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List of tallest structures in the Philippines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Philippines has a number of tall buildings and structures, completed, planned or under construction.

Tallest completed buildings

[edit]
See also: List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila

This list ranks the highest completed skyscrapers and buildings in the Philippines as of July 2022. Buildings and skyscrapers included here stand at least 150 metres (492 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement according to Emporis and CTBUH (unless otherwise stated, the two sources agree on the height of a building). This has been shortened because there is a very high number of highrise buildings between 100 metres (328 ft) and 150 metres (492 ft) within the country. (See also the more updated List of tallest buildings in Metro Manila.)

Existing partially habitable structures are included for comparison purposes; however, they are not ranked.

  Was the tallest building in the Philippines upon completion

  Not in Metro Manila (four entries)

  Non-building structures / partially habitable structures

Rank Building Location Height Floors Year (est.) Image Notes References


1 Metrobank Center Taguig, Metro Manila 318 m
(1,043 ft) 		66 2017 The tallest building in the Philippines since its completion earlier in 2016. Roof Height, CTBUH: 259.1 m (850 ft) [1][2]
— Net 25 Tower
(Communications tower) 		Quezon City, Metro Manila 276.4 m
(907 ft) 		— 2000
2 PBCom Tower Makati, Metro Manila 258.6 m
(848 ft) 		52 2000 The tallest building in the Philippines, 2000–2017 [3][4]
3 Trump Tower Manila Makati, Metro Manila 250.7 m
(823 ft) 		58 2017 2nd tallest residential building in the Philippines. [5][6]
4 The Gramercy Residences Makati, Metro Manila 250 m
(820 ft) 		73 2012 3rd tallest residential building in the Philippines.
CTBUH: 243.9 m (800 ft) 		[7][8]
Discovery Primea Makati, Metro Manila 250 m
(820 ft) 		68 2014 CTBUH: 238.8 m (783 ft) [9][10]
Shangri-La at the Fort, Manila Taguig, Metro Manila 250 m
(820 ft) 		61 2016 CTBUH: 229.3 m (752 ft) [11][12]
5 Shang Salcedo Place Makati, Metro Manila 249.80 m
(819.6 ft) 		67 2017 [13][14]
6 The Mega Tower Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 249.67 m
(819.1 ft) 		50 2021 [15][16]
7 Century Spire Tower Makati, Metro Manila 245 m
(804 ft) 		60 2022 Irregular and interesting shape [17][18]
8 The Imperium at Capital Commons Pasig, Metro Manila 240 m
(790 ft) 		63 2020 [19][20]
— Tower of Power
(Communications tower) 		Quezon City, Metro Manila 236.8 m
(777 ft) 		— 1988
9 Grand Riviera Suites Manila, Metro Manila 230 m
(750 ft) 		57 2014 [21][22]
The Royalton at Capitol Commons Pasig, Metro Manila 230 m
(750 ft) 		65 2019 [23][24]
10 One Shangri-La Place Tower North Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 227 m
(745 ft) 		64 2015 CTBUH: 222.3 m (729 ft) [25][26]
One Shangri-La Place Tower South Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 227 m
(745 ft) 		64 2015 CTBUH: 222.3 m (729 ft) [27][28]
The Suites at One Bonifacio High Street Taguig, Metro Manila 227 m
(745 ft) 		63 2019 [29][30]
11 Corporate Finance Plaza Pasig, Metro Manila 226.3 m
(742 ft) 		57 2021 [31][32]
12 The Skysuites Tower Quezon City, Metro Manila 223 m
(732 ft) 		44 2018 [33][34]
13 BSA Twin Tower 1 Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 221.2 m
(726 ft) 		55 2011 [35][36]
BSA Twin Tower 2 Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 221.2 m
(726 ft) 		55 2011 [37][38]
14 Alphaland Makati Place[39] Makati, Metro Manila 220 m
(720 ft) 		55 2017 [40][41]
— Sual Power Station Chimney
(Flue-gas stack) 		Sual, Pangasinan 220 m
