Talk:Romanization of Arabic

Romanization of Arabic

I finally wrote this article per this discussion on the Arabic alphabet article. — J’raxis 01:02:58, 2005-07-11 (UTC)

Headings

I have rearranged the headings since having a distinction between 'common' (whatever that means) and 'academic' transliteration without any content seemed rather pointless. If someone cares to rearrange later content that way, please do! — Moilleadóir 05:27, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Comparison table

The structure (names, IPA, etc.) is based on the tables at Arabic alphabet. If corrections are required you might like to start there. It would be worthwhile expanding the table to show the vowels more completely as in this comparison table. — Moilleadóir 08:39, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

al- or Al- or al or Al

Does anyone know whether there is an emerging scholarly consensus on how to render the Arabic definite article (and its various "soft" variants) in English? And should it be handled differently in proper and common nouns? If anyone does know this, I think it should be incorporated into the article. Babajobu — Preceding unsigned comment added by Babajobu (talk • contribs) 11:30, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

The Wikipedia policy Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Arabic) is currently under construction, and it's trying to make a consensus around such issues. CG 14:37, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Diacritics not showing

is this a browser issue? I cannot see any diacritics, ṭ etc. in the table. The table on ISO 233 renders correctly for me, with all underdots for emphatics, underscores for fricatives and ǧ for gim, ġ for ghayn. Non of these work for me in the table here. dab (ᛏ) 16:01, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

It might be a browser issue...what browser are you using?

The difference between the two is that some of the characters with diacritics in the ISO 233 table have been converted to numeric entities (Ṡ instead of ṣ). I'm hoping it's not going to be necessary to convert every accented character as this would make editing anything intolerable.

If the page encoding is showing up as UTF-8 and you have fonts that include these characters, I'd consider getting another browser.

—Moilleadóir 02:36, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Is it a browser problem or forgetting to include the Unicode encoding { {unicode|...} }?9abdulla 13:36, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Merge from Hans Wehr transliteration

The article Hans Wehr transliteration was recently created by 24.76.5.124. It's not very presentable in its present form, but I have requested that we consider merging it into this article. Now, I'm not sure as to what degree Hans Wehr's system could be called a standard, albeit many Arabic students have his dictionary. It is certainly more of a standard than that ridiculous SATTS thing (which I believe should be removed, or demoted). Please post your thoughts here. --Gareth Hughes 14:32, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Ney to the merge

I think the Hans Wehr transliteration system deserves its own page. Because the transcription should be explained, because it is a very important transliteration system for those who are studying Arabic. If we merge it with the transliteration article then we either lose lots of info, of the details of the transliteration system or we fill a page about Arabic transliteration with too much information about a specific transliteration system. So for the sake of navigatability of each page it should have its own page. BUT it is not a bad idea to add the Hans Wehr transliteration system to that chart that compares transliteration systems. We need the Hans Wehr transliteration system to have its own page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TwoThirty~enwiki (talk • contribs) 13:52, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Merge

I agree that Hans Wehr transliteration ought to have it's own article. The current one is rather barebones, but that can be fixed. Kerowyn 21:54, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

"SM" system

With this edit, user 24.76.5.124 added a new system called "SM", but didn't identify what that system was. Is anybody familiar with what SM stands for? (I'm presuming this is unrelated to the Hans Wehr system mentioned above.) --Arcadian 04:04, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

I also want to know as this is the only system which uses ğ for غ and I wondered if the system might have been an inspiration for the Latin Turkish alphabet in the 1920s. — Hippietrail (talk) 02:08, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

SATTS

Does anyone know if the SATTS transliteration for ﺔ changed? As I learned it in the mid-90s, it was a "?", not a "@". (Which is why we used the "$" to signify an actual question mark. Gotta love military logic...) I haven't used SATTS in quite a while so it might have changed, and it's also possible that they taught us jarheads differently. Just wondering if anyone else knows.

Also wondering why, on the chart, it show the final form of the letter, when all the other letters in the chart are shown in their stand-alone form. Shouldn't it be ﺓ? Kafziel 21:58, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Template

I have created {{ArabDIN}} for tagging DIN 31635 transliterations ({{DIN 31635}} seemed too impractical to remember), corresponding to {{IPA}}, {{IAST}}, {{PIE}} etc. These should be used instead of generic {{Unicode}}, e.g. {{transl|ar|DIN|ʾal-luġatu-l-ʿarabīyatu}} ʾal-luġatu-l-ʿarabīyatu. I am not sure if this is "the most widely used" transliteration, but it seems to have some de-facto prevalence on Wikipedia (see Arabic language, Arabic grammar). See also Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Writing_systems#transliteration. dab (ᛏ) 11:46, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Scientific transliteration

The article mentions "scientific transliteration", but doesn't define the term. Which of the systems in the table are "scientific" transliteration?

I'm asking because I created an article for scientific transliteration thinking that the term is only applied to a particular system for the Cyrillic alphabet, but then scientific transliteration began to show up for other writing systems, but I haven't found a definition for the term.

