Talk:Global surface temperature

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Section sizes

Section size for Global surface temperature (33 sections)
Section name	Byte count	Section total
(Top)	7,186	7,186
Definition	2,738	2,738
Temperature data from 1850 to the present time	53	30,427
Total warming and trends	6,117	6,117
Methods	913	14,538
Global record from 1850 onwards	3,373	3,373
Satellite and balloon temperature records (1950s–present)	3,014	3,014
Global surface and ocean datasets	1,978	1,978
Absolute temperatures v. anomalies	2,681	2,681
Siting of temperature measurement stations	2,579	2,579
Warmest periods	24	9,719
Warmest years	6,767	6,767
Warmest decades	2,928	2,928
Factors influencing global temperature	2,975	2,975
Robustness of evidence	1,792	10,803
Other reports and assessments	4,268	4,268
Internal climate variability and global warming	4,743	4,743
Related research	2,508	5,500
Trends and predictions	2,425	2,425
Regional temperature changes	567	567
Temperature estimates from prior to 1850	1,287	19,720
Tree rings and ice cores (from 1,000–2,000 years before present)	4,851	6,114
Indirect historical proxies	1,263	1,263
Paleoclimate (from 12,000 years before present)	873	873
Ice cores (from 800,000 years before present)	903	8,874
Ice core locations	500	500
Ice core records from Greenland	3,148	3,148
Ice core records from Antarctica	2,559	2,559
Ice core records from low-latitude regions	1,764	1,764
Geologic evidence (millions of years)	2,572	2,572
See also	492	492
References	30	30
External links	781	781
Total	80,652	80,652

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 25 August 2020 and 10 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sxl79. Peer reviewers: Arcpkl.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 21:50, 17 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Possible sources for improving the article

"GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP v4)". data.giss.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2019-10-23.
"Are surface temperature records reliable?".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Hansen, J.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M.; Lo, K. (2010). "Global Surface Temperature Change". Reviews of Geophysics. 48 (4). doi:10.1029/2010RG000345. ISSN 1944-9208.
Folland, C. K.; Rayner, N. A.; Brown, S. J.; Smith, T. M.; Shen, S. S. P.; Parker, D. E.; Macadam, I.; Jones, P. D.; Jones, R. N.; Nicholls, N.; Sexton, D. M. H. (2001). "Global temperature change and its uncertainties since 1861". Geophysical Research Letters. 28 (13): 2621–2624. doi:10.1029/2001GL012877. ISSN 1944-8007.
Rennie, J. J.; Lawrimore, J. H.; Gleason, B. E.; Thorne, P. W.; Morice, C. P.; Menne, M. J.; Williams, C. N.; Almeida, W. Gambi de; Christy, J. R.; Flannery, M.; Ishihara, M. (2014). "The international surface temperature initiative global land surface databank: monthly temperature data release description and methods". Geoscience Data Journal. 1 (2): 75–102. doi:10.1002/gdj3.8. ISSN 2049-6060.

article lacks a good definition

Shouldn't this article be more of a general technical nature on definitions of means of so-called Temperature anomalies in the field of Meteorology rather than focussing so much on it's development in the context of global warming.

--Utonsal (talk) 12:56, 1 August 2021 (UTC)[reply]

I've added a section on definition now. EMsmile (talk) 11:29, 15 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

why the sea level rise in the 3rd paragraph?

How is the sealevel rise relevant to surface temperature? And if it is because of the measuring stations being flooded, why having such an positioning in this article?

Isn't the sealevel rising a mere consequence of growing GST and not a property of GST itself?

--Utonsal (talk) 12:56, 1 August 2021 (UTC)[reply]

I agree with you and have reworked the article now, removing the sentence about sea level rise from the lead. EMsmile (talk) 11:28, 15 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Missing information

The article really ought to address the locations of the thousands of temperature measurements around the globe. Where are they (at least in rough description) ???

To get an accurate average, the measurements should be taken at points that are more or less uniformly distributed around the globe.

At least something like this ought to be stated.