(720 ft) 		—
— Millennium Transmitter
(Communications tower) 		Quezon City, Metro Manila 219.5 m
(720 ft) 		— 1969
15 GT International Tower Makati, Metro Manila 217.2 m
(713 ft) 		47 2001 [42][43]
16 The St. Francis Shangri-La Place Tower A Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 212.9 m
(698 ft) 		60 2009 [44][45]
The St. Francis Shangri-La Place Tower B Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 212.9 m
(698 ft) 		60 2009 [46][47]
17 Petron Megaplaza Makati, Metro Manila 210 m
(690 ft) 		45 1998 The tallest building in the Philippines from 1998–2000 [48][49]
Podium West Tower Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 210 m
(690 ft) 		48 2020 [50][51]
BDO Corporate Center Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 210 m
(690 ft) 		47 2015 CTBUH: 210.5 m (691 ft) [52][53]
Park Terraces Point Tower Makati, Metro Manila 210 m
(690 ft) 		59 2020 [54][55]
The Rise by Shangri-la Makati Makati, Metro Manila 210 m
(690 ft) 		63 2019 [56][57]
18 The Knightsbridge Residences Makati, Metro Manila 209 m
(686 ft) 		62 2014 [58][59]
19 UnionBank Plaza Pasig, Metro Manila 206.04 m
(676.0 ft) 		49 2004 [60][61]
20 Edades Tower Makati, Metro Manila 205 m
(673 ft) 		53 2014 CTBUH: 161.2 m (529 ft) [62][63]
21 The Residences at Greenbelt – San Lorenzo Tower Makati, Metro Manila 204.01 m
(669.3 ft) 		57 2009 [64][65]
22 1322 Golden Empire Tower Manila, Metro Manila 203 m
(666 ft) 		57 2002 [66][67]
One San Miguel Avenue Pasig, Metro Manila 203 m
(666 ft) 		54 2001 CTBUH: 182.9 m (600 ft) [68][69]
23 One Corporate Centre Pasig, Metro Manila 202 m
(663 ft) 		54 2009 [70][71]
24 One Rockwell West Tower Makati, Metro Manila 201.9 m
(662 ft) 		55 2010 [72][73]
25 Philamlife Tower Makati, Metro Manila 200 m
(660 ft) 		48 2000 [74][75]
Three Central Tower 2 Makati, Metro Manila 200 m
(660 ft) 		53 2016 [76][77]
— TV5 Satellite Tower
(Communications tower) 		Quezon City, Metro Manila 230.0 m
(754.6 ft) 		— 1990
26 Milano Residences Metro Manila 196 m
(643 ft) 		53 2016 [78][79]
27 Air Residences Makati, Metro Manila 195.6 m
(642 ft) 		60 2019 [80][81]
28 The Proscenium Residences at The Proscenium at Rockwell Makati, Metro Manila 195.4 m
(641 ft) 		60 2021 [82]
29 One Central Makati Makati, Metro Manila 195 m
(640 ft) 		50 2013 [83][84]
30 Ayala Triangle Garden North Makati, Metro Manila 194.6 m
(638 ft) 		40 2021 [85][86]
31 8 Forbestown Road Taguig, Metro Manila 194 m
(636 ft) 		53 2013 One of the tallest buildings in Bonifacio Global City.
CTBUH: 183 m (600 ft) 		[87][88]
32 Admiral Baysuites Manila, Metro Manila 193.2 m
(634 ft) 		52 2014 [89][90]
33 RCBC Plaza Yuchengco Tower Makati, Metro Manila 192.03 m
(630.0 ft) 		46 2001 [91][92]
34 Anchor Skysuites Manila, Metro Manila 190.6 m
(625 ft) 		56 2013 Tallest building in Binondo and all of Chinatown all over the world [93][94][95]
35 The Viridian in Greenhills San Juan City, Metro Manila 190 m
(620 ft) 		53 2016 [96][97]
36 Jollibee Tower Pasig, Metro Manila 188 m
(617 ft) 		40 2019 [98][99]
37 Park Terraces Tower 1 Makati, Metro Manila 187 m
(614 ft) 		49 2015 [100][101]
Park Terraces Tower 2 Makati, Metro Manila 187 m
(614 ft) 		49 2018 [102][103]
38 Rufino Pacific Tower Makati, Metro Manila 186 m
(610 ft) 		41 1994 Tallest building in the Philippines from 1994–1997.
CTBUH: 162 m (531 ft) 		[104][105]
Eastwood Global Plaza Quezon City, Metro Manila 186 m
(610 ft) 		49 2019 [106]
39 Green Residences Manila, Metro Manila 185 m
(607 ft) 		52 2016 [107]
GLAS Tower Pasig, Metro Manila 185 m
(607 ft) 		42 2020 [108]
Horizons 101 Tower 1 Cebu City, Cebu 185 m
(607 ft) 		55 2016 Tallest building in the Philippines outside Metro Manila.
CTBUH: 178 m (584 ft) 		[109][110]