The scientific transliteration system for the Cyrillic alphabet is universally used in linguistics, and rarely seen in other fields. The term applies to a specific system, developed in the late nineteenth century in Europe, which has varied very little. Is this the case for Arabic scientific transliteration? —Michael Z. 2006-02-17 04:45 Z

Using Saddam Hussain as example

Does anyone else see a problem with having the name of Saddam Hussain being the first exmaple in this article on Arabic transliteration? BjarteSorensen 12:19, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

I agree with you. I'm sure 'Saddam Hussein' was chosen because it is well known. I suggest replacing that example with something a little more palatable. I've been doing disambiguation on various places called Al Mansurah (disambiguation page), which has a quite large number of variant spellings. Otherwise, we might go for a poet like Ahmed Shawqi (but there are not so many variants), or someone on the list of Islamic studies scholars. — Gareth Hughes 13:03, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Sounds good to me. BjarteSorensen 22:10, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Please, change it. It's just insulting... Use a poet or scientist or something. Jonas —Preceding unsigned comment added by 148.83.128.14 (talk) 10:06, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Using Omar Khayyam as an example

I'm not sure that Omar Khayyam is the best choice of example either, since surely, his surname is Persian (Farsi), not Arabic. Ed Avis (talk) 18:32, 20 December 2009 (UTC)

An Iranian friend tells me that his name is indeed Arabic, even though he wrote his poetry in Persian. Still, it seems a little odd to pick an author writing in some other language as an example for Arabic.Ed Avis (talk) 15:04, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

Romanization of Arabic

I propose to move this article to Romanization of Arabic. Please see Category:Romanization. This would bring the article title nomenclature into line with the other articles. -- Evertype·✆ 12:10, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

Online web transliteration service

Further to existing external links, adding a free transliteration service link to http://www.latkey.com/translit which provides free transliteration service for Microsoft Office, and matches Wiki guidelines.

I suggest reviewing other links as some contain commercial insertions of Google adwords. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DanIssa (talk • contribs) 19:14, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Sure there are other inappropriate links, people just keep adding them, you know. Those need to be removed too, you can help. It does not matter if it's "free" or "useful". Linking to download sites for Microsoft Office plugins to use the online service of a company is not appropriate. There is no encyclopedic content on the site, and it does promote other products of that comany. If you reference Linksearch: *.latkey.com and the corresponding user contributions, you'll see that there were repeated attempts to place links in several articles, despite all warnings not to re-add them (including the ignored warning on your own talk page). Not only to the transliteration service but also to the company main page, with link descriptions promoting the keyboard stickers. You will not add any more links to latkey.com, i-keyboard.com, or related domains. Femto 13:19, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Clean-up

I've redone the introductory paragraph, which seemed awkward to me as it stood. I also did some similar editing work on the Problems section, though there's still some redundancy there in the discussion of sun letters--the subject seems to come up twice. Hope to revisit that. Herbivore 17:15, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Have completed this little job re: sun letters, and am also re-organizing the Problems section, to make the distinction between transcription and strict transliteration a littler clearer. Am also giving the issue of romanization in non-English languages slightly less prominence, which seems appropriate in the Eng. WP. The transcription/transliteration could be even clearer, IMHO....Herbivore 16:44, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Does anyone know why there are both Ibrahims and Ebrahims?

I note that Ibrahim and it's listed names tend to be predominantly Arab and Ebrahim and it's listed names tend to be predominantly Persian. Is it be a 'way back when' geographic and/or religious transliterational difference between Arabic and Persian. Is there an idenifiable source for this difference? Any ideas? Listed names from sub-Saharan Africa seem to show less correlation and may be related to the former colonial power's preference. Appreciated, shokran/memnoonam. CasualObserver'48 (talk) 16:18, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Maltese alphabet to romanise Arabic?

We have a fully-fledged Roman based Semitic language which can represent all the major Arabic sounds, except for the emphatic ones. These letters Ċ ċ چ (can be used for dialects), Ġ ġ ج may not be important and confusing but these 2 are quite good and, in my opinion, better than numbers:

GĦ għ ع Ħ ħ ح Are they worth using. Do you find any benefit?

I will probably add a link to the Maltese alphabet: http://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Maltese_language#Alphabet --Atitarev (talk) 23:29, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

I added this question on Talk:Maltese alphabet. --Atitarev (talk) 23:43, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Question

If لونجا contains a و, and و is transliterated as "w," how would لونجا be romanized? Would it be "lwnjā"? That seems very strange, but it's what the table seems to recommend. Or is there an unwritten vowel placed between the "l" and "w"? Badagnani (talk) 22:21, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

loonja

Sarah Shaheenbaz Faizi (talk) 17:43, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

alif maqṣura is not "broken alif"

The article translates the alif-maqsura( ى letter) as "broken alif". The author seems to have confused the letter ق in ألف مقصورة with the letter ك in ألف مكسورة , both which have a k/q sound. Kind of ironic given the context of the article :)

The word مقصورة means approximately "limited" or "bound" possibly among other meanings. Since I'm not an Arabic linguist and don't know the reason for the naming, I don't think I'm qualified to give an accurate translation for that word. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 196.205.204.23 (talk) 03:38, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

Tagging all transliterations by specific standard

It appears that Template:ArabDIN was replaced by Template:transl, which attempts to standardize transliteration tags. It does not seem to include all useful Arabic transliteration standards here, and the abundance of Arabic terms Ive noticed, dont indicate specifically which standard they use. I surmise from specific characters that SAS is used alot here, but that should be indicated. Template:transl appears to need updating if all relevant standards are to be implemented.-Stevertigo 06:50, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

