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Belgium: Please, stop reverting article moves

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The renaming of articles on Belgian institutions had not been done lightheartedly. There is no such thing as 'standard naming' in this respect, and for a country with a structure that is internationally considered complex – to say it mildly – titles that may be rather common for many countries, simply do not fit. It is our task to be WP:NPOV in the naming of articles as much as in their content. Therefore the titles cannot disregard the legal structure of the country, especially as strong viewpoints about that structure and suggested modifications are controversial. — SomeHuman 12 Oct2006 01:08 (UTC)

Like all other articles the name should be "xy of Countryname". This is done so for all other subdivisions worldwide. Consider following common practice. I see nothing especially "complex" with the existence of 10 provinces in Belgium. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 04:17, 13 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]

The Belgian constitutional structure makes the existence of the Provinces dependant upon the Federal level. For instance, Article 5 of the Belgian Constitution states: "It lies with the law to divide the territory into a greater number of provinces, if need be." and "A law can shield certain territories whose limits it fixes, from division into provinces, make them depend directly on the federal executive power, and make them subject to a statute of their own." The term "law" indicates that only the federal legislative power can do this, as legislation adopted by the Regions is known as "decrees". --Ganchelkas 13:58, 14 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
BTW, those who want to know more about this discussion can check this page.
Ganchelkas, your quotes strengthen my argument: the second quote says a law can withdraw certain territories from division into provinces, then that territory is not a province any more. That line is precisely what allowed the Brussels-Capital Region to exist entirely unrelated to any province, and why Belgium no longer is a country that consists of provinces. The first quote puts it within the (federal) law to reverse such, for instance to create a province of which the boundaries coincide with the Brussels-Capital Region. In that unlikely event, and as far as the Constitution allows: only then, 'Provinces of Belgium' would once again become a correct title. — SomeHuman 14 Oct2006 19:25 (UTC)
All I'm saying is that we should apply Wikipedia naming conventions. You don't see articles named "Communes of Cantons of Arrondissements of Departments of Regions of France" either, so why should we have an article called "Provinces of Regions of Belgium". The Dutch Wikipedia article also says "Belgium consists of three Regions, of which two are further divided into Provinces", yet it is also named "Provincies van België" rather than "Provincies van Gewesten van België".--Ganchelkas 09:29, 15 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
While overlooking the article I noticed a blatant error: "Missing are only a governor, a vice-governor and some aides.". Not only is this poorly written, it is a factual inaccuracy of the worst kind. Article 5 of the Province Law clearly states that the administrative arrondissement of Brussels-Capital does have a Governor (with a statute and competences equal to those of the Provincial Governors), a Vice-Governor and some sort of "secretariat" consisting of personnel provided by the Federal Government. --Ganchelkas 09:36, 15 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
Ganchelkas, your above 'BTW' (of 14 Oct2006 13:58) 'this page' link shows User:Fram to have used your (15 Oct2006 09:29) France argument, and my reply. Perhaps read this as well.
When other provinces are put together, they form their entire country, which makes those true subdivisions of that country. You do not see me creating 'Municipalities of a region or of provinces of a region in Belgium': 1) All municipalities in Belgium together are geographically Belgium, 2) municipalities in Belgium - regardless whether a province or a region is their immediate supervisor - act and report from the municipality's viewpoint to an authority with similar subnational competences, in a similar way as in other countries.
An article on districts (not the arrondisements, but the subdivisions of municipalities that have more than 100,000 inhabitants) should not be called 'Districts of Belgium' but 'Districts of municipalities in Belgium' or 'Districts of Belgian municipalities' – even though in other countries districts are often a true subdivision [often of another subnational level than those in Belgium] and have an article 'Districts of Country'. Therefore it should be 'Provinces of regions in Belgium' or 'Provinces of Belgian regions'. A title that ignores this, suggests that as elsewhere, all places in Belgium are in a district and in a province, which is false and – for provinces – eradicates a result of the Belgian federalization. Leading people towards inaccurately assuming that something is what they are generally used to, even if or specifically because we ourselves always learned about 'Provinces of Belgium' which at the time was correct, breaches WP:NPOV and I'm sure this will by sheer habbit occur more than once outside Wikipedia – it still is our duty to actively pay attention to keep articles and their titles WP:NPOV.
Your second paragraph (15 Oct2006 09:36) looks accurate to me. I did not write the article, but found "The Brussels Region does not belong to any of the provinces. Within the Region, 99% of the provincial competencies are assumed by the Brussels regional institutions. Remaining is only a governor, a vice-governor and some aides." and just made a few style and link ammendments without thinking about verifying facts (as this should have been done by the author that introduced it); surely the governor etc did not remain as it clearly is no province, so I interpreted it in the sense of 'The 1% remaining to become assumed by the Brussels regional institutions' and thus simply wrote 'Missing is'. For now, I take out the last sentence and thus leave it open which 1% is missing; I assume it would be best to introduce these by their actual statutes.
— SomeHuman 15 Oct2006 12:46-14:57 (UTC)
Note: I tried to improve and again complete the paragraph on the Brussels-Capital Region. I would appreciate Ganchelkas having a look and make corrections and/or deliver further/better references if needed. — SomeHuman 15 Oct2006 16:53 (UTC)
Looks good to me, I just added that his main responsibility is public order. --Ganchelkas 15:29, 16 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Municipalities