I've addressed this comment by linking to instrumental temperature record under "methods". EMsmile (talk) 11:27, 15 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Physical meaning

What is the physical meanung of the global surface temperature? First of all, a surface has no temperature, a volume must always be considered. The temperature is the measure of the average heat or thermal energy in a of a solid, liquid, or gaseous medium in a given place. Therefore, a sum of temperatures has no physical meaning. It follows that the average temperature over different areas over which it varies from one area to another has no direct physical interpretation. The global average temperature must therefore be seen as a statistical indicator of the evolution of the climate on the Earth’s surface.2003:E5:270C:F200:84CC:F8E8:8DC0:D920 (talk) 20:43, 4 August 2023 (UTC)[reply]

I've provided some extra information in the article now, is it clearer for you now? And by the way a surface can indeed have a temperature. EMsmile (talk) 11:27, 15 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Strictly speaking, a surface cannot have a temperature. A surface or area in general has a thickness of zero and therefore cannot contain any atoms. Anyway, surface temperature is a pseudonym for a surface layer. 2003:E5:2747:1200:585C:9A71:85D2:DFBA (talk) 09:23, 3 December 2024 (UTC)[reply]

https://www.encyclopedie-environnement.org/en/climate/average-temperature-earth/

1.2. Average temperature? A statistical indicator!

The temperature of a solid, liquid or gaseous medium is a physical quantity that reflects the agitation of the particles that make it up in a given place. The sum of two temperatures therefore has no physical meaning. As a result, an average temperature over a wide range over which it varies from one place to another has no direct physical interpretation. This is therefore the case for the average temperature calculated over the entire surface of the Earth, covering both the warm tropical regions and the cold polar regions. However, this average is a statistical indicator that proves very useful for assessing climate change on a global scale, both in the past and in projection for the coming centuries. The global average temperature reflects changes in climate that can be explained by identifiable underlying physical mechanisms. 2003:E5:2747:1200:585C:9A71:85D2:DFBA (talk) 09:35, 3 December 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Removed content that talks about effects of warming

I've removed this content as I think it is covered much better in our other Wikipedia articles. I think it goes beyond the scope of this article:

+++++++++

Warming oceans:

With the Earth's temperature increasing, the ocean has absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 700 meters of ocean showing warming of 0.22 C (0.4 °F) since 1969.^[1] Expansion of the warm water, along with melting ice sheets, causes the sea level to rise.

The distribution of excess heat in the ocean is uneven, with the greatest ocean warming occurring in the southern hemisphere and contributing to the underground melting of the Antarctic ice shelf.^[2] The warming of sea water is also related to the thinning of ice shelves and sea ice, both of which have a further impact on the Earth's climate system. Finally, sea warming threatens marine ecosystems and human livelihoods.^[3] For example, warm water endangers the health of corals, which in turn endangers marine communities that depend on corals for shelter and food. Ultimately, people who rely on marine fisheries for their livelihoods and jobs may face the negative effects of ocean warming.

During the 20th century, the sea surface temperature increased for a century and continued to rise. From 1901 to 2015, the temperature increased by an average of 0.13 °F per decade. Since reliable observations began in 1880, the sea surface temperature has been higher than at any other time in the past three decades.^[4] As greenhouse gases absorb more energy from the sun, the ocean absorbs more heat, leading to rising sea surface temperatures and rising sea levels. Changes in ocean temperature and ocean currents brought about by climate change will lead to changes in the global climate pattern. For example, warmer waters may promote the development of stronger storms in the tropics, which may cause property loss and loss of life. Impacts related to sea level rise and severe storms are particularly relevant to coastal communities.

Shrinking ice sheets:

The Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets have decreased exponentially in mass. According to NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, it shows that Greenland has lost an average of 286 billion tons of ice per year.^[1] The expansion of the warm water and the melting ice sheets cause the sea level to rise.

The ice is changing everywhere on earth. Since 1912, the famous snow of Mount Kilimanjaro has melted more than 80%. The glaciers in the Garhwal Himalayas in India are retreating so fast that researchers believe that by 2035, most of the central and eastern Himalayas will actually disappear. For half a century, its range has dropped by about 10% in the past 30 years. NASA repeated laser altimeter readings showed that the edge of the Greenland ice sheet was shrinking. Now, the spring freshwater ice in the northern hemisphere breaks 9 days earlier than 150 years ago, while the autumn freeze is 10 days later. The melting of frozen ground caused land subsidence in parts of Alaska to exceed 15 feet (4.6 meters). From the Arctic to Peru, from Switzerland to the equatorial glacier in Manjaya, Indonesia, massive ice fields, monstrous glaciers, and sea ice are disappearing, fast.^[5]

When the temperature rises and the ice melts, more water flows into the ocean from glaciers and ice caps, and the sea water warms and expands in volume. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), this combined effect has played a major role in raising the global average sea level by 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 centimetres) in the past 100 years.