40 The Kirov Tower at The Proscenium at Rockwell Makati, Metro Manila 184.5 m
(605 ft) 		56 2020 [111]
41 Summit One Tower Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 181.15 m
(594.3 ft) 		49 1998 [112]
42 Tower 6789 Makati, Metro Manila 180 m
(590 ft) 		34 2013 CTBUH: 180 m (590 ft) [113][114]
LKG Tower Makati, Metro Manila 180 m
(590 ft) 		38 2000 [115][116]
The Shang Grand Tower Makati, Metro Manila 180 m
(590 ft) 		46 2006 [117][118]
Marco Polo Ortigas Manila Pasig, Metro Manila 180 m
(590 ft) 		41 2014 [119]
The Finance Centre Taguig, Metro Manila 180 m
(590 ft) 		43 2018 CTBUH: 180.2 m (591 ft) [120][121]
43 Pacific Plaza Tower 1 Taguig, Metro Manila 179 m
(587 ft) 		52 2001 [122][123]
Pacific Plaza Tower 2 Taguig, Metro Manila 179 m
(587 ft) 		52 2001 [124][125]
Admiral Grandsuites Manila, Metro Manila 179 m
(587 ft) 		43 2020 [126]
Avant-Garde Residences Pasig, Metro Manila 179 m
(587 ft) 		45 2012 [127]
44 Atlanta Centre San Juan, Metro Manila 178.5 m
(586 ft) 		37 1998 [128][129]
45 Birch Tower Manila, Metro Manila 178 m
(584 ft) 		52 2012 [130][131]
Aspire Tower at Nuvo City Quezon City, Metro Manila 178 m
(584 ft) 		48 2012 [132][133]
46 The Sakura at The Proscenium at Rockwell Makati, Metro Manila 176.5 m
(579 ft) 		51 2018 [134]
47 Uptown Park Suites I Quezon City, Metro Manila 175.5 m
(576 ft) 		48 2019 [135][136]
48 Robinsons Equitable Tower Pasig, Metro Manila 175 m
(574 ft) 		45 1997 Tallest building in the Philippines from 1997–1998 [137][138]
49 One Roxas Triangle Makati, Metro Manila 174.25 m
(571.7 ft) 		51 2000 [139][140]
Two Roxas Triangle Makati, Metro Manila 174.25 m
(571.7 ft) 		51 2019 [141][142]
R Square Residences Manila, Metro Manila 174.25 m
(571.7 ft) 		52 2019 [143]
50 Robinsons Summit Center Makati, Metro Manila 174 m
(571 ft) 		38 2001 [144][145]
Paragon Plaza Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 174 m
(571 ft) 		43 1998 [146]
51 Twin Oaks Place East Tower Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 173 m
(568 ft) 		51 2018 [147][148]
Twin Oaks Place West Tower Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 173 m
(568 ft) 		51 2014 CTBUH: 171.6 m (563 ft) [149][150]
52 Enterprise Center Tower One Makati, Metro Manila 172 m
(564 ft) 		45 1999 [151][152]
53 The Residences at Greenbelt‑Manila Tower Makati, Metro Manila 171 m
(561 ft) 		48 2010 [153][154]
The Residences at Greenbelt‑Laguna Tower Makati, Metro Manila 171 m
(561 ft) 		48 2008 [155][156]
54 RCBC Plaza Tower 2 Makati, Metro Manila 170 m
(560 ft) 		41 2001 [157][158]
The Beacon – Arnaiz Tower Makati, Metro Manila 170 m
(560 ft) 		50 2013 CTBUH: 197 m (646 ft) [159][160]
Noble Place Manila, Metro Manila 170 m
(560 ft) 		47 2018 [161][162]
Trion Towers 1 Taguig, Metro Manila 170 m
(560 ft) 		49 2012 [163]
Trion Towers 2 Taguig, Metro Manila 170 m
(560 ft) 		49 2015 [164]
Trion Towers 3 Taguig, Metro Manila 170 m
(560 ft) 		49 2019 [165]
Uptown Ritz Residence Taguig, Metro Manila 170 m
(560 ft) 		45 2018 [166]
55 Pearl of the Orient Tower Manila, Metro Manila 168 m
(551 ft) 		42 2004 [167][168]
Crown Regency Cebu – Fuente Tower 1 Cebu City, Cebu 168 m
(551 ft) 		45 2005 CTBUH: 157 m (515 ft) [169][170]
56 Discovery Suites Pasig, Metro Manila 167 m
(548 ft) 		40 1999 Tallest hotel building in the Philippines [171][172]
RCBC Savings Bank Corporate Center Taguig, Metro Manila 167 m
(548 ft) 		37 2013 [173][174]
Horizons 101 Tower 2 Cebu City, Cebu 167 m
(548 ft) 		46 2019 CTBUH: 157 m (515 ft) [175][176]
57 Exquadra (Unioil) Tower Pasig, Metro Manila 166.6 m
(547 ft) 		38 2020 [177][178]
58 GA Twin Tower I Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 165.3 m
(542 ft) 		40 2005 [179][180]
GA Twin Tower II Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 165.3 m
