This is an archive of past discussions about Moro Rebellion . Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page .
To be digested later:
Ten Army posts were maintained on Mindanao and three in the Sulu Archipelago. Elements of more than a dozen infantry and six cavalry regiments saw field service in "Moroland" during the conflict. Troop strength in the region averaged just under 5,000 men.
Assuming an average two-year tour of duty, and allowing for extensions, some 20,000 U.S. troops served in Moro country during the 12 years of sporadic hostilities. (Troops were rotated then by unit and not as individuals.)
from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0LIY/is_9_89/ai_87704451/pg_2
Hurley also has estimates for total number of Moro warriors, IIRC. crazyeddie 19:58, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
"Between 1903 and 1905, American soldiers killed more than 3,000 Muslims in Mindanao." [1] crazyeddie 06:36, 7 July 2006 (UTC)
Found reference to a series of three battle on Jolo, May 1905, including a battle at Utig. Haven't found references elsewhere. crazyeddie 20:27, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
Need to come up with a name for the campaign against him - it definitely qualifies for an article by itself. Suggestions? crazyeddie 20:27, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
It says the Americans attacked a Moro cotta. It doesnt say what a cotta is and the link just takes you to a disambiguation page of stuff that cant possibly be what they are talking about in the article such as surnames and garmets. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.145.62.106 (talk ) 19:52, 29 March 2010 (UTC)
Bud Dajo massacre
http://books.google.com/books?id=bQGiz2AUXQAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://www.morolandhistory.com/Home%20Page/Home%20Page%20content.htm
http://louisdimarco.com/Occupations/reviewFultonMoroland.pdf
http://books.google.com/books?id=S1Q5OYAPccoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=4EMIwfP-5x8C&pg=PA110&dq=kris+bayonet+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_mBgUoytK8XB4AOK14GYBQ&ved=0CEcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=kris%20bayonet%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=5Y6hC0s4URYC&pg=PA307&dq=kris+bayonet+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_mBgUoytK8XB4AOK14GYBQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=kris%20bayonet%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=wDQ5RfVzUFAC&pg=PA195&dq=kris+bayonet+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UWFgUvaMIfXd4AOq3YE4&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=kris%20bayonet%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=4Oiz8_NjGQIC&pg=PA25&dq=kris+bayonet+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UWFgUvaMIfXd4AOq3YE4&ved=0CGgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=kris%20bayonet%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=aNfrnkW2AF4C&pg=RA1-PT43&dq=kris+bayonet+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xmFgUubPKdPl4AO3i4HoBw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=kris%20bayonet%20moro&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=XPYLpblZqD0C&pg=PA312&dq=Moro+japanese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=npXUUKXEIquI0QHip4GoBA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=litYzL0GYSkC&pg=PA100&dq=Moro+japanese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=npXUUKXEIquI0QHip4GoBA&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=DpLao83FZnUC&pg=PA22&dq=Moro+japanese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=npXUUKXEIquI0QHip4GoBA&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=h6QJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA760&dq=Moro+japanese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=npXUUKXEIquI0QHip4GoBA&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=L9EsAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA311#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=W5gV6wSJL4MC&pg=PA112&dq=Moro+japanese&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R5XUUO3tOObq0AGJnYDIAg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=ZgWnN4hyjoQC&pg=PA269#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=ZgWnN4hyjoQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Habier+Malik&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eF4XVPjrCbOBsQTO8IKQDw&ved=0CBsQ6AEwADgU#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=VbwogbQ3l8UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Habier+Malik&hl=en&sa=X&ei=x10XVMDUBfaJsQS_w4CgBg&ved=0CEIQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q&f=false
Barong
http://books.google.com/books?id=GBWye7c8NuYC&pg=PA217&dq=Moro+japanese+barong&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZKfUUO-ZH86E0QHctoDABA&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese%20barong&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=7vz87qlqvNAC&pg=PA26&dq=Moro+japanese+barong&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZKfUUO-ZH86E0QHctoDABA&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese%20barong&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=9NoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58&dq=Moro+japanese+barong&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZKfUUO-ZH86E0QHctoDABA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese%20barong&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=XPYLpblZqD0C&pg=PA79&dq=Moro+japanese+barong&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZKfUUO-ZH86E0QHctoDABA&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese%20barong&f=false