I think you haven't rtfm. Or I don't understand your point. Use {{transl}} regardless of whether you want to specify the transliteration standard used. Use three parameters if you wish to include a string identifying the standard, use two if you just wish to say "this is Arabic". The template doesn't do anything with the "DIN" or "SAS" string, it just keeps it around in case anyone wants to parse it. In this sense, I do not understand what you mean by "implementing all relevant standards". As you are also able to learn from the documentation, the transl template is only intended as a pragmatic measure of limited lifetime. The correct way to handle this in the long term will be via the {{lang}} template alone. --dab (𒁳) 09:39, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Other ways of transliteration

The transliterations in those sections are likely to be made-up. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 03:40, 5 November 2010 (UTC)

I have removed the section which appeared to be clearly made-up. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 13:33, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

But why have You removed this transliteration from the page? إ.شرفي، the creator of this system. قل من فضلك، لمذا فعلت هذا، يا صاحب؟ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.220.33.64 (talk) 16:08, 12 November 2010 (UTC) Improve, but don't remove! - that's I wish You —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.220.33.64 (talk) 11:50, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

SEHL

Another recent Transliteration of Arabic must be added to the Table. That is of SEHL Arabic-Latin-Arabic Transliteration. SEHL copies all Arabic writing styles, and is much simpler than those mentioned in this article.

Zaljohar (talk) 09:46, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Salám, iá Zaljohar! Kaifa ălhál? This is شرفي writing to You. I've visited a page, where this system is situated. It's quite good! (I'll try to add the SEHL to the table). Before those two, which are in the table, I have created some systems very similar to SEHL, using different varieties of letters T, S and D. (But stroked T I use for ث). And I also have my full system: HaRFabet, finished in October, 2010, which represents all Arabic harakatas.

Can I give you some advice? For example it will be better (well, why better? it's only my point of view), if the tanwin will be indicated as ¨ for an, " for un, and .. for in. Short vowels in the end of the word is also possible to indicate as: . - for kasra; ' - for damma; · - for fatha. Ø is likely to be smaller than letters or even above them, like in Arabic script. As for me, I use the diacritical hook from Unicode above the letter instead of ø.

P.S. It may be a strange coincidence, but some days before I was also transcribing súraë alfátihaë! (In ALFB system). You can also advise me something. Let's collaborate here! سلام —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.220.33.64 (talk) 17:06, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

Would you please, refer to original research. Those methods of transliteration aren't referenced from a reliable source. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 17:47, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

To be honest, I'm the main source of those transliterations because of being their author (ALFB NewWay and SIMPLine). And I have a large amount of experience in this sphere. I also have an educational transliteration sytem, which is difficult to type here. (The HaRFabet). If it is possible, could you give me a possibility to have a page in Wikipedia, called NewWay Romanization of Arabic, where I will be able to describe my romanizaton systems and mention the sources, which helped me to create my transliteration alphabets. Help me, if You could! - to Mahmudmasri from شرفي —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.220.33.64 (talk) 21:18, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

Selam شرفي , this is Zaljohar writing to you: I like the idea of collaboration between us: as regards your proposal for the tenoiyn (tanwin), the reason why I didn't choose en,un,in as you suggested, is because SEHL is a bidirectional system from Arabic to Romanization and backwards from Romanization to Arabic, and in such a system one cannot use your suggestion because this will create a confusion with words ending with ُ or َ or ِ followed by ن example: لَن ، كُن ، بِن all those will be transliterated according to your suggestion to kun, bin , len, and then back-transliterated to كٌ و لً و بٍ, you see my point!

That's why i chose eŋ,uŋ,iŋ instead of en,un,in. also the long limb in ŋ gives the phonetic impression of the long noon present in tanwin when spoken in Arabic.

As for the matter of ø , I think it is better not to put it as a superscript, since it is not desired to put a lot of superscript material in SEHL, also there is no need to shrink it, since it is will make it unclear, the beauty about ø is that it is incorporated within the word without giving the sense of cutting the word into smaller words, therefore it is better to keep it at the same size as other letters in the word.

As regards the terminal diacritics,I adopted your suggestion at earlier systems of mine, but later I omitted them, since this will increase the complexity of the script.

I shall further examine your system and discuss it with you.

Selam to Mahmudmasri from Zaljohar: I don't know if you were addressing me when you requested Original research, since I already pointed out clearly in my website that SEHL is my own system of Transliteration, and that website is the original source, and according to Wikipedia policy this is acceptable.

Quote:

Self-published and questionable sources as sources on themselves

Self-published or questionable sources may be used as sources of information about themselves, especially in articles about themselves, without the requirement that they be published experts in the field, so long as:

  1. the material is not unduly self-serving;
  2. it does not involve claims about third parties (such as people, organizations, or other entities);
  3. it does not involve claims about events not directly related to the subject;
  4. there is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity;
  5. the article is not based primarily on such sources.

