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Semi-protected edit request on 19 October 2020

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Several factual mistakes and misleading statements as well as unnecessary information of self-representation are edited. This is a new version:

Extended content

The Roman city Pompeiopolis (Greek: Πομπηιούπολις) in Paphlagonia is situated at the northern riverbank of Gökırmak (Greek Amnias) near Taşköprü, Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey,). The city´s territory reached the Küre mountains to the north, Ilgaz (Greek Olgassys) mountains to the south, the Kızılırmak (Greek Halys) to the east and Pınarbaşı valley to the west. Pompeiopolis was one of the seven cities founded by the Roman general Pompey the Great along the fluvial plains of Iris, Halys and Amnias in 64/63 BC, when he conquered the Pontic Kingdom in Northern Anatolia and incorporated the region into the new Roman double province of Bithynia-Pontus. It was later assigned to the vassal princes of Paphlagonia by Mark Antony. Scholarship links the date 5 BC, recorded on city´s inscriptions as the beginning of a new era, with its reincorporation into the Roman Empire. [1] During its peak in the 2nd Century AD the city was capital of the Roman Province Paphlagonia for the inscriptions and coins bore the title "Metropolis of Paphlagonia".[2] Since the 4th century Pompeiopolis is recorded as a bishopric seat [3] and held the title autocephalous archdiocese at some time during the reign of Justinian I. In the 10th/11th century, Pompeiopolis was a metropolitan see until the 14th century. [4] The city was heavily destroyed by an earthquake in the 6th century which is recorded in several written sources. [5] It was possibly this devasting catastrophe why the city center was gradually moved to the floodplain at the southern riverbank. The Byzantine Pompeiopolis is covered today by Taşköprü where considerable building remains and finds were observed in the construction pits of the underground car park of the Cumhuriyet Meydanı. The Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologus witnessed in 1391 a colonnaded stone bridge as the best-preserved building from the decaying city Pompeiopolis. A river crossing connecting the wide floodplains of Amnias must have been a landmark already in Pre-Roman times and the stage of the celebrated battle of Amnias between the armies of Mithridates VI and Nicomedes.[6]. The only ancient literary source that mentions Pompeiopolis is in the 12th book of Strabo who links the city with the realgar mines Sandracourgion. A new analysis of this passage suggested that Pompeiopolis was founded to take over the administrative function of the Hellenistic fortress Pimolisa located likely in today´s Boyabat which was abandoned and destroyed in the aftermath of the Mithridatic Wars.[7] In the early 13th century, Pompeiopolis Fell under the Seljuk rule and its name changed to Taşköprü (Stone Bridge) .[8] In 1806, when Pascale Fourcade rediscovered Pompieopolis on the Zımbıllı Tepe he could not discern any ruins except some scattered inscriptions and rooftiles.[9] In 2006, an international project for a holistic investigation of Pompeiopolis was designed and initiated by Lâtife Summerer who directed extended surveys and goal-oriented excavations between 2006 and 2012 on behalf of the University of Munich and between 2012 and 2016 on behalf of the University of Kastamonu and in cooperation with the Museum of Kastamonu.[10] Since 2017, excavations and activities for touristic development of the site are carried out under the auspices of the Museum of Kastamonu.[11] Although no remains were visible on the surface, a systematic geophysical survey over Zımbıllı Tepe detected the outline of a large city with roads and a monumental building, baths and two theatres that were successively archaeologically investigated.[12] The excavations in the major theatre unearthed the lowest marble seat rows as well as inscribed architraves with decorated friezes from the scaenae frons. From the inscription, it is understood that at least a part of the stage was built around 150 AD. The theatre was dismantled within the 5th century. Scarce remains of an octagonal building were previously identified as the tholos of a marcellum[13], Christian graves excavated in 2016 in this area proved, however, that the octagonal building was a church.[14]. A large multiphase 3rdcentury domus had been revealed at the eastern foot of the city mound which was lavishly embellished with rich floor and wall mosaics in the fourth century, but gradually scaled down with room alternations in the 5th century and eventually abandoned in the early 7th century.[15]. The excavated archaeological finds are exhibited or stored in the Museum of Archaeology of Kastamonu. A small museum adjacent to the excavation house, created in 2014, exhibits stone monuments like inscriptions, architectural elements, grave stelae and provides the visitors with information about the history and monuments of the city. The municipal history museum in Taşköprü established in 2017 presents some hypothetical digital reconstructions of the city´s lost appearance alongside with objects and information from the younger history of Taşköprü.[16]

Bibliography
  • Ch. Marek, "Pompeiopolis", Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Band 10, Metzler, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-476-01480-0.
  • J. Dalaison, "L'atelier monétaire de Pompeiopolis en Paphlagonie", in Delrieux (F.) et Kayser (Fr.), éd., Hommages offerts à François Bertrandy, Tome 1: Des déserts d'Afrique au pays des Allobroges, Laboratoire Langages, Littératures, Sociétés, Collection Sociétés, Religions, Politiques, n° 16, Chambéry, 2010, p. 45-81.
  • L. Summerer, A. von Kienlin, "Pompeiopolis. Metropolis of Paphlagonia," H. Bru, G. Labarre (ed.), L'Anatolie des peuples, des cités et des cultures. (IIe millénaire av. J.-C. - Ve siècle ap. J.-C.). Colloque international de Besançon - 26-27 novembre 2010 (2 vols.). Besançon: Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté, 2014. 115-126. ISBN 9782848674735.
  • L. Summerer (ed.): Pompeiopolis I: Eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006-2010) Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2011, ISBN 978-3-941171-63-3.
  • J. W. E. Fassbinder Geophysikalische Prospektion in Pompeiopolis,in: Lâtife Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 17-28.
  • L. Musso et al., L’edificio abitativo alle pendici orientali dello Zımbıllı Tepe, in: Lâtife Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011 , 75-120.
  • L. Summerer, A. von Kienlin, Georg Herdt, Frühe Forschungen in Paphlagonien - Neue Grabungen in Pompeiopolis, Anatolian Metal IV, Beiheft 25, Bochum 2013, 257-266.
  • R. Bielfeldt, Das Macellum von Pompeiopolis: eine neue kleinasiatische Marktanlage mit oktogonaler Tholos , in: Lâtife Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 49-62.
  • J. Koch, Die Thermenanlage am Westfuß des Zımbıllı Tepe, in: L. Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 63-74.
  • G. Larguinat Turbatte, Les aménagements hydrauliques de la ville de Pompeiopolis: état des connaissances, in: L. Summerer, Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 121-132.
  • K. Müller, Der Großbau auf dem Stadthügel von Pompeiopolis, in: L. Summerer, Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 29-48.
  • J. Dalaison – F. Delrieux, Les monnaies trouvees a Pompeiopolis durant les campagnes de fouilles 2006-2009, in : : L. Summerer, Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 141-148.
  • D. Zhuravlev, Early Roman Fine Ware from Pompeiopolis, in: L. Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 149-162.

K. Domżalski, Late Roman Pottery from Pompeiopolis, in: L. Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 163-178.

  • Ch. Marek, Zur Epigraphik von Pompeiopolis: Eine Zwischenbilanz, in: Lâtife Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 189-193.
  • A. von Kienlin, Topographie und bauliche Entwicklung in Pompeiopolis, in: L. Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011, 215-230.
  • P. Johnson, How did the landscape of Pompeiopolis become Roman? in: K. Winther-Jacobson - L. Summerer, Landscape Dynamics and Settlement Patterns in northern Anatolia during the Roman and Byzantine Period (Stuttgart 2015) 61-82.
  • M. Ritter, The end of the later antiquity in Paphlagonia. Disurbanisation from a comparative perspective, in: K. Winther-Jacobson - L. Summerer, Landscape Dynamics and Settlement Patterns in northern Anatolia during the Roman and Byzantine Period (Stuttgart 2015)119-133.
  • L. Summerer, Pompeiopolis-Taşköprü. 2000 Years from Metropolis to County Town (Istanbul 2017).

J. Koch, Die Grabdenkmäler aus Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonien. Untersuchungen zur Typologie, Chronologie und Ikonographie der kaiserzeitlichen Sepulkralkust in Kleinasien. PhD Thesis 2018 University of Munich. L. Summerer, Revisiting Strabo 12.3.40: Along the Amnias Valley toward Pompeiopolis, Pimolisa and Sandracurgium, Geographia Antiqua 28 (2019), 113-125.

Pompeiopolis (talk) 20:35, 19 October 2020 (UTC)[reply]

 Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. I'm not going to dig into that paragraph and check each word to see if it's different. ◢  Ganbaruby!  (Say hi!) 01:42, 20 October 2020 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ Ch. Marek, Stadt, Ära und Territorium in Pontus-Bithynia und Nord-Galatia. Beiheft IstForsch (Tübingen 1993) 71
  2. ^ Dalaison 2010, 45-81; Marek 2011, 189-193.
  3. ^ E. Honigmann, Byzantion 14, 1939, 46 Nr. 105
  4. ^ K. Belke, Paphlagonien und Honōrias (= Tabula Imperii Byzantini 9 = Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. Denkschriften 249). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. (Vienna 1996) 261
  5. ^ for example Johannes Malalas, Chronographia, 18, 19 (6. Jh)
  6. ^ https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Amnias
  7. ^ Summerer 2019, 113-125.
  8. ^ Summerer 2019, 113-125. Cf. C. Yakupoğlu, Çobanoğulları ve Candaroğulları zamanında Kastamonu, in: B. Küçüksiphaioğlu (ed.), Anadolu’nun fethinden milli mücadeleye kadar kadar Kastamonu (Kastamonu 2018) 63
  9. ^ P. Fourcade, Mémoire sur Pompeiopolis ou Tash-Kouprou, Annales des voyages de la géographie et de l´histoire ou collection, Paris 1811, 30-58.
  10. ^ Annual excavation reports published in KST by Lâtife Summerer (2006-2016): https://kvmgm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-238493/kazi-sonuclari-toplantisi-02---35.html
  11. ^ No reports were published on these activities. According to local newspapers, the focus of the activities is on the touristic development of the site
  12. ^ Fassbinder 17-28; Koch 2011, 63-74; Larguinat Turbatte 2011, 212-132; Müller 2011, 29-48
  13. ^ .
  14. ^ L. Summerer, Pompeiopolis (Papflagonya) 2016 kazı çalışmaları, in 39. KST 2017 (Ankara 2018) 221
  15. ^ <* L. Musso et al., L’edificio abitativo alle pendici orientali dello Zımbıllı Tepe, in: Lâtife Summerer (ed.), Pompeiopolis I: eine Zwischenbilanz aus der Metropole Paphlagoniens nach fünf Kampagnen (2006–2010). Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes, Bd 21. Langenweißbach: Beier and Beran, 2011 , 75-120.>
  16. ^ Summerer 2017.

Edit War

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Pompeiopolis and Toichobate, you have been edit warring. This is an editorial behavioural problem -- it doesn't matter which of you -- or both or neither -- has been factually 'right' or 'wrong'. Given that your edits have been controversial to one another, please:

  1. Apply WP:BRD (bold edit, revert, discuss).
  2. Only add material using reliable sources given due weight with an WP:INLINECITE. WP:SELFCITE may apply here depending on which sources you use.
  3. Do not add unsourced/uncited material.
  4. Add inline citations to existing uncited sentences.
  5. Make incremental changes to see what is controversial and non-controversial.
  6. Only revert material that is disputed (easier because of incremental changes). If something can be tweaked rather than reverted, do so.
  7. Always leave an edit summary indicating what your change is, and why it was necessary/useful. For minor non-controversial edits this can be brief.
  8. Do not use insults/invective.
  9. If there's a dispute, bring it to talk on this page (with sources to back up your position if it's a dispute on facts rather than style).
  10. Larger structural changes could be started -- again incrementally -- with the addition of sections. See Pompeii or Chichen Itza or Petra for ideas. Edit slowly in the controversial sections and more rapidly in the non-controversial ones.

~Hydronium~Hydroxide~(Talk)~ 00:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)[reply]

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