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This may not be the right place to ask, but shouldn't Municipalities of Belgium be moved to Municipalities of provinces of regions in Belgium ?? --83.182.197.215 16:36, 15 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Is this my first sign of clearvoyance? It does not happen very often that I give an answer ('No') hours before a question is put. See my comment of 15 Oct2006 12:46-14:57 (UTC) in the section here above . — SomeHuman 15 Oct2006 17:16 (UTC)

WP:RM

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The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the debate was moved Patstuarttalk|edits 20:48, 6 January 2007 (UTC)[reply]

  • support Tobias Conradi (Talk) 03:22, 17 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support as (1) this format contravenes the "Xs of Country" used everywhere else; (2) "Provinces of regions..." doesn't make sense to this English speaker; and (3) only provinces appear to be addressed by the article. David Kernow (talk) 03:27, 17 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support It should either be Provinces of Belgium or Regions in Belgium, but not both. --Wirbelwind 04:07, 17 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support: title is neutral and follows normal naming conventions of Wikipedia Fram 04:49, 17 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support per nom.--Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 09:09, 17 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
  • Support for the reasons mentioned above. --Ganchelkas 16:05, 17 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
  • Alternative name As apparently stubborn user, I support the move to a shorter title, but strongly recommend 'Provinces in Belgium' rather than 'Provinces of Belgium':

      2,340,000 English pages for "municipalities of ".
      3,720,000 English pages for "municipalities in ".
      8,910,000 English pages for "districts of ".
    11,800,000 English pages for "districts in ".
      6,300,000 English pages for "provinces of ".
      3,490,000 English pages for "provinces in ".
    [No departments (e.g. 'of' Universities) or regions (vague)]

