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|Section8={{Chembox Hazard/sandbox|...}}
Demo 1 Magnesium sulfate
[edit]Magnesium sulfate (not an exact copy)
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate
| |
Epsomite (heptahydrate)
| |
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Magnesium sulfate
| |
Other names
Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
English salt Bitter salts | |
Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
Abbreviations | abbr |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
| |
| |
Properties | |
MgSO4 | |
Molar mass | 120.366 g/mol (anhydrous) 138.38 g/mol (monohydrate) 174.41 g/mol (trihydrate) 210.44 g/mol (pentahydrate) 228.46 g/mol (hexahydrate) 246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate) |
Appearance | white crystalline solid |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate) |
Melting point | anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C |
anhydrous 26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) 25.5 g/100 mL (20 °C) 50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate 71 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
Solubility | 1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether) slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol insoluble in acetone |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.523 (monohydrate) 1.433 (heptahydrate) |
Structure | |
monoclinic (hydrate) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 38 °C; 100 °F; 311 K[1] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
|
Beryllium sulfate Calcium sulfate Strontium sulfate Barium sulfate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate
| |
Epsomite (heptahydrate)
| |
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Magnesium sulfate
| |
Other names
Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
English salt Bitter salts | |
Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
Abbreviations | abbr |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
| |
| |
Properties | |
MgSO4 | |
Molar mass | 120.366 g/mol (anhydrous) 138.38 g/mol (monohydrate) 174.41 g/mol (trihydrate) 210.44 g/mol (pentahydrate) 228.46 g/mol (hexahydrate) 246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate) |
Appearance | white crystalline solid |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate) |
Melting point | anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C |
anhydrous 26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) 25.5 g/100 mL (20 °C) 50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate 71 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
Solubility | 1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether) slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol insoluble in acetone |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.523 (monohydrate) 1.433 (heptahydrate) |
Structure | |
monoclinic (hydrate) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 38 °C; 100 °F; 311 K[2] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
|
Beryllium sulfate Calcium sulfate Strontium sulfate Barium sulfate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Demo 2
[edit]distorted
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Magnesium sulfate
| |
Other names
Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
English salt Bitter salts | |
Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
| |
| |
Properties | |
MgSO4 | |
Molar mass | 120.366 g/mol (anhydrous) 138.38 g/mol (monohydrate) 174.41 g/mol (trihydrate) 210.44 g/mol (pentahydrate) 228.46 g/mol (hexahydrate) 246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate) |
Appearance | white crystalline solid |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate) |
Melting point | anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C |
anhydrous 26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) 25.5 g/100 mL (20 °C) 50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate 71 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
Solubility | 1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether) slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol insoluble in acetone |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.523 (monohydrate) 1.433 (heptahydrate) |
Structure | |
monoclinic (hydrate) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
|
Beryllium sulfate Calcium sulfate Strontium sulfate Barium sulfate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Magnesium sulfate
| |
Other names
Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
English salt Bitter salts | |
Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
| |
| |
Properties | |
MgSO4 | |
Molar mass | 120.366 g/mol (anhydrous) 138.38 g/mol (monohydrate) 174.41 g/mol (trihydrate) 210.44 g/mol (pentahydrate) 228.46 g/mol (hexahydrate) 246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate) |
Appearance | white crystalline solid |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate) |
Melting point | anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C |
anhydrous 26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) 25.5 g/100 mL (20 °C) 50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate 71 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
Solubility | 1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether) slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol insoluble in acetone |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.523 (monohydrate) 1.433 (heptahydrate) |
Structure | |
monoclinic (hydrate) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
|
Beryllium sulfate Calcium sulfate Strontium sulfate Barium sulfate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Demo 3
[edit]cat checks Other, break
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Magnesium sulfate
| |
Other names
Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
English salt Bitter salts | |
Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
| |
| |
Properties | |
MgSO4 | |
Molar mass | 120.366 g/mol (anhydrous) 138.38 g/mol (monohydrate) 174.41 g/mol (trihydrate) 210.44 g/mol (pentahydrate) 228.46 g/mol (hexahydrate) 246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate) |
Appearance | white crystalline solid |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate) |
Melting point | anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C |
anhydrous 26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) 25.5 g/100 mL (20 °C) 50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate 71 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