Greenland's meltwater may greatly affect the flow of huge ocean currents, which are called the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation or AMOC. Similar to a huge conveyor belt, AMOC helps transport hot water from tropical regions to the Arctic. Its important role in the global distribution of heat also makes it have a significant impact on global weather conditions-AMOC's hot water flow is largely due to the mild climate in places such as Western Europe. As fresh water pours into the ocean from the melting Greenland ice sheet, this may slow down the flow of water.^[6] At the same time, studies have shown that melting ice from Antarctica may disrupt the structure of the Southern Ocean. Because the density of fresh water is lower than that of salt water, a large amount of melt water may not be able to merge with the rest of the ocean, but form a layer of material attached to the water surface. This cold liquid traps heat underneath it and causes deeper layers to heat up. This increases the overall temperature of the ocean, which makes it less able to absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere. As a result, more CO₂ will remain in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in global warming. EMsmile (talk) 10:36, 15 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

References

^ ^a ^b "Climate Change Evidence: How Do We Know?". Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. NASA. Archived from the original on 2019-12-18. Retrieved 2019-11-14. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Ocean warming". IUCN. 2017-11-01. Archived from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
^ "Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content | NOAA Climate.gov". www.climate.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
^ US EPA, OAR (2016-06-27). "Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature". US EPA. Archived from the original on 2020-10-10. Retrieved 2020-10-11.
^ Glick, Daniel (5 October 2009). "The Big Thaw". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020.
^ Harvey, Chelsea. "Melting Ice Sheets Could Worsen Extreme Weather". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

EMsmile (talk) 10:36, 15 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Drastic changes to the article

I've just made some drastic changes to the article because I don't think it should repeat the same content on the effects of warming that are already covered better in other articles. Therefore, I have added excerpts instead. What other content (if any) should still be added to this article, keeping in mind that we don't want to create more overlap with other articles than necessary. I can't really think of anything else but we could add more links and excerpts if needed. EMsmile (talk) 11:32, 15 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Misleading that direct measurements are valid from 1880

Most of the world did not get direct measurements until well into the 20th century. As such, it is misleading to claim that there has been direct measurements since 1880, as most of the world was simply not measured. 5.186.78.167 (talk) 09:51, 8 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

You're right. I've changed it to "Series of reliable temperature measurements in some regions began in the 1850—1880 time frame (this is called the instrumental temperature record)." Please check if OK like this? EMsmile (talk) 09:37, 19 June 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Improving readability of the lead

I've just made some improvements to the readability of the lead and the lead's image caption. I've also made the lead a little bit longer. Pinging User:Efbrazil in case they have time to look at this as well. (This article is an example where the lead can remain pretty short, as the article is also short itself. It's not much more than just a definition of the term and then excerpts from other related articles. I think this is correct because otherwise we would introduce too much overlap with the other articles, e.g. instrumental temperature record, sea surface temperature) EMsmile (talk) 11:51, 16 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Merger from Instrumental temperature record completed

I've just completed the merger from Instrumental temperature record (see on the talk page there for previous discussions). I've also done some post-merge tidying work but more is probably needed to weed out any repetition. We also need to improve the new lead more. EMsmile (talk) 22:32, 23 August 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Sea surface temperature

"estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a value over a specified reference period" The sea surface The sea surface temperature is the temperature of the water layer near the surface (no clear definition). At least that's how it is measured. 2003:E5:272D:4A00:CC84:FC88:7822:CF66 (talk) 21:45, 11 December 2024 (UTC)[reply]

what are you trying to say? What change to the article are you suggesting? EMsmile (talk) 22:13, 12 December 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Put simply, the global surface temperature (GST) is calculated by averaging the temperatures over sea (sea surface temperature) and land (surface air temperature).

Not over the sea, but in surface layer of the sea. 2003:E5:272D:4A00:81B6:866D:85F4:AE46 (talk) 10:24, 16 December 2024 (UTC)[reply]

I've changed it to this now (bolding to show the changed wording): Put simply, the global surface temperature (GST) is calculated by averaging the temperature at the surface layer of the ocean (sea surface temperature) and over land (surface air temperature).. Better? EMsmile (talk) 21:55, 21 December 2024 (UTC)[reply]

[NASA_evidence-1] "Climate Change Evidence: How Do We Know?". Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. NASA. Archived from the original on 2019-12-18. Retrieved 2019-11-14. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[2] "Ocean warming". IUCN. 2017-11-01. Archived from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2020-09-28.

[3] "Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content | NOAA Climate.gov". www.climate.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2020-09-28.

[4] US EPA, OAR (2016-06-27). "Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature". US EPA. Archived from the original on 2020-10-10. Retrieved 2020-10-11.

[5] Glick, Daniel (5 October 2009). "The Big Thaw". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020.

[6] Harvey, Chelsea. "Melting Ice Sheets Could Worsen Extreme Weather". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

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