Zaljohar (talk) 09:52, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Marhaban iá Zaljohar! (m.n شرفي) Explanation for kun, bin, len according to my HaRFabet Dotted system: when it is tanwín, I transcribe them: k", b.. , l¨ . When it is a combination: káf+damma+nún = k'n ; bá*+kasra+nún = b.n ; lám+fatha+nún = l·n . When I work with Unicode, I always place these harakatas up and under (for kasra) the letters, to represent the native Arabic system. Of course, if someone uses both letters and dot-comma system, it can be a confusion, but I try to indicate only long vowels in this case: k.t·ab" , d·ft·r" , q·an'un" - you know: book, note-book, law. The other way to indicate tanwins - un = ; an = : in = ,

(I have also another system for vowels and semi-vowels: (hamza in all my alphabets is º or *)

chain for alif: º - ə - a; for waw: w - v - u; for ya: y - j - i; E.g.: rəfiq; kvtvb; ĉjnaq). As you have mentioned, the chains consist of consonant, short vowel and long vowel.

This summer I also have a thought to indicate long vowels by combination of a letter for harakata and long vowel (like your ea), but I prefered dots and comma instead of your e, u and i - I find them more compact, that's why I use them. I think, it's our greatest difference. إلی اللقاء

Selam toشرفي from Zaljohar. That dot system you are using, I personally see it as too abstract, it is more suitable for mathematical symbols rather than words, second: it not cosmetically acceptable, and this practice is generally alien to that used in most languages (other than mathematical,logical and Morse). I agree with you, that this is the main point of difference between us.

By the way, it is not 'ME' who represent long vowels as a combination of a short vowel and a letter, this practice is genuine Arabic writing practice, SEHL system only transliterate the basic characters in Arabic, but it keeps most relations between them as in Original Arabic writing.

Zaljohar (talk) 09:46, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

S·lam, Zaljohar! (مِن شرفي) I know this fact, that this system is native Arabic - we, of cource, only represent it in different ways which are similar in general! And what can I say about my dotted system - it helps to save place and it is also good for some dialects, like maghribi.

Well, to be more philosophical, I'd like to say some statements: ا Modern computers begin to be more and more friendly to Arabic language, so it is rather simpler to type Arabic, than to use accurate transliteration. So, ideal transliteration must combine the benefits of traditional systems as well as of our systems and don't use strange for many people symbols. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.220.33.64 (talk) 15:00, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

ب We must realize, that a romanization system doesn't seem to be very popular in all spheres of life. Your, for example, is wonderful to work with some programs, my sistem is more likely to be used in books or newspapers? ج And also - one of the aims of Romanization is educational targets: to learn people, who don't know Arabic, how to read serious texts in Arabic. (My dots, I think, can help to get used to harakatas) د The greatest thing is tradition, so new transliterations are always living in exile! I think, the same thing was with nearly any new alphabet, even in ancient time. If the socety adopted some systhems - they are popular, even if they are not cosmetically acceptable. Have You ever seen the modern latin-based Vietnamese script? It's too complicated: every tone is indicated by a diacritic up or under the letter... It is a hard job for unprepared people to use it, but it has become accepted, and it's in use. I think, to make a new transliteration accepted everywhere someone must to print some editions using them or even work with government!

What do you think about including in SEHL little low a (like ª but placed on the line to represent a rare harakata - the subscribed *elif?) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.220.33.64 (talk) 15:39, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Selam شرفي from Zaljohar.

Thanks a lot for your nice account on transliteration systems. As regards your last suggestion about the little low a, this is of course possible. SEHL,that I wrote, is only a prototype, that's why I only included common characters used in Arabic writing, but of course it can be developed further to EXTENDED SEHL, but provided further extensions to SEHL must obey the general philosophy SEHL began with in the first place. For example some languages using Arabic alphabet has the letter Arabic dal with Arabic ttaa above it, this can be represented in EXTENDED SEHL by d followed by a superscript ŧ . Of course for the rare harakat of subscribed alif, of course you can use a subscribed a. Further extensions to SEHL would be interesting (I assume), but frankly speaking, I don't have the time to explore its ramifications, nor the will for that. I hope some people might find SEHL interesting, since it is very simple actually, and above all it copies *All* Arabic writing styles in a naive manner actually, it is very clear, since it doesn't use a lot of diacritics, and doesn't have a lot of complicated abstractions, also it incorporates historical letters in Latin, and so it revives them, and add a lot to education about Latin also. On the other hand SEHL incorporate some of the IPA characters, and doing so, it introduces its readers to recent stuff about Latin. So in short it encompass the past, as well as the present, and provide a base for the future.

I need some time to study your systems, but the problem nowadays is that I am too busy unfortunately. Can you contact me via e-mail: my e-mail is: zaljohar@yahoo.com

Thanks a lot.

Zaljohar (talk) 17:43, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup table

1. Aren't the diacritic marks too redundant for the table to be written? Normally, Arabic texts aren't written with diacritics.
2. (SATTS, Qalam, Buckwalter) are defunct.
3. (ALFB, SIMPLine, SEHL) are original research transliterations. Their sources aren't reliable. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 14:27, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

Answers to the Cleanup table

1. Any transliteration of Arabic ignoring diacritics is incomplete, and make no sense at all.
2. SEHL is permitted to be used according to wikipedia standards, although the citation is self published.

