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'Ancient' is Gravrand's view, but the assumption that the lamanes existed 10,000 years ago runs contra to other views on these 'Masters of fire'.
Gravrand's view, which is overplayed in Serer articles, may be explained by the view that "beginning in the nineteenth century with the end of the slave trade and the rise of commodity colonialism, the Serer stood out in the French colonial imagination as an idealized, true African peasantry. Idealization of the Serer deepened in the twentieth century in the search for an alternative to the daara mode of production. The Serer were ideal African peasants not because of any representativeness as such but because their agricultural system and religion appealed to French notions about agrarian pasts and to French economic and political interests."p.50. Dougweller (talk) 03:09, 24 August 2012 (UTC)[reply]