(542 ft) 		40 2008 [181][182]
59 One Rockwell East Tower Makati, Metro Manila 165.2 m
(542 ft) 		45 2011 [183][184]
60 Flair Towers – North Tower Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 165 m
(541 ft) 		52 2015 [185][186]
Flair Towers – South Tower Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 165 m
(541 ft) 		52 2014 [187][188]
Torre de Manila Manila, Metro Manila 165 m
(541 ft) 		47 2019 Most controversial project in Manila. [189][190]
61 The Cebu Exchange Cebu City, Cebu 164 m
(538 ft) 		39 2021 [191][192]
62 One Uptown Residence Taguig, Metro Manila 163 m
(535 ft) 		45 2018 CTBUH: 147 m (482 ft) [193][194]
63 Net Park Taguig, Metro Manila 162 m
(531 ft) 		38 2016 [195][196]
64 Rizal Tower Makati, Metro Manila 161 m
(528 ft) 		47 2000 CTBUH: 156 m (512 ft) [197][198]
65 The Lincoln Tower at The Proscenium at Rockwell Makati, Metro Manila 160.5 m
(527 ft) 		47 2013 [199]
66 Ayala Tower One Makati, Metro Manila 160 m
(520 ft) 		35 1996 First building in the Philippines to be known as a "skyscraper" [200][201]
Orient Square Pasig, Metro Manila 160 m
(520 ft) 		38 1999 [202]
Uptown Park Suites II Taguig, Metro Manila 160 m
(520 ft) 		48 2019 [203][204]
Victoria Sports Tower A Quezon City, Metro Manila 160 m
(520 ft) 		46 2019 [205]
Victoria Sports Tower B Quezon City, Metro Manila 160 m
(520 ft) 		46 2019 [206]
Soho Central Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 160 m
(520 ft) 		41 2008 [207]
ADB Avenue Tower Pasig, Metro Manila 160 m
(520 ft) 		40 2014 [208]
67 Lancaster Suites One Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 158 m
(518 ft) 		42 2007 [209][210]
The Beacon – Amorsolo Tower Makati, Metro Manila 158 m
(518 ft) 		44 2016 [211][212]
The Beacon – Roces Tower Makati, Metro Manila 158 m
(518 ft) 		44 2011 [213][214]
68 Kroma Tower Makati, Metro Manila 157 m
(515 ft) 		52 2018 [215][216]
69 I’M Hotel Makati, Metro Manila 156 m
(512 ft) 		45 2017 [217]
Bellagio Towers C Taguig, Metro Manila 156 m
(512 ft) 		40 2010 [218][219]
70 Exportbank Plaza Makati, Metro Manila 155 m
(509 ft) 		36 1998 [220][221]
Zuellig Building Makati, Metro Manila 155 m
(509 ft) 		42 2012 [222][223]
The Lorraine Tower at The Proscenium at Rockwell Makati, Metro Manila 156 m
(512 ft) 		56 2020 [224]
71 BSA Tower Makati Makati, Metro Manila 153.9 m
(505 ft) 		37 1998 [225][226]
72 The World Centre Makati, Metro Manila 152.4 m
(500 ft) 		30 1995 [227][228]
73 Dream Tower at Nuvo City Quezon City, Metro Manila 152.3 m
(500 ft) 		48 2019 [229][230]
74 Salcedo Park Twin Towers Makati, Metro Manila 151 m
(495 ft) 		41 1996 [231]
75 Wharton Parksuites Manila, Metro Manila 150.75 m
(494.6 ft) 		39 2012 [232][233]
76 Pacific Plaza Condominium Makati, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		44 1992 Tallest building in the Philippines from 1992–1994; tallest observation tower in the Philippines [234][235]
One Legazpi Park Makati, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		45 2006 [236][237]
Joy‑Nostalg Center Pasig, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		40 2009 [238][239]
Forbes Tower West (Fraser Place) Makati, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		42 2000 [240][241]
27 Annapolis San Juan, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		45 2020 [242]
Four Seasons Makati, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		37 2005 [243]
University Tower P. Noval Manila, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		47 2016 [244]
East Tower at One Serendra Taguig, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		41 2012 [245]
The Meranti Taguig, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		45 2013 [246]
Century Diamond Tower Makati, Metro Manila 150 m
(490 ft) 		41 2019 [247]