See:http://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_source

The following is a quote from that page:

Self-published and questionable sources as sources on themselves

Self-published or questionable sources may be used as sources of information about themselves, especially in articles about themselves, without the requirement that they be published experts in the field, so long as:

  1. the material is not unduly self-serving;
  2. it does not involve claims about third parties (such as people, organizations, or other entities);
  3. it does not involve claims about events not directly related to the subject;
  4. there is no reasonable doubt as to its authenticity;
  5. the article is not based primarily on such sources.

And since the citation provided for SEHL is on itself, and satisfies all the above requirements, then it is a reliable source.

Zaljohar (talk) 17:18, 30 November 2010 (UTC)

شُکرًا جزیلاً You make good thing - you help us to make Wikipedia absolutely free encyclpoedia and protect rights of Wikipedia's users. To Zaljohar مِن شرفي —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.220.33.64 (talk) 21:22, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

It appears SEHL has been removed since, without discussion here. — Sebastian 01:10, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

Harmonizing list and table, and minor cleanups

I found it hard to map the table to the list above, and therefore formatted the list so that it expresses the correlation more clearly.

In the process, I also removed the following:

• "/e<small>+double consonant</small>" in "chat" column. It sounds like the rendering of "l" as pronounced before a sun letter, which is common in most romanizations, and not special for chat.
• Hidden comment: "(SATTS, Qalam, Buckwalter, ALFB, SIMPLine, SEHL) the defunct & the original research transliterations should be removed". Such comments belong on the talk page. Moreover, it is not up to date, as some of these have been removed already. — Sebastian 01:16, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

Repeat letters in table?

Currently, the table is built such that letters are not repeated when they are the same in adjacent cells. As for me, I find this harder to read, because it does not allow reading down a column. I therefore would like to change it. However, there is something nice about the current layout, namely that it doesn't have borders between like cells. There is a way to keep that like this:

Letter	Unicode	Name	UNGEGN	ALA-LC	DIN	ISO	ISO/R	-2	IPA	SAS	BATR	ArabTeX	chat
ء أ إ ؤ ئ	0621	hamzah	ʼ	ʼ	ʾ	ˈ, ˌ	ʼ	'	ʔ	ʾ	e	'	2
ا	0627	ʾalif	ā	ā	ā	ʾ	ā	aa	aː	a, i, u; ā	aa or A	a	a/e/é
ب	0628	bāʾ	b	b	b	b	b	b	b	b	b	b	b
ت	062A	tāʾ	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t
ث	062B	ṯāʾ	th	th	ṯ	ṯ	ṯ	ṯ	θ	ç	c	_t	s/th

But it's a lot of work to do this. Basically, I have to redo the table from scratch, and I'd only want to do this if there is agreement that it's an improvement. So my question is: Is this worth it? — Sebastian 02:48, 26 April 2011 (UTC)

The reason why I removed the borders and removed their repetitions was to make it quicker and easier for the eye to compare schemes, since it is a comparison table. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 11:17, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

References?

Does this article have sufficient references? RJFJR (talk) 17:11, 20 November 2011 (UTC)

No Wikiking666 (talk) 11:11, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

Original standard symbols

Note 4 on the table states:

The original standard symbols for these schemes for transliterating hamzah and ʻayn is by Modifier letter apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩ and Modifier letter turned comma ⟨ʻ⟩, respectively. However, there is a common practice to instead use Right single quotation mark ⟨’⟩ and Left single quotation mark ⟨‘⟩, respectively. The glottal stop (hamzah) in these romanizations isn't written word-initially.

It refers to UNGEGN (1972), ALA–LC (dating to 1949?), and Wehr Dictionary (1952, 1961, 1979) romanizations. Seems dubious, since these romanization systems mainly precede the concept of “modifier letter” in computer text encoding, and probably computer text encoding in its modern form altogether.

Incidentally, Wehr (1979) uses a reversed comma ( ʽ ) for the ‘ayn, not a standard apostrophe form resembling a figure 6 ( ʻ ) – don’t know about other editions.  —Michael Z. 2013-11-07 19:51 z

What to do, the article Hans Wehr transliteration did not use the ring symbols and I couldn't find any source to prove so. The sources I found used the modifier letters. The names mentioned for the symbols are the names in Unicode, not the names of the symbols before the creation of Unicode. The intention was to let readers understand that the symbols used on computers to represent them are different, because many fonts show little or no difference. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 23:42, 15 November 2013 (UTC)

Arabeasy

If the table contains some defunct standards (SATTS, Qalam, Buckwalter), surely a proposal, Arabeasy, which has been published by a peer reviewed journal, deserves to be included. It is of vital importance to Arab learners from roman alphabet backgrounds for reasons mentioned in the article, and as far as I know the most easily typable and usable non-phonetic system. Lack of mass penetration is not an argument to blocking it on Wikipedia because in that way you are stifling new ideas and innovations, and censuring users from knowing what exists. [1]124.149.132.231 (talk) 14:00, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

Mahmudmasri, you have continued to delete the arabeasy section of this page without providing a counter argument, please explain. 00:55, 28 August 2014‎ Mahmudmasri (talk | contribs)‎ . . (30,086 bytes) (-160)‎ . . (→‎Comparison table: no more transliterations) (undo) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.45.135.165 (talk) 01:02, 28 September 2014 (UTC)

Dear Mahmudmasri,

Concerning your removal of the Arabeasy system due to "no more non-prominent schemes" from the comparison table, this system has many automatic tools and users on the net, and will soon be featured in the Journal of Language and Cultural Education (jolace.com) at the end of January. It may be less prominent than some others, but is important due to its unique features of readability, 8 bit ascii compatibility and one-to-one mapping with Arabic. Could you please undo the changes.

Best regards,

Ouiliam — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ouiliam (talk • contribs) 08:04, 16 January 2014 (UTC)

Wikipedia has some criteria to add content, such as Wikipedia:Notability, Wikipedia:No original research. Additionally, the comparison table compares between the most used transliterations. If you believe it should be in Wikipedia, try creating an article for it. --Mahmudmasri (talk) 13:11, 16 January 2014 (UTC)

OK, will have to wait till publication.

Best,

Ouiliam — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ouiliam (talk • contribs) 02:43, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

 Not done

That discussion indicates that Arabeasy should not be included in the article: Wikipedia talk:Articles for creation/ArabEasy (software). --Mahmudmasri (talk) 20:59, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

ISO 233-2 Simplified

Could anybody confirm this system? The letters in the table like đ, đ̣, ř, ŧ looks very suspicious. It may be a falsification of the actual standard. --Lüboslóv Yęzýkin (talk) 16:14, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

SAS and Buckwalter

I think SAS could be hardly seen in any English language text, so it is a very rare system. Its best place in Spanish Wikipedia, where it belongs rightfully. Buckwalter may not be created for humans, but it is used by humans, at least in quran.com. I also saw it in other places, it is worth its place in the table.--Lüboslóv Yęzýkin (talk) 11:54, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

And BATR is hardly a substitution for Buckwalter. BATR is one among dozens of "proposed" and "the best" schemes from around the web, we cannot list them all.--Lüboslóv Yęzýkin (talk) 12:08, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Arabic romanization in Indonesia

In Indonesia, we have a comprehensive system for romanize Arabic texts, including our Al-Qur'an. Link here: https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pedoman_alih_aksara_Arab_ke_Latin. Muhammad Hidayat (talk) 02:42, 10 May 2016 (UTC)

Opposite order of dipththongs and long vowels in Comparison table

Please, the elements should be read from right to left --Backinstadiums (talk) 21:48, 21 September 2017 (UTC)

Done.--Lüboslóv Yęzýkin (talk) 09:52, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

"Principal standards and systems are: ...."

The systems listed here - apart of "chat" - are hardly 1% of all instances of romanisation use. E.g. EI - this system is used in Encyclopaedia of Islam only. Is it one millionth of all texts in romanized Arabic? No, it is not.

Most common romanizations, offical and not, are not spoken about. 46.242.13.62 (talk) 05:56, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

Who's DIN??? Is Deutsches Institut für Normung any more influential when it comes to romanizing Arabic, than any Nigerian institution? I don't think than in 19th century (early 20th century if you need q and not ḳ) Germany where the alphabet was already in use anyone prophesized that DIN would "develop" it in 1982. 46.242.13.62 (talk) 12:06, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

What I mean: I believe, romanisation of Arabic is "representation of the Arabic language with the Latin script". This is "short description" in the article and I believe it is accurate.

The central part is the table. The table is for standards and systems. Moreover it is for a certain kind of them. It is easy to find content and sources for such a table, but the table is sort of "greedy". This ease of filling it with stuff whose prominence by WP standards is seems easy to demonstrate - everyone knows UN, many here know ISO, people who're into electronics know DIN... - makes it dictate what the article is about.

Why "seems"? The organisations are prominent. But what about application? Where exactly UNGEGN's current system is used? Arab countries also have institutions and standards. If we have DIN here, what about them?

As long as the table is the article's core you won't read here about some of the most widespread approaches (e.g. "aa" for long a - I see it daily!!! Native speakers, teaching, occasionally linguistics articles) and I won't find here answers to some of my questions (e.g. do they share some romanization methods in schools in Arab countries?).46.242.13.62 (talk) 12:48, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

New one

https://www.facebook.com/gubayev.marat/posts/2531039703776893
Example: http://crh2.ugu.pl/#ARABIC — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.114.147.158 (talk) 18:03, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

Spelling changes over time

Discussion moved from Talk:Omar:

Hi Apaugasma, just to pick up on your first point re the 'o'->'u' transition. I have a feeling that 'o' was the prevailing French transcription, and 'u' became the prevailing German transcription, and that the influence of French Arabologists gave way to German Arabologists at some point. See for example:

Othman vs Uthman (1750-2019):

• German [2]
• French [3]
• English [4]

Omar vs Umar (1750-2019):

• German [5]
• French [6]
• English [7]

Mohammed vs Muhammad (1750-2019):

• German [8]
• French [9]
• English [10]

Moslem vs Muslim (1750-2019):

• German [11]
• French [12]
• English [13]

You can also see it in the country name Oman, which is 'Uman in modern orthography.

I have done some more reading, and can confirm that in having this debate, we are in good company. See some 19th century sources below:

“ The reformed spelling of English commends itself to the present writer ; but — dis aliter visum — not to the publisher. In oriental words such forms as Marocco for Morocco, Muhammad for Mohammed, Muslim for Moslem, Musulman for Mussulman, Umar for Omar and Uthman for Othman have been used as being less incorrect and scarcely less familiar. Quran, the Arabic form, is preferred to Koran, the English hybrid. ” — The redemption of Africa, 1899. Cross-refers to Dictionary of Islam, 1885

“ We may say the same of the pedantic forms Muhammed and Muhammedan, which Dr. Murdock uniformly uses. As this, at first sight, has the air of an improvement on the side of learned accuracy, we shall say a word about it, for the sake of hindering its propagation. Admitting for a moment, that Muhammed is a nearer approach to the original, we protest against it, as a needless affectation, and in opposition to the soundest principles of English orthography. Mahound and Mahomet have been long discarded by the great majority of reputable writers; and though some diversity exists about the substituted form, Mohammed may be looked upon as authorized by pretty general usage. If this increasing uniformity is to be disturbed for the sake of a grammatical punetilio; why not push it further? Dr. M., though he thinks it necessary to write Muhammed, retains the old English spelling Lewis, even when speaking of the king of France! This sort of inconsistency pervades all the new-fangled systems of orthography. We deny, however, that Muhamed is the correct form, upon any principle. If the Arabic vowel is always equivalent to U, why does not Dr. M. write Umar, Uthman, Kuran, instead of Omar, Othman, Koran? Any one, however, who will turn to de Sacy's Grammar, will find that this vowel is pronounced both like U and O, and that the case in question is among those which require the latter sound. Mohammed, therefore, is more accurate, as well as in better taste, than the form which Dr. Murdock has adopted from the German. We have dwelt long upon a trifle, in order to exemplify the tendency of that rage for orthographical innovation which is just now epidemical among us. In justice to the Germans, we should add, however, that with them, Muhammed, has usage on its side. ” — Review of Murdock's Mosheim, 1833

Onceinawhile (talk) 23:18, 6 September 2021 (UTC)

@Onceinawhile: would you consider removing your last post here (you have permission to remove my reply with it)? It's a very interesting topic, but it doesn't help us decide what to do with the article title, and it makes this already overlong RM impossible to read through for potential !voters. If I might add one thing just FYI: in contradistinction to their 19th-century colleagues, 20th-century Arabists have taken it upon themselves to strictly adhere to one transliteration system throughout every individual publication (it's mostly the publishers who decide which system they impose, and it's slightly different for almost every one of them). Arabists do not discuss orthography anymore, and explicitly regard their use of transliteration as a non-orthographic convention. The anglophone among them quasi-universally use transliteration systems with 'u' (as a professional Arabist myself I'm very familiar with sources at least from the 1920s on, and I've rarely seen 'o' used by an anglophone Arabist in the last century), and that in turn may impact wider (properly orthographic) usage. So yes, words using 'o' are probably a legacy of 19th- or even 18th-century orthography, and have the most staying power when they are commonly used outside of scholarly or generally intellectual contexts. ☿ Apaugasma (talk ☉) 00:43, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

@Apaugasma: if we can source some of this discussion to reliable sources, it would be a very valuation addition to this article. Frankly my interest in the Omar/Umar title is much more about my keenness to understand how this changed over time and what the path to consensus around a truly standardized system looks like (the Chinese authorities were able to impose it with Pinyin; the decentralization of the Arab world makes that impossible).

Have you come across any sources that would allow us to cite the following three sentences in this article?

1. "20th-century Arabists have taken it upon themselves to strictly adhere to one transliteration system throughout every individual publication" Ideally we would state exactly which system - which one of the list in this article are you referring to?
2. "Arabists do not discuss orthography anymore, and explicitly regard their use of transliteration as a non-orthographic convention."
3. "...words using 'o' are probably a legacy of 19th- or even 18th-century orthography"

Onceinawhile (talk) 07:06, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

Hello Onceinawhile, thank you for moving this here! I'm afraid that what I wrote above (as well as below) is based on my own long experience of reading secondary literature written by Arabists rather than on any written source, though when I hit upon such a source I will make sure to let you know!

As for your queries, the lack of standards for Arabic transliteration is even worse than you think: this article lists a number of codified standards (there are in fact many more which are not listed here), but the reality is that, with the exception of DIN 31635, they are very rarely adhered to as a standard. What actually happens in practice is that every publisher, every journal, at times just the editorial team of an edited volume, imposes their very own transliteration scheme. This scheme is very strictly adhered to throughout the publication for which it is devised, and it is only the rigorous consistency of following such a scheme itself that differentiates 20th-century practice from older, more anarchic practices.

Another misleading aspect of our WP article here is that it obscures the fact that in practice, almost all anglophone publications choose one of two transliteration schemes: either DIN 31635 (a guestimated 4.9% of publications; mostly adhered to very strictly; it is the standard everywhere in the German-speaking world), or a system closely resembling ALA-LC (though ʾ and ʿ for hamza and ayn are much more common than ʼ and ʻ, and á for alif maqsura rather than ā is extremely rare to non-existent; a guestimated 95% of publications use something resembling this). So most of the systems listed in this article are never used in anglophone publications, while the one that is used most often is actually not listed!

One common thread through all these systems is that they are very consciously used to transliterate Arabic, not to coin a specific spelling for English words deriving from Arabic. Modern Arabists don't want to and don't have to discuss whether the most prevalent or 'correct' spelling is Koran or Kuran, because they will use Qurʾān anyways, without any pretension of establishing this as dictionary orthography. But if popular usage now often prefers Qur'an (which in Wikipedia WP:MOSAR terms would be the 'basic transcription'), the usage among Arabists is very likely to have something to do with that.

Anyways, this is all still just to give you some basic info drawing upon professional experience. I have no sources for this, and since I have no personal interest in this topic, I do not plan to work on this article. As I said, I will let you know when I find something relevant though! ☿ Apaugasma (talk ☉) 13:59, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

Apaugasma, thank you. This is very interesting, I will have to read it a couple of times more to fully digest it.

I have been mulling over one sentence you wrote: What actually happens in practice is that every publisher, every journal, at times just the editorial team of an edited volume, imposes their very own transliteration scheme. This scheme is very strictly adhered to throughout the publication for which it is devised Surely this is what Wikipedia should do too.

Would you be interested in working with me on a mini-project to create Arabic conventions for Wikipedia, such as we have for other languages at Wikipedia:Romanization (see also Category:Wikipedia naming conventions and Category:Wikipedia romanization systems)?

Onceinawhile (talk) 22:54, 7 September 2021 (UTC)

Hello Onceinawhile! That mini-project you speak of is called Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Arabic. It was called a 'proposal' from its inception in 2005, and was declared 'dormant' in 2017 (after it hadn't been edited in almost a year), but in practice it really functions as a guideline and serves as Wikipedia's own Arabic transliteration scheme (though it is in some regards not at all adhered to). If you'd be interested to work on it, Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Arabic would be the place. I'm watching it, so if you post there I will probably chime in (as will perhaps some others).

But actually, although I do think that a reworked and officially 'guidelined' version of WP:MOSAR could be helpful, I'm not in favor of imposing one transliteration scheme on all WP articles. I think the first thing such a guideline should tell editors to do after using 'common transcription' (non-systematic transcriptions which just are the most common, like Osama bin Laden or Mohamed Morsi, and which should always be used if they exist), is to use one transcription system consistently throughout the article. Somewhat like WP:ENGVAR, it would be better to stress consistency first, and let it be changed only by local consensus on the talk page. Then I would have the guideline recommend a strict transliteration system based on ALA-LC, with enough alternative options for those things which often vary between publications (‘ or ʿ for ayn, -a or -ah for ta marbuta, al- or ar- for sun letters, etc.). Finally, and most controversially, I would get rid of 'basic transcription', and recommend to use strict transliteration for everything that is not 'common transcription' or looks almost identical in strict transliteration (if it were up to me, Muhammad would be Muḥammad and Jabir ibn Hayyan would be Jābir ibn Ḥayyān).

So yeah, that's all if it were up to me. But I've never engaged with this because I know very well that it is not up to me, and I don't really feel like putting all my wiki-energy in something like this. If you do, however, I would always be glad to help. ☿ Apaugasma (talk ☉) 20:33, 8 September 2021 (UTC)

Romanization Issues Section Largely POV and OR

I just dug thru the history of the section to try to figure out if the list of issues originally had some source for which we could add a citation—there doesn't seem to be. There doesn't seem to be. At present, two claims have some citational backing. The rest seem to be personal opinion. Perhaps someone would like to try to clean this up and get it to a good Wikipedia standard. If not, I'd like to delete it. Pathawi (talk) 08:10, 27 June 2023 (UTC)

I agree that we should delete the problematic sections. They are pretty poorly written.

Unrefined Gasoline (talk) 15:55, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

Paragraph with Confusing Grammar and Non-Encyclopedic Language

The paragraph which states "the same sound in the Arabic script, e.g. alif ا vs. alif maqṣūrah ى for the sound /aː/ ā, and the six different ways (ء إ أ آ ؤ ئ) of writing the glottal stop (hamza, usually transcribed ʼ ). This sort of detail is needlessly confusing, except in a very few situations (e.g., typesetting text in the Arabic script)." should be removed in my opinion. I'd do it myself but it's a major edit and I'm not sure if it's okay for me to do. The first sentence doesn't really make sense at all, and the second sentence is too opinionated for Wikipedia. Unrefined Gasoline (talk) 15:53, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

To add to article

Explanation to add to this article: exactly why ال is romanized "el" rather than "al" in Egyptian Arabic. Is it actually also pronounced "el" rather than "al"? 98.123.38.211 (talk) 18:15, 1 June 2024 (UTC)

Unicode superscript

On the page right now are three cells that use superscript: aⁿ, iⁿ, and uⁿ. Based on my understanding of the principles of text and superscript, detailed on Unicode subscripts and superscripts, and despite not being a scholar of arabic romanization, I have decided to replace the markup-based superscript with the unicode-based superscript aⁿ, iⁿ, and uⁿ. This has the benefit that it will work in plain text unicode-compliant systems (in which, I assume, one is supposed to be able to type arabic, including this romanization). For example, you can now copy-and-paste this text without losing the fact that it's superscript (which is supposed to distinguish it from some other systems, I guess...) Dingolover6969 (talk) 07:31, 26 September 2024 (UTC)