Solubility | 1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether) slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol insoluble in acetone |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.523 (monohydrate) 1.433 (heptahydrate) |
Structure | |
monoclinic (hydrate) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
A-ignit 50 °C (122 °F; 323 K) | |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
|
Beryllium sulfate Calcium sulfate Strontium sulfate Barium sulfate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name
Magnesium sulfate
| |
Other names
Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
English salt Bitter salts | |
Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
PubChem CID
|
|
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
| |
| |
Properties | |
MgSO4 | |
Molar mass | 120.366 g/mol (anhydrous) 138.38 g/mol (monohydrate) 174.41 g/mol (trihydrate) 210.44 g/mol (pentahydrate) 228.46 g/mol (hexahydrate) 246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate) |
Appearance | white crystalline solid |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) 1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate) |
Melting point | anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C |
anhydrous 26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) 25.5 g/100 mL (20 °C) 50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C) heptahydrate 71 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
Solubility | 1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether) slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol insoluble in acetone |
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.523 (monohydrate) 1.433 (heptahydrate) |
Structure | |
monoclinic (hydrate) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
A-ignit 50 °C (122 °F; 323 K) | |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
Related compounds | |
Other cations
|
Beryllium sulfate Calcium sulfate Strontium sulfate Barium sulfate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Ammonia
[edit]
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
IUPAC name
Azane
| |||
Other names
Hydrogen nitride
Trihydrogen nitride | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
3DMet | |||
3587154 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
EC Number |
| ||
79 | |||
KEGG | |||
MeSH | Ammonia | ||
PubChem CID
|
|||
RTECS number |
| ||
UNII | |||
UN number | 1005 | ||
| |||
| |||
Properties | |||
NH3 | |||
Molar mass | 17.031 g/mol | ||
Appearance | Colourless gas | ||
Odor | strong pungent odor | ||
Density | 0.86 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at boiling point) 0.769 kg/m3 (STP)[3] | ||
Melting point | −77.73 °C (−107.91 °F; 195.42 K) | ||
Boiling point | −33.34 °C (−28.01 °F; 239.81 K) | ||
47% w/w (0 °C) 31% w/w (25 °C) 18% w/w (50 °C)[6] | |||
Solubility | soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanol | ||
Vapor pressure | 8573 h Pa | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 32.5 (−33 °C),[7] 10.5 (DMSO) | ||
Basicity (pKb) | 4.75 | ||
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.3327 | ||
Structure | |||
C3v | |||
Trigonal pyramid | |||
1.42 D | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
193 J·mol−1·K−1[8] | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−46 kJ·mol−1[8] | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
[9] | |||
H221, H280, H314, H331, H400[9] | |||
P210, P261, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310[9] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | flammable gas (see text) | ||
651 °C (1,204 °F; 924 K) | |||
Explosive limits | 15–28% | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
|
0.015 mL/kg (human, oral) | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH- TLV; 35 ppm STEL) | ||
Related compounds | |||
Other cations
|
Phosphine Arsine Stibine | ||
Related nitrogen hydrides
|
Hydrazine Hydrazoic acid | ||
Related compounds
|
Ammonium hydroxide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
IUPAC name
Azane
| |||
Other names
Hydrogen nitride
Trihydrogen nitride | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
3DMet | |||
3587154 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
EC Number |
| ||
79 | |||
KEGG | |||
MeSH | Ammonia | ||
PubChem CID
|
|||
RTECS number |
| ||
UNII | |||
UN number | 1005 | ||
| |||
| |||
Properties | |||
NH3 | |||
Molar mass | 17.031 g/mol | ||
Appearance | Colourless gas | ||
Odor | strong pungent odor | ||
Density | 0.86 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at boiling point) 0.769 kg/m3 (STP)[10] | ||
Melting point | −77.73 °C (−107.91 °F; 195.42 K) | ||
Boiling point | −33.34 °C (−28.01 °F; 239.81 K) | ||
47% w/w (0 °C) 31% w/w (25 °C) 18% w/w (50 °C)[13] | |||
Solubility | soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanol | ||
Vapor pressure | 8573 h Pa | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 32.5 (−33 °C),[14] 10.5 (DMSO) | ||
Basicity (pKb) | 4.75 | ||
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.3327 | ||
Structure | |||
C3v | |||
Trigonal pyramid | |||
1.42 D | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
193 J·mol−1·K−1[8] | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−46 kJ·mol−1[8] | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
[9] | |||
H221, H280, H314, H331, H400[9] | |||
P210, P261, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310[9] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | flammable gas (see text) | ||
651 °C (1,204 °F; 924 K) | |||
Explosive limits | 15–28% | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
|
0.015 mL/kg (human, oral) | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH- TLV; 35 ppm STEL) | ||
Related compounds | |||
Other cations
|
Phosphine Arsine Stibine | ||
Related nitrogen hydrides
|
Hydrazine Hydrazoic acid | ||
Related compounds
|
Ammonium hydroxide | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Uses:
| ImageFile2 = <nowiki>Orthoperiodic acid</nowiki>
| |||
Orthoperiodic acid | |||
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
Other names
| |||
Identifiers | |||
| |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
| ||
ChemSpider | |||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| |||
| |||
Properties | |||
H5IO6 (orthoperiodic) HIO4 (metaperiodic) | |||
Molar mass | 227.941 g/mol (H5IO6) 190.91 g/mol (HIO4) | ||
Appearance | Colourless crystals | ||
Density | 1.4 kg/m3 (orthoperiodic) | ||
Melting point | 128.5 °C (263.3 °F; 401.6 K)[15] | ||
Solubility | soluble in water, alcohols | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
H271, H314, H372, H400 | |||
