Template:Infobox vanadium/sandbox

Vanadium, ₀₀V

Vanadium
Pronunciation	/vəˈneɪdiəm/ ​(və-NAY-dee-əm)
Appearance	blue-silver-grey metal
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)
	50.9415±0.0001 50.942±0.001 (abridged)
Vanadium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ V ↓ Nb titanium ← vanadium → chromium
Group	group 5
Period	period 4
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 11, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2183 K ​(1910 °C, ​3470 °F)
Boiling point	3680 K ​(3407 °C, ​6165 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	6.0 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	5.5 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	21.5 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	444 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.89 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2101 2289 2523 2814 3187 3679
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.63
Ionization energies	1st: 650.9 kJ/mol 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	153±8 pm
Spectral lines of vanadium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	4560 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	8.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	30.7 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	197 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+255.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	128 GPa
Shear modulus	47 GPa
Bulk modulus	160 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.37
Mohs hardness	6.7
Vickers hardness	628–640 MPa
Brinell hardness	600–742 MPa
CAS Number	7440-62-2
History
Discovery	1801
First isolation	Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Named by	Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Isotopes of vanadium
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 48V synth 16 d β+ 48Ti 49V synth 330 d ε 49Ti 50V 0.25% 2.71×1017 y β+ 50Ti 51V 99.8% stable