    These are quick-and-dirty Google searches on grouped words in English language pages. You will notice that for provinces, usually true subdivisions of a country, the term 'of' is most common; for both other circumscriptions – which have a higher subnational level that is not the highest – 'in' is most common. Both words are obviously proper English. But 'of' has a belong to, controlled by sense that 'in' lacks. The provinces in Belgium are true subdivisions of and controlled by 2 out of 3 regions that indeed are such intermediate subnational level. I argued elsewhere why 'Provinces of Flanders' and 'Provinces of Wallonia' should remain in one article and refer to the country, but then in the appropriate way.
    The Wikipedia:Naming conventions (country-specific topics): "In general, country-specific articles and categories should be named using the form: '(item) of (country)'." The guideline gives as sample 'History of Portugal', which of course cannot be "in" and thus comes to the generalizing '(item) of (country)'. It further says: "This will usually hold true in other geography-specific topics, such as for cities, continents, provinces, states, etc". These take the place of (country), not (item); notice usually. The guideline is not at all concentrating on "in" versus "of" for geographical inclusions but handles in our case using '(country)' instead of '(region)' if such is common English usage. Choosing 'in' is supported by Wikipedia:Naming conventions's 'in a nutshell': "Generally, article naming should give priority to what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity": the word is just as plain English [even more common when there is an intermediate subnational level, as here], just as short, and cannot be ambiguously and here inaccurately interpreted as 'controlled by'. — SomeHuman 17 Oct2006 17:56 (UTC)
First: the counts are rather close, so no real priority can be given: furthermore, for this specific one (province), "of" gets more hits than "in". But it is important to notice that in many cases, they are not interchangeable, since you can (and usually do) say "The provinces of Belgium are Antwerp, Limburg, ...", but "There are 10 provinces in Belgium", and so on. So such counts do not learn us very much. Anyway, we get 1020 Ghits for "provinces in Belgium"[1], and 10900 (or ten times as much) for "provinces of Belgium"[2], so even using Google hits as a criterium, this seems pretty clear cut to me. Fram 18:54, 17 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
The counts are close because true immediate subdivisions as 'the districts of <state>' can be expected to be more common than 'the districts in <country>', yet the 'in' still wins (thus suggesting that even 'districts in <state>' is not unusual); this goes far less for 'provinces of Flanders' etc. because provinces in the large majority of countries having any, are true immediate subdivisions. As such, the 'provinces of Belgium' did exist, which causes (citing from) older texts, texts about historical situations like in heraldry or the Atomium sybolizing the (then 9) provinces of Belgium, as well as old habits to appear on the web. Though I admit that your figures are impressive, I still hold 'in' as generally better especially for non-directly related entities, as it never implies belonging to but just indicates a location. Also even for directly related entities, if the lower level has sufficient autonomy: we hear of 'countries in Europe' but hardly ever of 'countries of Europe'. (Curiously, a genitive seems to less strongly imply 'belonging to': European countries is quite common). — SomeHuman 18 Oct2006 00:02-00:45 (UTC)
Comment: IP has 0 other contributions. — SomeHuman 17 Oct2006 18:50 (UTC)
But all of Belgium was in provinces. The term 'in' is absolutely and undisputedly neutre (about completely or not at all 'controlled by', for direct or indirect subdivisions, for applying to the whole or a part of the country). I showed that 'in' is as common as 'of' (not for provinces in/of Belgium because these were true divisions without intermediate level and totally controlled by the national level - I see no good reason for Wikipedia to even vaguely suggest it might live in the past or deny acknowledgement of the present). When changing a name, why resisting 'in' as no-one has indicated which advantage 'of' might offer?
Furthermore, I had suggested 'Provinces in Belgium' on 14 Oct2006, three days before the nominator incorrectly stated that the long title "until now is only supported by the mover himself". (Unlike several early voters here, he had not taken part in that discussion to which he had been invited.) — SomeHuman 20 Oct2006 20:33 (UTC)
I believe "in" is resisted as it can cause ambiguity when used with those countries with offshore territories, etc. There may be other reasons that I can't immediately recall; Wikipedia:Naming conventions should carry them somewhere. Regards, David Kernow (talk) 02:37, 21 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
PS Your further thoughts here before the discussion is closed would be appreciated; thanks.
The Wikipedia:Naming conventions guideline page refers to Wikipedia:Naming conventions (country-specific topics) which clearly states: "In", "from", or another preposition may be substituted for "of" as appropriate. I agree that 'in' may not be appropriate for some kind of entities that are truly outside a country's territorial boundaries: in that case 'of' is used precisely because it means – as I've been saying all the time – belonging to, controlled by the country, whereas 'in' simply refers to a location within a country. For most countries, provinces 'in' or 'of' would equally apply. I cannot imagine provinces of a country to exist outside any country's territory so there is never a need for 'of'; at least in Belgium 'in' is the most appropriate for the reasons explained, and 'in' may be used for other countries' provinces if one would prefer a standard naming convention. I would not advise to systematically enforce such standard, because redirecting (from 'in' to 'of' or in our case from 'of' to 'in') can take care of practical concerns, but the (large and bold) title should be the proper one. — SomeHuman 21 Oct2006 12:01 (UTC)
PS: I assume 'extra-territorial' but not 'offshore' to be relevant: I think it's quite normal to say "Lerwick is a municipality in the UK", whereas "Lerwick is a municipality of the UK" does not sound any more common or appropriate. But of course we may say 'the Embassy of France in the UK' — SomeHuman 21 Oct2006 12:37 (UTC)
I believe I understand your point, SomeHuman, but it's reminded me of another factor behind the preference for "of": there's a stronger possibility that "Provinces in X" might suggest that all provinces are similar. This might not be particularly misleading in the case of provinces, but it would be in the case of many other administrative country subdivisions (viz. those that denote (say) a second-level division in one country but a fourth-level division in another, etc). I also think there is a distinction between a phrase such as "Provinces of Belgium" acting as a title and it being used/misused/not used within prose. Finally, I'd say the connotations of "of" in this context are as much "associated with" as they might be "belonging to" / "owned by" / "controlled by". Thanks for your continued thoughts, David (talk) 20:34, 21 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
I can't follow your associations. How would 'Culture in X' be suggesting that all cultures are identical worldwide? Why would 'in X' appear any different for provinces? Provinces in Belgium are third level, in most countries 2nd level; the use of 'of' suggests 2nd rather than 3rd, whether you call it an association with X or belonging to X. To what respect would 'of' suggest 'associated with' rather and other than 'belonging to', and why would we prefer associated with before located in as said by 'in'? — SomeHuman 22 Oct2006 01:44 (UTC)
Well, I'm just reporting that for an general encyclopedia in English, an article such as "Districts of X" (which is probably a better example than Provinces above) is less likely to suggest to someone with little or no knowledge of country subdivisions that all administrative "districts" are similar. Another point of view is that the districts of X do indeed "belong to" X in the sense that they don't just happen to be in X. I think feedback from other folk is needed here as I'm aware this is just my opinion/experience here on Wikipedia thus far. Not that many people seem to visit it, but maybe you could enquire at WP:WPCSub...  Yours, David (talk) 02:46, 22 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
I don't think much more feedback is needed, both the discussion at wikiproject:belgium and the clear consensus here are more than enough. The xeamples given in the above discussion are misleading. You normally say "there are ten provinces in Belgium", but you say "The provnces of Belgium are Antwerp, Liège, ...". Similar to "there are many organs in the human body", but "the organs of the human body are the heart, the lungs, ...": notice that also in this case, the body is not composed entirely of organs, nor are the organs "owned" by the body: but the body does contain the organs, just like Belgium contains the provinces. The proposed title confirms to common standards on Wikipedia, is in use, is accepted by a clear consensus: what more do we need? Fram 12:56, 22 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
In the first 'organs' phrase, the main point is 'organs are many' limited to those for which the location is 'the human body' as this sentence does not imply anything about the functionality or purpose of organs for the body. Unlike David Kernow's view, clearly 'in' does not suggest that all organs are similar (other than being 'organs') even while 'many' indicates countability and therefore at least a minimum of similarity. It does neither imply nor deny that the organs would happen to be or that they would necessarily need to be in the body. Thus 'in' has no implication other than a location - controlled by or independent of X, incidentally or purposefully located there. In the second phrase however, the organs are named thus suggesting to have specific functions for the body to which they belong; we do not say 'in' here because the body is not a bag that is designed to simply contain a bunch of organs but owns, controls and uses these organs. If the organs would 'disobey', the body is dead. Belgium would not cease to exist if the provinces would be abolished, and as a national entity has little say on the provinces. Obviously, the provinces of Wallonia and the provinces of Flanders are in Belgium. It is far less obvious to say that the provinces of Wallonia and the provinces of Flanders are of Belgium. Does that sound like English? — SomeHuman 22 Oct2006 14:08 (UTC)
The regions wouldn't cease to exist either if you abolished the provinces, but still you talk about "provinces of the regions". Your argument is therefor invalid. Fram 14:51, 22 October 2006 (UTC)[reply]
No, the condition for 'of' is bifold: cease to exist without provinces OR not have little say on the provinces. Belgium fails both; the regions meet the second. Furthermore, the phrase was not intended as a formal logical statement: the comparison with the organs of the human body used 'dead' as a way of implying that the body must have good control of its organs. The real weight is there. Belgium at the national level does not need the provinces to survive and does not need to control these, and it cannot do such by the constitution. — SomeHuman 22 Oct2006 18:21 (UTC)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Division into provinces

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I modified the intro because it said that the division into provinces is governed by the Regions, which isn't true. It is true that the Regions are responsible for the provinces, but the division into provinces is governed by Article 5 and 6 of the Belgian Constitution, which state:

Art. 5
The Walloon region is made up of the following provinces: The Walloon Brabant, Hainaut, Liege, Luxemburg and Namur. The Flemish region is made up of the following provinces: Antwerp, the Flemish Brabant, West Flanders, East Flanders and Limburg.
It lies with the law to divide the territory into a greater number of provinces, if need be.
A law can shield certain territories whose limits it fixes, from division into provinces, make them depend directly on the federal executive power, and make them subject to a statute of their own. This law must be adopted by majority vote as provided for in Article 4, last paragraph.
Art. 6
The provincial sub-divisions can only be established by law.

This means that the Constitution fixes the division into provinces, but that a law can make changes to the division into provinces. "A law", not "a decree". Hence, it would be incorrect to say the division into provinces is governed by the Regions.--Ganchelkas 13:28, 22 June 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Error - Belge - Provinece du Luxembourg ( B )

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Erreur - Error --> Flag province luxembourg.png

  • PAS Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ou Belge ! C'est celui des Pays-bas - NOT Grand Duchy of Luxembourg or Belgium ! It is the Netherlands
    PAS Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ou Belge ! C'est celui des Pays-bas - NOT Grand Duchy of Luxembourg or Belgium ! It is the Netherlands

Voici une " Preuve " , le site du Gouverneur de la province du Luxembourg de Belgique

- --Bernard Piette (talk) 13:53, 18 September 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Merger proposal

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I propose that Provinces of Flanders be merged into this page. It seems to be an unnecessary duplication of content and entirely within the scope of this page. Oreo Priest talk 09:40, 23 November 2010 (UTC)[reply]

I fully endorse this merger. This article is of top importance, so it makes sense to beef it up as much as possible. ConorBrady.ie (caint) 14:59, 23 November 2010 (UTC)[reply]
Endorse as well, no sense in having a separate subpage for Flanders. Fram (talk) 15:12, 23 November 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Small text

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It appears that the interactive map on this page causes all the text after it to shrink. I have noticed the same problem in the Belgium article. Tad Lincoln (talk) 18:21, 26 February 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Nevermind, I got it. Tad Lincoln (talk) 18:32, 26 February 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Template produces poor PDF (print) output

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PDF output using Google Chrome's built-in distiller produces poor results with this page. (Use the Ctrl P command in Chrome to preview). Issue may be with the template used or (more likely) the the way content was entered (coded) into the template and saved by the contributor. For example, when printing this article with Google's HTML to PDF converter, the font size is scaled down too much. Note that the font size should not dynamically scale up or down to fit a page; font size of the main-body text content should be about 12 points on outputted PDF page(s); it is the images and table cells that should dynamically scale up or down to fit the info box and template in order to maintain the two-column Wikipedia layout. The offending element appears to be the table. Refer to this Wikipedia article for a proper printer-friendly layout using tables and images -- https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/List_of_active_German_Navy_ships Printchecker (talk) 02:31, 25 September 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Why No Labeled Map?

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Most articles on the subdivisions of a country have a clearly labeled map showing such subdivisions. This article has a historical map with regions/provinces/areas labeled, and it also has a modern (2017) population map without provinces labeled. The most important map, one with modern provinces labeled, is noticeably absent. I assume this is merely an oversight. Surely a non-copyrighted, public domain, labeled map of modern Belgium exists somewhere online. Might someone please address this and edit the article accordingly? Thank you. 66.91.36.8 (talk) 01:51, 31 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]

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