P210, P260, P273, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
Related compounds | |||
Other anions
|
| ||
Other cations
|
|||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
| |||
Orthoperiodic acid | |||
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
Other names
| |||
Identifiers | |||
| |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
| ||
ChemSpider | |||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| |||
| |||
Properties | |||
H5IO6 (orthoperiodic) HIO4 (metaperiodic) | |||
Molar mass | 227.941 g/mol (H5IO6) 190.91 g/mol (HIO4) | ||
Appearance | Colourless crystals | ||
Density | 1.4 kg/m3 (orthoperiodic) | ||
Melting point | 128.5 °C (263.3 °F; 401.6 K)[16] | ||
Solubility | soluble in water, alcohols | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
H271, H314, H372, H400 | |||
P210, P260, P273, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
Related compounds | |||
Other anions
|
| ||
Other cations
|
|||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Chloral hydrate (pharma)
[edit]
Pharmacology | |
---|---|
Oral codeine/syrup, rectal suppository | |
Pharmacokinetics: | |
well absorbed | |
converted to trichloroethanol, hepatic and renal | |
8–10 hours in plasma | |
bile, feces, urine (various metabolites not unchanged) | |
Legal status |
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Pharmacology | |
---|---|
Oral codeine/syrup, rectal suppository | |
Pharmacokinetics: | |
well absorbed | |
converted to trichloroethanol, hepatic and renal | |
8–10 hours in plasma | |
bile, feces, urine (various metabolites not unchanged) | |
Legal status |
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Pharma: legal
[edit]
Pharmacology | |
---|---|
License data | |
Legal status |
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Pharmacology | |
---|---|
License data | |
Legal status |
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
REL
[edit]Wikipedia_talk:Chemical_infobox#Would_look_like
Hazards | |
---|---|
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):[17] | |
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 400 ppm (1400 mg/m3) |
REL (Recommended)
|
PEL, and ST 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
2000 ppm |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Hazards | |
---|---|
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):[19][18] | |
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 400 ppm (1400 mg/m3) |
REL (Recommended)
|
PEL, and ST 15 ppm (37 mg/m3) |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
2000 ppm |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Hazards | |
---|---|
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):[20] | |
REL (Recommended)
|
rel |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Hazards | |
---|---|
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):[21] | |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
IDLH |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Blank REL test chemobox
[edit]Hazards | |
---|---|
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):[23][22] | |
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
1500 ppm |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Teixobactin
[edit]drugbox
[edit]Clinical data | |
---|---|
ATC code |
|
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | Unknown |
Protein binding | Unknown |
Metabolism | Unknown |
Onset of action | Unknown |
Elimination half-life | Unknown |
Excretion | Unknown |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | |
PubChem CID | |
ChemSpider | |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C58H95N15O15 |
Molar mass | 1242.47 g/mol g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
|
Teixobactin /ˌteɪks.oʊ.ˈbæk.tɪn/
(blank setup)
[edit]== (test) == {{purge}} <div style="float=right;"> {{chembox | Name = live }}</div> <!-- --> <div style="float:left;"> {{chembox/sandbox | Name = sandboxes }}</div>{{clear}}<!-- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -->
E number
[edit]
<div style="float=right;"> {{chembox | Name = live |E_number = 999
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
refs
[edit]- ^ abc
- ^ abc
- ^ http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html
- ^ Yost, Don M. (2007). "Ammonia and Liquid Ammonia Solutions". Systematic Inorganic Chemistry. READ BOOKS. p. 132. ISBN 1-4067-7302-6.
- ^ Blum, Alexander (1975). "On crystalline character of transparent solid ammonia". Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids. 24 (4): 277. doi:10.1080/00337577508240819.
- ^ Budavari, Susan, ed. (1996). The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (12th ed.). Merck. ISBN 0-911910-12-3.
- ^ Perrin, D. D., Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution; 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1982.
- ^ a b c d Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
- ^ a b c d e f Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ammonia. Retrieved on 2013-07-20.
- ^ http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/gas-density-d_158.html
- ^ Yost, Don M. (2007). "Ammonia and Liquid Ammonia Solutions". Systematic Inorganic Chemistry. READ BOOKS. p. 132. ISBN 1-4067-7302-6.
- ^ Blum, Alexander (1975). "On crystalline character of transparent solid ammonia". Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids. 24 (4): 277. doi:10.1080/00337577508240819.
- ^ Budavari, Susan, ed. (1996). The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (12th ed.). Merck. ISBN 0-911910-12-3.
- ^ Perrin, D. D., Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution; 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1982.
- ^ Aylett, founded by A.F. Holleman ; continued by Egon Wiberg ; translated by Mary Eagleson, William Brewer ; revised by Bernhard J. (2001). Inorganic chemistry (1st English ed., [edited] by Nils Wiberg. ed.). San Diego, Calif. : Berlin: Academic Press, W. de Gruyter. p. 453. ISBN 0123526515.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Aylett, founded by A.F. Holleman ; continued by Egon Wiberg ; translated by Mary Eagleson, William Brewer ; revised by Bernhard J. (2001). Inorganic chemistry (1st English ed., [edited] by Nils Wiberg. ed.). San Diego, Calif. : Berlin: Academic Press, W. de Gruyter. p. 453. ISBN 0123526515.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards".
- ^ "Pocket Guide in general".
- ^ "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards".
- ^ "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards".
- ^ helloworld
- ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0278". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards".