Law Digital Collections. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  15. ^ "Edith M. Atkinson". Colusa Herald. 21 October 1926. p. 3. Retrieved March 14, 2023 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  16. ^ a b c d e "Noted Women Are Coming to Buffalo for Convention". The Buffalo News. 1927-08-31. p. 19. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  17. ^ "Women Attorneys Called too Modest; Should Appear More Often in Court, Justice Finch Tells Phi Delta Delta Convention" (PDF). The New York Times. November 12, 1933. pp. N3. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  18. ^ a b c d "Epsilon". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 19-20. November 1973.
  19. ^ a b "Alpha". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
  20. ^ a b "Sorority to Honor Women Lawyers at Banquet". Los Angeles Herald. 19 February 1913. p. 4. Retrieved March 14, 2023 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  21. ^ a b c d e f "Society: Sorority Banquet". The Los Angeles Times. 1916-03-26. p. 38. Retrieved 2023-03-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "Campbell, Litta Belle Hibbon". Women's Legal History. Stanford University Law. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  23. ^ Shine, Mary (1947-01-05). "U.S. Aviation Office's Legal Adviser Makes Plane Piloting Her Hobby". Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph. p. 35. Retrieved 2023-03-14 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ a b c "Chic Modern Portias Know Style as Well as Stututes: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority". Times Union. 1930-08-24. p. 111. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "Alpha Tau". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 38. November 1973.
  26. ^ a b "Xi". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 25. November 1973.
  27. ^ Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A. (1928). Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America. University of Connecticut Libraries. Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press. p. 41 – via Internet Archive.
  28. ^ a b "Phi Delta Delta Will Give Party for Rushees Sunday". Evening Star. 1940-01-31. p. 26. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ a b "Eta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 22. November 1973.
  30. ^ a b "The Members of Phi Delta Delta". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 17. November 1973.
  31. ^ "Prominent P.A.D. Members". Phi Alpha Delta.
  32. ^ Binheim, Max; Elvin, Charles A. (1928). Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America. University of Connecticut Libraries. Los Angeles, Calif., Publishers Press. p. 195 – via Internet Archive.
  33. ^ Lahey, May D. "History's Path of Women Jurist". The Phi Delta Delta. 51: 64. November 1973.
  34. ^ Allen, Trudy (Fall 1997). "Pioneers: Manche Irene Langley" (PDF). Advance Sheet. 8 (4): 3 – via Oregon Women Lawyers.
  35. ^ "Collection: Papers of Annabel Matthews, 1880-1960 (inclusive), 1901-1960 (bulk) | HOLLIS for". hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  36. ^ a b c d "Founder Day Banquet to Draw Many: Phi Delta Delta Legal Sorority". Evening Star. 1935-11-10. p. 46. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ "Portia Law graduates to go to P.D.D. Meeting". The Boston Globe. 1930-08-23. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ "Fraternity's President is Guest: Phi Delta Delta's Beta Chapter Entertains". Evening Star. 1940-03-03. p. 55. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "L.A. Woman Elected Head of Fraternity". Los Angeles Herald. 22 August 1917. p. 10. Retrieved March 14, 2023 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
  40. ^ "Women Lawyers Will Meet Here". Harrisburg Telegraph. 1933-11-01. p. 4. Retrieved 2023-03-15 – via Newspapers.com.
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