Not included in the list are buildings which have heights that are only estimated based on floor counts. There are over 70 completed buildings falling under this category, some of which include One Eastwood Avenue Towers 1 and 2 (≈160 m and ≈188 m),[248][249] West Tower at One Serendra (≈170–191 m),[250][251] The BeauFort East and West Towers (≈161 m and ≈164 m),[252][253] Acqua Private Residences Iguazu (≈207 m), Livingstone (≈196 m), Dettifoss (≈170 m), Sutherland (≈163 m), and Niagara (≈155 m) Towers,[254] and The Infinity Fort Bonifacio (≈183–187 m).[255][256]

Buildings which almost qualify are One McKinley Place (149 m)[257][258] in Bonifacio Global City, Mandarin Square (149 m)[259][260] in Binondo, and SM Seaside City Cebu Tower (147 m) in Cebu City, Cebu.

Tallest unbuilt structures

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The list includes proposed buildings and structures projected to be at least 250 meters in height.

Structure Year first proposed Construction type City Pinnacle height Floor count
Pagcor Tower 2000s Observation tower Parañaque 655 m (2,149 ft) —
Philippine Diamond Tower 2014 Observation/communications tower Quezon City 612 m (2,008 ft) —
Centennial Tower 1995 Observation tower Manila or Pasig 390 m (1,280 ft) —

List by geographical division

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The following table shows the tallest buildings by the three main geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

Building Height Floors Year (est.) Location Region
Metrobank Center 259.1 m
(850 ft) 		66 2016 Taguig Luzon
Horizons 101 Tower 1 185 m
(607 ft) 		55 2016 Cebu City Visayas
Vivaldi Residences Davao 120 m
(390 ft) 		36 2018 Davao City Mindanao

Cities with the most high-rises and skyscrapers

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Philippine cities with the most number of buildings as of May 2023.

