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| Rune
|
UCS
|
Trans.
|
IPA
|
Proto-Germanic name
|
Meaning
|
 |
ᚠ
|
f
|
/ɸ/, /f/
|
*fehu
|
"chattel, wealth"
|
 |
ᚢ
|
u
|
/u(ː)/
|
?*ūruz
|
"aurochs", Wild ox (or *ûram "water/slag"?)
|
 |
ᚦ
|
þ
|
/θ/, /ð/
|
?*þurisaz
|
"Thurs" (see Jötunn) or *þunraz ("the god Thunraz")
|
 |
ᚨ
|
a
|
/a(ː)/
|
*ansuz
|
"god"
|
 |
ᚱ
|
r
|
/r/
|
*raidō
|
"ride, journey"
|
 |
ᚲ
|
k (c)
|
/k/
|
?*kaunan
|
"ulcer"? (or *kenaz "torch"?)
|
 |
ᚷ
|
g
|
/ɡ/
|
*gebō
|
"gift"
|
 |
ᚹ
|
w
|
/w/
|
*wunjō
|
"joy"
|
  |
ᚺ ᚻ
|
h
|
/h/
|
*hagalaz
|
"hail" (the precipitation)
|
 |
ᚾ
|
n
|
/n/
|
*naudiz
|
"need"
|
 |
ᛁ
|
i
|
/i(ː)/
|
*īsaz
|
"ice"
|
 |
ᛃ
|
j
|
/j/
|
*jēra-
|
"year, good year, harvest"
|
 |
ᛇ
|
ï (æ)
|
/æː/[1]
|
*ī(h)waz
|
"yew-tree"
|
 |
ᛈ
|
p
|
/p/
|
?*perþ-
|
meaning unknown; possibly "pear-tree".
|
 |
ᛉ
|
z
|
/z/
|
?*algiz
|
"elk" (or "protection, defence"[2])
|
  |
ᛊ ᛋ
|
s
|
/s/
|
*sōwilō
|
"sun"
|
 |
ᛏ
|
t
|
/t/
|
*tīwaz
|
"the god Tiwaz"
|
 |
ᛒ
|
b
|
/b/
|
*berkanan
|
"birch"
|
 |
ᛖ
|
e
|
/e(ː)/
|
*ehwaz
|
"horse"
|
 |
ᛗ
|
m
|
/m/
|
*mannaz
|
"man"
|
 |
ᛚ
|
l
|
/l/
|
*laguz
|
"water, lake" (or possibly *laukaz "leek")
|
  |
ᛜ
|
ŋ
|
/ŋ/
|
*ingwaz
|
"the god Ingwaz"
|
 |
ᛞ
|
d
|
/d/
|
*dagaz
|
"day"
|
 |
ᛟ
|
o
|
/o(ː)/
|
*ōþila-/*ōþala-
|
"heritage, estate, possession"
|
- ^ also rendered /ɛː/, see Proto-Germanic phonology.
- ^ Ralph Warren, Victor Elliott, Runes: an introduction, Manchester University Press ND, 1980, 51-53.