City Highrises 100m+ Building Total Region
Manila 414 78 492 Metro Manila
Makati 294 138 432 Metro Manila
Quezon City 319 71 390 Metro Manila
Taguig 209 80 289 Metro Manila
Cebu City 201 41 242 Central Visayas
Pasig 146 71 217 Metro Manila
Parañaque 173 30 206 Metro Manila
Mandaluyong 109 65 174 Metro Manila
Pasay 160 8 168 Metro Manila
Muntinlupa 101 3 104 Metro Manila
Davao City 71 10 81 Davao
Lapu-Lapu 37 0 37 Central Visayas
Mandaue 28 5 33 Central Visayas
Las Piñas 24 2 26 Metro Manila
Mabalacat 26 0 26 Central Luzon
Iloilo City 25 0 25 Western Visayas
Angeles City 15 0 15 Central Luzon
Cagayan de Oro 16 2 18 Northern Mindanao
Bacolod 17 0 17 Negros Island Region
Cainta 16 0 16 Calabarzon
San Fernando 8 2 10 Central Luzon
Caloocan 6 3 9 Metro Manila
Marikina 8 0 8 Metro Manila
Dasmariñas 5 0 5 Calabarzon
Valenzuela 4 1 5 Metro Manila
Source: Emporis.com[261]

Timeline of tallest buildings

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This lists buildings that have at some point held the title of tallest building in the Philippines. Other buildings, such as churches with tall spires, may historically have been taller but are not listed here because of a lack of available data for such buildings.

Name Location Years as tallest Height Floors Image Notes
San Sebastian Church Manila, Metro Manila 1891–1912 30 m
(98 ft) 		5 Height of the two bell towers.[262]
Manila Hotel Manila, Metro Manila 1912–1927 6 A modernist high-rise building was added later in the 1970s.
University of Santo Tomas Main Building Manila, Metro Manila 1927–1967 48 m
(157 ft)[263] 		8 Four floors of the main building, another four on the tower.
Ramon Magsaysay Center Manila, Metro Manila 1967–1968 70 m
(230 ft) 		18
Manila Pavilion Hotel Manila, Metro Manila 1968–1989 90 m
(300 ft) 		22
Pacific Star Building Makati,

Metro Manila

1989–1991 112.5 m
(369 ft) 		29
The Peak Tower Makati,

Metro Manila

1991–1992 138 m
(453 ft) 		38
Pacific Plaza Condominium Makati,

Metro Manila

1992–1994 150 m
(490 ft) 		44
Rufino Pacific Tower Makati,

Metro Manila

1994–1997 162 m
(531 ft) 		41
Robinsons Equitable Tower Pasig,

Metro Manila

1997–1998 175 m
(574 ft) 		45
Petron Megaplaza Makati,

Metro Manila

1998–2000 210 m
(690 ft) 		45
PBCom Tower Makati,

Metro Manila

2000–2017 259 m
(850 ft) 		52
Metrobank Center Taguig,

Metro Manila

2016–present 318 m
(1,043 ft) 		66

See also

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References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Grand Hyatt Metrocenter". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  3. ^ "PBCOM Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ "Philippine Bank of Communications". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  5. ^ "Trump Tower at Century City". Emporis. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  10. ^ "Discovery Primea". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  11. ^ "Shangri-La at the Fort". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ^ "Shangri-La at the Fort". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  13. ^ "Shang Salcedo Place". Emporis. Archived from the original on January 14, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  14. ^ "The Shang Salcedo". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  15. ^ "The Mega Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  16. ^ "The Mega Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  17. ^ "Century Spire Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  18. ^ "Century Spire". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  19. ^ "The Imperium". Emporis. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  20. ^ "The Imperium at Capital Commons". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  21. ^ "Grand Riviera Suites". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  22. ^ "Grand Riviera Suites". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  23. ^ "The Royalton". Emporis. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  24. ^ "The Royalton". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  25. ^ "One Shangri-la Place 2". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  26. ^ "One Shangri-La Place North Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  27. ^ "One Shangri-la Place 1". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  28. ^ "One Shangri-La Place South Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
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  33. ^ "Sky Suites Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  35. ^ "BSA Tower 1". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  42. ^ "G.T. International Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  44. ^ "St. Francis Tower 1". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  66. ^ "Golden Empire Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  74. ^ "Philamlife Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  77. ^ "Three Central". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
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  82. ^ "The Proscenium Residences". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  83. ^ "One Central". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  84. ^ "One Central". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  85. ^ "Ayala Triangle Garden North". Emporis. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  89. ^ "Admiral Baysuites". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  91. ^ "RCBC Plaza Yuchengco Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  94. ^ "Anchor Skysuites". Anchor Land. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
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  96. ^ "Viridian in Greenhills". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  98. ^ "Jollibee Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  106. ^ "Eastwood Global Plaza". Emporis. Archived from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  107. ^ "Green Residences". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  108. ^ "GLAS Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  113. ^ "Alphaland Makati Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  119. ^ "Marco Polo Hotel". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  127. ^ "Avant-Garde Residences". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  129. ^ "Atlanta Centre". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  130. ^ "Birch Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  131. ^ "Birch Tower". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
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  137. ^ "Robinson's Equitable Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  139. ^ "Roxas Triangle Tower I". Emporis. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  149. ^ "Twin Oaks Place 2". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  153. ^ "Manila Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  155. ^ "Laguna Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  177. ^ "Unioil Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  178. ^ "Exquadra Office Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  179. ^ "GA Twin Tower 1". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  185. ^ "Flair Towers - Tower B". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  187. ^ "Flair Towers - Tower A". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  188. ^ "Flair Towers - South Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  189. ^ "Torre de Manila". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  192. ^ "The Cebu Exchange". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
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  195. ^ "Seven NEO". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  197. ^ "Rizal Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  200. ^ "Ayala Tower 1". Emporis. Archived from the original on July 17, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  205. ^ "Victoria Sports Tower A". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  206. ^ "Victoria Sports Tower B". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  207. ^ "Soho Central". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  211. ^ "The Beacon - Amorsolo Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  213. ^ "The Beacon - Roces Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  217. ^ "I'M Hotel". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  219. ^ "Bellagio Golfview Residences Tower 3". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  220. ^ "Exportbank Plaza". Emporis. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  222. ^ "Zuellig Building". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  223. ^ "Zuellig Building". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  224. ^ "The Proscenium - Lorraine Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  225. ^ "BSA Tower Makati". Emporis. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  227. ^ "The World Centre". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  229. ^ "Dream Tower at Nuvo City". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 28, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  231. ^ "The Salcedo Park Twin Towers". Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  232. ^ "Wharton Parksuites". Emporis. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  233. ^ "Wharton Parksuites". Anchor Land Holdings, Inc. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  234. ^ "Pacific Plaza Condominiums". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  236. ^ "One Legazpi Park". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  237. ^ "One Legazpi Park". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  238. ^ "Oakwood Premier Joy~Nostalg Center". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  239. ^ "J Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  240. ^ "Forbes Tower (West)". Emporis. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  241. ^ "Fraser Place Manila". KMC Savills. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  242. ^ "27 Annapolis". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  243. ^ "Four Seasons". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  244. ^ "University Tower P. Noval". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  245. ^ "East Tower at One Serendra". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  246. ^ "The Meranti". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  247. ^ "Century Diamond Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  249. ^ "One Eastwood Avenue Tower 2". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  250. ^ "West Tower at One Serendra". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  252. ^ "Beaufort East Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  255. ^ "The Infinity". Emporis. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  259. ^ "Mandarin Square". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
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  • Layug, Benjamin Locsin (2007). A Tourist Guide to Notable Philippine Churches. Pasig, Philippines: New Day Publishers. pp. 87–89. ISBN 978-971-8521-10-6.


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