Bolo
http://books.google.com/books?id=Mw-x-nUmUMYC&pg=PA51&dq=Moro+japanese+bolo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qq3UUN_tDajp0QGZ6ICwCQ&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese%20bolo&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=S1O55jiCZA8C&pg=PA54&dq=Moro+japanese+bolo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qq3UUN_tDajp0QGZ6ICwCQ&ved=0CGoQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese%20bolo&f=false
Kris
http://books.google.com/books?id=5Y6hC0s4URYC&pg=PA468&dq=Moro+japanese+kris&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RLDUUI2AGOrz0gHdpIGQDg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Moro%20japanese%20kris&f=false
Paying off the sultan
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bNFTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wzgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6617,3267258&hl=en
http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/ajc_historic/access/548813502.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+22%2C+1900&author=&pub=The+Atlanta+Constitution+(1881-2001)&desc=THE+SULTAN+OF+SULU&pqatl=google
Reinforcements requested
http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11F73D5B11738DDDAF0994DF405B808CF1D3
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uphWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nUENAAAAIBAJ&pg=3289,1486512&hl=en
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BZVPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jFEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4899,3372971&hl=en
http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/ajc_historic/access/548801812.html?dids=548801812:548801812&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+16%2C+1900&author=&pub=The+Atlanta+Constitution&desc=ONE+HUNDRED+THOUSAND+AMERICARS+NECESSARY+TO+CONQUER+FILIPINOS&pqatl=google
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9pkEAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bzADAAAAIBAJ&pg=3860,842652hl=en
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FJsjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_DADAAAAIBAJ&pg=2348,6674533&hl=en
http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=abNcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uVgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1652,1688984&hl=en
http://mnlfnet.com/Articles/BYC_19May2013_America%20Condemn-Part%20I.htm
http://mnlfnet.com/Articles/BYC_23May2013_America%20Condemn-Part%20II.htm
http://mnlfnet.com/Articles/BYC_25May2013_America%20Condemn-Part%20III.htm
http://mnlfnet.com/Articles/BYC_14July2013_America%20Condemn-Part%20IV.htm
http://mnlfnet.com/Articles/BYC_29July2012_Reclaiming%20Bangsamoro%20Humanity%20from%20Foreign%20Colonizers.htm
http://mnlfnet.com/Articles/BYC_09Nov2012_Why%20Bangsamoro,Not%20Filipino.htm
Annual report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902 to July 26, 1903 (1903)
https://archive.org/details/annualreportofma03unit
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22815?msg=welcome_stranger
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22815/22815-h/22815-h.htm#d0e20496
Pershing's autobiography
http://books.google.com/books?id=a74_JIbehzsC&pg=PA553&dq=1936+1941+Lanao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PsJCU7TZDsKU0AHI_4CABQ&ved=0CFkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=1936%201941%20Lanao&f=false
Juramentado
http://books.google.com/books?id=rcUb3x5bBQ4C&pg=PA214#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=XPYLpblZqD0C&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2479&dat=20031205&id=xkRaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZSUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1408,23019993
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802183,00.html
Rajmaan (talk ) 05:23, 20 April 2014 (UTC)
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1574278/Moro-Wars
http://hdn.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2005_PHDR/Chapter%202%20Evolution%20of%20the%20Armed%20Confict%20on%20the%20Moro%20Front.pdf
http://www.amazon.com/The-Moro-War-Insurgency-Philippine/dp/1608190242
http://web.archive.org/web/20021125133727/http://www.militaryhistory.about.com/library/prm/blfiercemorowarriors1.htm
https://books.google.com/books?id=9s9OAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA690#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=EjdFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1137#v=onepage&q&f=false
https://books.google.com/books?id=uNBNAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA415#v=onepage&q&f=false
Bates Treaty
http://www.morolandhistory.com/07.PG-Bates%20Mission/Bates_mission_Agreement_1899.htm
http://www.philippineupdate.com/Bates.htm
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50F11FA3B5913738DDDAC0994DB405B848CF1D3
http://www.iiipeace.org/Philippines%20Causes%20of%20Conflict%20between%20Christians%20and%20Muslims.htm
False American propaganda to justify the war.
http://books.google.com/books?id=0HpQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA573#v=onepage&q&f=false
— Preceding unsigned comment added by Rajmaan (talk • contribs ) 02:01, February 18, 2014
The Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II , after being approached by American minister to Turkey, Oscar Straus (politician) , sent a letter to the Moros of the Sulu Sultanate telling them not to resist American takeover and cooperate with the Americans. The Sulu Moros complied with the order.
http://books.google.com/books?id=PvVlS3ljx20C&pg=PA235&dq=Pleased+sultan+Philippines+khalif+Sulu+chiefs+understanding&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sGYZU4-EC-vC0AGgmYGgDg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Pleased%20sultan%20Philippines%20khalif%20Sulu%20chiefs%20understanding&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=PvVlS3ljx20C&pg=PA235&dq=Straus+Sulu+Ottoman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmQZU8hTpvDRAebrgJgM&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Straus%20Sulu%20Ottoman&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA397&dq=Straus+Sulu+Ottoman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmQZU8hTpvDRAebrgJgM&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Straus%20Sulu%20Ottoman&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=zOLE6zY-AewC&pg=PA22&dq=Straus+Sulu+Ottoman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmQZU8hTpvDRAebrgJgM&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Straus%20Sulu%20Ottoman&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=2mRXt7NtFhEC&pg=PA159&dq=Straus+Sulu+Ottoman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmQZU8hTpvDRAebrgJgM&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Straus%20Sulu%20Ottoman&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=pc5FAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA204&dq=Straus+Sulu+Ottoman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmQZU8hTpvDRAebrgJgM&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Straus%20Sulu%20Ottoman&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=hwdPWJMbZCQC&pg=PA358&dq=Straus+Sulu+Ottoman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmQZU8hTpvDRAebrgJgM&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Straus%20Sulu%20Ottoman&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=e9vfAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA358&dq=Straus+Sulu+Ottoman&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cmQZU8hTpvDRAebrgJgM&ved=0CF8Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Straus%20Sulu%20Ottoman&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=vDzjkrTDKjYC&pg=PA405#v=onepage&q&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=vDzjkrTDKjYC&pg=PA406&dq=Abdulhamid+issued+decree+people+territory+support+America+Muslim+accepted&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2GYZU6m3IonU0QHHmoCQAw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Abdulhamid%20issued%20decree%20people%20territory%20support%20America%20Muslim%20accepted&f=false
Rajmaan (talk ) 20:05, 7 March 2014 (UTC)
Moros continued to rebel against the Americans right up to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines , after which they turned their guns and knives against the Japanese invaders. Talk:Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines#Moro_resistance_on_Mindanao_and_Borneo
http://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA232&dq=1936+1941+Lanao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PsJCU7TZDsKU0AHI_4CABQ&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=1936%201941%20Lanao&f=false
Page 513
http://books.google.com/books?id=8PwxAQAAIAAJ&q=period+between+1936+and+1941+during+which+the+Lanao+Muslims+desperately+and+unsuccessfully+resisted+the+government.&dq=period+between+1936+and+1941+during+which+the+Lanao+Muslims+desperately+and+unsuccessfully+resisted+the+government.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FGtDU7W0OuKQyQHh8YCABQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
Page 145
http://books.google.com/books?id=s3ZwAAAAMAAJ&q=notes+Tan,+%22were+the+Kutah+(cotta)+fights+between+1936+and+1941+during+which+the+Lanao+Muslims+desperately+and+unsuccessfully+resisted+the+government.%2222+By+1938,+only+about+200+small+cottas+remained+to+be+destroyed.23+Over+in+Sulu,&dq=notes+Tan,+%22were+the+Kutah+(cotta)+fights+between+1936+and+1941+during+which+the+Lanao+Muslims+desperately+and+unsuccessfully+resisted+the+government.%2222+By+1938,+only+about+200+small+cottas+remained+to+be+destroyed.23+Over+in+Sulu,&hl=en&sa=X&ei=o2tDU8qFH6KQyAHayYHABw&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=s3ZwAAAAMAAJ&q=22+By+1938,+only+about+200+small+cottas+remained+to+be+destroyed.23+Over+in+Sulu,+the+Tausogs+of+Talipao+rebelled+in+1937+over+the+issue+of+compulsory+military+training+and+revival+of+cases+against+pardoned+Muslim+convicts.24+In+March+1940+...&dq=22+By+1938,+only+about+200+small+cottas+remained+to+be+destroyed.23+Over+in+Sulu,+the+Tausogs+of+Talipao+rebelled+in+1937+over+the+issue+of+compulsory+military+training+and+revival+of+cases+against+pardoned+Muslim+convicts.24+In+March+1940+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fmtDU9vYNZO4yAGu2ICwDA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=s3ZwAAAAMAAJ&q=and+Ragat+(Pantao+Ragat?)+marred+the+period.20+The+general+uprising+was+fomented+by+the+%22Constabulary+practice+of+false+arrest+and+the+imposition+of+a+fine+of+P50+on+parents+whose+children+were+not+in+school.%2221+%22The+bloodiest+conflicts&dq=and+Ragat+(Pantao+Ragat?)+marred+the+period.20+The+general+uprising+was+fomented+by+the+%22Constabulary+practice+of+false+arrest+and+the+imposition+of+a+fine+of+P50+on+parents+whose+children+were+not+in+school.%2221+%22The+bloodiest+conflicts&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ymtDU_yNBdOkyAGo-wE&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA
http://nointervention.com/archive/pubs/CWIS/imnr.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20070203183239/http://www.cwis.org/fwj/21/imnr.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=He3IAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&dq=kris+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=51FgUvDrMMLA4APwtoCoDA&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=kris%20japanese%20moro&f=false
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802183,00.html
http://books.google.com/books?id=OamLr-D0T34C&pg=PA138&dq=kris+japanese+moro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_F1gUsfSMvXd4AOq3YE4&ved=0CDsQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=kris%20japanese%20moro&f=false
Rajmaan (talk ) 00:59, 17 May 2014 (UTC)
Page 25
http://books.google.com/books?id=mX8YAQAAIAAJ&q=agusan+1924+revolt&dq=agusan+1924+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0mNDU6e-B8OZ2QW41IGgAg&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAw
http://books.google.com/books?id=mX8YAQAAIAAJ&q=cotabato+1923+revolt&dq=cotabato+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rWVDU8uHBeOYyAGh7oDIBg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ
http://books.google.com/books?id=mX8YAQAAIAAJ&q=There+was+the+revolt+of+the+Maranaos+in+1923;+the+revolt+in+Parang,+Cotabato+under+the+leadership+of+Datu+Santiago+in+1923-1924:+and+the+uprising+in+Sulu+under+Datu+Tahil+in+1927.+The+Neo-colonlal+Republic+When+the+Americans+gave+the&dq=There+was+the+revolt+of+the+Maranaos+in+1923;+the+revolt+in+Parang,+Cotabato+under+the+leadership+of+Datu+Santiago+in+1923-1924:+and+the+uprising+in+Sulu+under+Datu+Tahil+in+1927.+The+Neo-colonlal+Republic+When+the+Americans+gave+the&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mGhDU4KGKoi92wWhu4GACQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA227&dq=lanao+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DmRDU_veEu66yAH24IGgCQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=lanao%201923%20revolt&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA227&dq=Old+animosities+between+Christians+and+Muslims+broke+out+anew,+particularly+in+Lanao.+In+1921,+there+were+armed+clashes+in+Lanao+because+of+laws+concerning+compulsory+education+in+government+schools.+In+1923,+there+was+an+uprising+of&hl=en&sa=X&ei=g2lDU6i1DoWQ2AXB0YH4CA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Old%20animosities%20between%20Christians%20and%20Muslims%20broke%20out%20anew%2C%20particularly%20in%20Lanao.%20In%201921%2C%20there%20were%20armed%20clashes%20in%20Lanao%20because%20of%20laws%20concerning%20compulsory%20education%20in%20government%20schools.%20In%201923%2C%20there%20was%20an%20uprising%20of&f=false
Page 143
http://books.google.com/books?id=vnNyAAAAMAAJ&q=lanao+1923+revolt&dq=lanao+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DmRDU_veEu66yAH24IGgCQ&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ
http://books.google.com/books?id=vnNyAAAAMAAJ&q=cotabato+1923+revolt&dq=cotabato+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rWVDU8uHBeOYyAGh7oDIBg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg
http://books.google.com/books?id=vnNyAAAAMAAJ&q=1906!+This+apparent+testimony+to+Sheridan's+prophetic+qualities+is+repeated+from+Dr.+Tan's+dissertation.+In+at+least+two+places,+listing+of+Sulu+and+Lanao+%22anti-+American%22+disturbances+(22)+and+Datu+Santiago's+1923+revolt+in+Parang,+Cotabato+...&dq=1906!+This+apparent+testimony+to+Sheridan's+prophetic+qualities+is+repeated+from+Dr.+Tan's+dissertation.+In+at+least+two+places,+listing+of+Sulu+and+Lanao+%22anti-+American%22+disturbances+(22)+and+Datu+Santiago's+1923+revolt+in+Parang,+Cotabato+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=p2lDU5f_KIOY2QXunoHwCw&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
Page 195
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http://books.google.com/books?id=5olmAAAAMAAJ&q=A+parallel+case+was+that+of+Datu+Santiago+of+Parang,+Cotabato,+who+was+an+avid+supporter+of+Governor+Leonard+Wood+until+1923+when+he+led+a+revolt+against+the+imposition+of+the+head+tax+(interestingly,+a+late+response,+as+the+head+tax+had+...&dq=A+parallel+case+was+that+of+Datu+Santiago+of+Parang,+Cotabato,+who+was+an+avid+supporter+of+Governor+Leonard+Wood+until+1923+when+he+led+a+revolt+against+the+imposition+of+the+head+tax+(interestingly,+a+late+response,+as+the+head+tax+had+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pG9DU_yDA8jc2QX5koHYDA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
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http://books.google.com/books?id=jUkZAAAAIAAJ&q=Maranao+Moros+in+Tugaya,+Lanao,+for+example,+raised+the+banner+of+revolt+in+1923+over+the+collection+of+taxes,+compulsory+education+and+exactions+for+road+construction.+Government+troops+killed+the+leader+and+54+of+his+followers+in+putting+...&dq=Maranao+Moros+in+Tugaya,+Lanao,+for+example,+raised+the+banner+of+revolt+in+1923+over+the+collection+of+taxes,+compulsory+education+and+exactions+for+road+construction.+Government+troops+killed+the+leader+and+54+of+his+followers+in+putting+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2WlDU7rRF8qv2QWoqYCoDg&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=jUkZAAAAIAAJ&q=cotabato+1923+revolt&dq=cotabato+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rWVDU8uHBeOYyAGh7oDIBg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw
http://books.google.com/books?id=jUkZAAAAIAAJ&q=Government+troops+killed+the+leader+and+54+of+his+followers+in+putting+down+the+revolt.+Some+of+the+same+dynamics+were+behind+the+year-long+trouble+which+broke+out+around+Parang,+Cotabato,+in+1923-24.+Led+by+Datu+Santiago,+and+aided+by+...&dq=Government+troops+killed+the+leader+and+54+of+his+followers+in+putting+down+the+revolt.+Some+of+the+same+dynamics+were+behind+the+year-long+trouble+which+broke+out+around+Parang,+Cotabato,+in+1923-24.+Led+by+Datu+Santiago,+and+aided+by+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EG9DU9mBPcTC2wWk1oDgCw&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
Page 8
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http://books.google.com/books?id=lBhjAAAAMAAJ&q=cotabato+1923+revolt&dq=cotabato+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oG9DU_LvLeGE2wXC7IGwBA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAzgK
http://books.google.com/books?id=lBhjAAAAMAAJ&q=In+1923,+for+example,+the+residents+of+Tugaya,+Lanao,+raised+the+banner+of+revolt+partly+over+the+matter+of+compulsory+education.+In+1926-27,+no+less+than+47+public+school+buildings+were+burned+in+the+Province+of+Lanao+alone.+Mainly+because+...&dq=In+1923,+for+example,+the+residents+of+Tugaya,+Lanao,+raised+the+banner+of+revolt+partly+over+the+matter+of+compulsory+education.+In+1926-27,+no+less+than+47+public+school+buildings+were+burned+in+the+Province+of+Lanao+alone.+Mainly+because+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BGpDU6C2OuWD2gWDhoDQBQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA
Page 513
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http://books.google.com/books?id=8PwxAQAAIAAJ&q=(1921)+;+The+Tugaya+and+Ganassi+Troubles+(1923)+and+Pandak+movement+(1924)+to+defy+the+imposition+of+American+control+and+laws+on+the+Muslims.+For+same+reason,+the+Tausogs+of+Sulu+engaged+the+Americans+in+the+Libut+Incident+(1901)++...&dq=(1921)+;+The+Tugaya+and+Ganassi+Troubles+(1923)+and+Pandak+movement+(1924)+to+defy+the+imposition+of+American+control+and+laws+on+the+Muslims.+For+same+reason,+the+Tausogs+of+Sulu+engaged+the+Americans+in+the+Libut+Incident+(1901)++...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=w2pDU6mrOeqC2wXSuYEI&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=8PwxAQAAIAAJ&q=For+same+reason,+the+Tausogs+of+Sulu+engaged+the+Americans+in+the+Libut+Incident+(1901)+;+Tagbili+Encounter+(1903)+;+Hassan+Uprising+(1903-1904)+;+Usap+Rebellion+(1904)+;+Pala+Upr+rising+(1904-1905)+;+Bud+Dajo+(1906)+and+Bud+Bagsak+(1913)+bac%5E+ties;+Sanda+Uprising+(1919)+and+Untong+Revolt+in+1920.+During:+the+same+period+the+Maguindanaos+of+Cotabato+defied+the+Americans+in+the+Ali+Rebellion+(1903-1904).+Alamada+Resistance+(1913)+;+Am-+bang+Threat+(+1917)+and+...&dq=For+same+reason,+the+Tausogs+of+Sulu+engaged+the+Americans+in+the+Libut+Incident+(1901)+;+Tagbili+Encounter+(1903)+;+Hassan+Uprising+(1903-1904)+;+Usap+Rebellion+(1904)+;+Pala+Upr+rising+(1904-1905)+;+Bud+Dajo+(1906)+and+Bud+Bagsak+(1913)+bac%5E+ties;+Sanda+Uprising+(1919)+and+Untong+Revolt+in+1920.+During:+the+same+period+the+Maguindanaos+of+Cotabato+defied+the+Americans+in+the+Ali+Rebellion+(1903-1904).+Alamada+Resistance+(1913)+;+Am-+bang+Threat+(+1917)+and+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5mpDU6PCNYXy2gW5z4HADw&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
Page 632
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http://books.google.com/books?id=NkQvAAAAMAAJ&q=A+new+trial+freed+Nunag.+The+Filipinos,+emboldened+by+this+proof+of+the+strength+of+their+politicians,+brought+the+Moros+a+step+nearer+revolt.+MOROS+RISE+AGAINST+OPPRESSORS+ The+Moros+came+to+the+breaking+point+now+that+they+believed+...&dq=A+new+trial+freed+Nunag.+The+Filipinos,+emboldened+by+this+proof+of+the+strength+of+their+politicians,+brought+the+Moros+a+step+nearer+revolt.+MOROS+RISE+AGAINST+OPPRESSORS+ The+Moros+came+to+the+breaking+point+now+that+they+believed+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PGxDU5jtK5Dq2wXM_ID4BA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=NkQvAAAAMAAJ&q=A+constabulary+lieutenant+and+a+Filipino+teacher,+with+11+other+oppressors,+were+killed+in+the+fall+of+1923+by+a+Moro+band+headed+by+Datu+Santiago,+who+was+held+in+respect+by+the+American+authorities.+LINED+UP+AND+SHOT+%22Santiago+had+...&dq=A+constabulary+lieutenant+and+a+Filipino+teacher,+with+11+other+oppressors,+were+killed+in+the+fall+of+1923+by+a+Moro+band+headed+by+Datu+Santiago,+who+was+held+in+respect+by+the+American+authorities.+LINED+UP+AND+SHOT+%22Santiago+had+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=omxDU5evKYft2wXwyoBQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=NkQvAAAAMAAJ&q=Politicians+in+Manila+clamored+for+revenge.+Governor+Guttierrez,+Filipino+chief+executive+at+Cotabato,+telegraphed+for+12+companies+of+constabulary+to+start+a+wholesale+campaign.+Governor+General+Wood+ordered+the+Filipino+bureau+chiefs+to+...&dq=Politicians+in+Manila+clamored+for+revenge.+Governor+Guttierrez,+Filipino+chief+executive+at+Cotabato,+telegraphed+for+12+companies+of+constabulary+to+start+a+wholesale+campaign.+Governor+General+Wood+ordered+the+Filipino+bureau+chiefs+to+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AnBDU7WWN6iX2QWMvoHwBA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=ig8WAAAAIAAJ&q=lanao+1923+revolt&dq=lanao+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3mtDU-_XJ6K8yAGu_4HQAw&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBzgK
http://books.google.com/books?id=ig8WAAAAIAAJ&q=The+Filipino+secretary+of+justice+transferred+the+judge+who+had+sentenced+Nunag+and+replaced+him+with+a+pliant+jurist.+A+new+trial+freed+Nunag.+The+Filipinos,+emboldened+by+this+proof+of+the+strength+of+their+politicians,+brought+the+Moros+a+step+nearer+revolt.+MOKOS+RISE+AGAINST+OPPRESSORS+%22The+Moros+came+to+the+breaking+point+now+that+thev+believed+they+had+been+abandoned+by+the+Americans.&dq=The+Filipino+secretary+of+justice+transferred+the+judge+who+had+sentenced+Nunag+and+replaced+him+with+a+pliant+jurist.+A+new+trial+freed+Nunag.+The+Filipinos,+emboldened+by+this+proof+of+the+strength+of+their+politicians,+brought+the+Moros+a+step+nearer+revolt.+MOKOS+RISE+AGAINST+OPPRESSORS+%22The+Moros+came+to+the+breaking+point+now+that+thev+believed+they+had+been+abandoned+by+the+Americans.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UmxDU6GNLqTr2QXkoIGwCA&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=ig8WAAAAIAAJ&q=A+constabulary+lieutenant+and+a+Filipino+teacher,+with+11+other+oppressors,+were+killed+in+the+fall+of+1923+by+a+Moro+band+headed+by+Datu+Santiago,+who+was+held+in+respect+by+the+American+authorities.+LINED+UP+AND+SHOT+%22Santiago+had+...&dq=A+constabulary+lieutenant+and+a+Filipino+teacher,+with+11+other+oppressors,+were+killed+in+the+fall+of+1923+by+a+Moro+band+headed+by+Datu+Santiago,+who+was+held+in+respect+by+the+American+authorities.+LINED+UP+AND+SHOT+%22Santiago+had+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=p2xDU4jEG4Xd2QWq1IFY&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ
http://books.google.com/books?id=ig8WAAAAIAAJ&q=Politicians+in+Manila+clamored+for+revenge.+Governor+Guttierrez,+Filipino+chief+executive+at+Cotabato,+telegraphed+for+12+companies+of+constabulary+to+start+a+wholesale+campaign.+Governor+General+Wood+ordered+the+Filipino+bureau+chiefs+to+...&dq=Politicians+in+Manila+clamored+for+revenge.+Governor+Guttierrez,+Filipino+chief+executive+at+Cotabato,+telegraphed+for+12+companies+of+constabulary+to+start+a+wholesale+campaign.+Governor+General+Wood+ordered+the+Filipino+bureau+chiefs+to+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AnBDU7WWN6iX2QWMvoHwBA&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ
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http://books.google.com/books?id=9rhBAAAAYAAJ&q=unsuccessful,+to+liquidate+him+and+his+followers.+In+1923,+Datu+Santiago+rose+up+against+the+government+because+of+abuses+committed+by+school+authorities+who+forced+them,+under+constabulary+guards+and+threat,+to+repair+school+buildings+...&dq=unsuccessful,+to+liquidate+him+and+his+followers.+In+1923,+Datu+Santiago+rose+up+against+the+government+because+of+abuses+committed+by+school+authorities+who+forced+them,+under+constabulary+guards+and+threat,+to+repair+school+buildings+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fnBDU7WYD6mMyQGNvYDgCw&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=9rhBAAAAYAAJ&q=His+reaction,+marked+by+bloody+clashes+with+government+troops,+led+to+what+became+known+as+the+Alang%5Cat+Movement+which+included+Muslims.31+The+movement+started+in+the+heart+of+Mt.+Kitibud,+Northern+Cotabato+where+Mampuroc+established+some+kind+of+mountain+or+messianic+rituals+which+bound+devotees+to+the+cause.+In+Sulu,+disunity+in+Muslim+leadership+and+struggle+was+portrayed+in+political+disputes+and+intrigues.+Datu+Tahil,+an+escapee+of+the+1913+Bud+Bagsak+encounter+...&dq=His+reaction,+marked+by+bloody+clashes+with+government+troops,+led+to+what+became+known+as+the+Alang%5Cat+Movement+which+included+Muslims.31+The+movement+started+in+the+heart+of+Mt.+Kitibud,+Northern+Cotabato+where+Mampuroc+established+some+kind+of+mountain+or+messianic+rituals+which+bound+devotees+to+the+cause.+In+Sulu,+disunity+in+Muslim+leadership+and+struggle+was+portrayed+in+political+disputes+and+intrigues.+Datu+Tahil,+an+escapee+of+the+1913+Bud+Bagsak+encounter+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rHFDU4ajAaqU2AXB84H4Dw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=9rhBAAAAYAAJ&q=Datu+Tahil+an+escapee+of+the+1913+Bud+Bagsak+encounter+and+husband+of+Princess+Tarhata,+revolted+against+the+government+because+of+political+grievances+and+economic+problems.32+In+the+early+thirties+the+Sultan+was+opposed+by+a+...&dq=Datu+Tahil+an+escapee+of+the+1913+Bud+Bagsak+encounter+and+husband+of+Princess+Tarhata,+revolted+against+the+government+because+of+political+grievances+and+economic+problems.32+In+the+early+thirties+the+Sultan+was+opposed+by+a+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_nFDU6jLJ5OA2AWoyIHoBw&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA
Page 67
http://books.google.com/books?id=8wIfAAAAMAAJ&q=His+reaction,+marked+by+bloody+clashes+with+government+troops,+led+to+what+known+as+the+Alangkat+Movement+which+included+Muslims.31+The+movement+started+in+the+heart+of+Mt.+Kitibud,+Northern+Cotabato+where+Mampuroc+established+some+kind+of+mountain+or+messianic+rituals+which+bound+devotees+to+the+cause.+In+Sulu,+67.&dq=His+reaction,+marked+by+bloody+clashes+with+government+troops,+led+to+what+known+as+the+Alangkat+Movement+which+included+Muslims.31+The+movement+started+in+the+heart+of+Mt.+Kitibud,+Northern+Cotabato+where+Mampuroc+established+some+kind+of+mountain+or+messianic+rituals+which+bound+devotees+to+the+cause.+In+Sulu,+67.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fHFDU_3sJfDo2gWum4CwAQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=8wIfAAAAMAAJ&q=Datu+Tahil+an+escapee+of+the+1913+Bud+Bagsak+encounter+and+husband+of+Princess+Tarhata,+revolted+against+the+government+because+of+political+grievances+and+economic+problems.32+In+the+early+thirties+the+Sultan+was+opposed+by+a+...&dq=Datu+Tahil+an+escapee+of+the+1913+Bud+Bagsak+encounter+and+husband+of+Princess+Tarhata,+revolted+against+the+government+because+of+political+grievances+and+economic+problems.32+In+the+early+thirties+the+Sultan+was+opposed+by+a+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_nFDU6jLJ5OA2AWoyIHoBw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ
Page 14
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http://books.google.com/books?id=f8liAAAAMAAJ&q=of+their+own+children+(Van+Vactor,+1978:+13).+Occasionally+resistance+escalated+to+violence.+In+1923,+for+example,+the+residents+of+Tugayar+Lanao,+raised+the+banner+of+revolt+partly+over+the+matter+of+compulsory+education.+In+1926-27,+no+less+...&dq=of+their+own+children+(Van+Vactor,+1978:+13).+Occasionally+resistance+escalated+to+violence.+In+1923,+for+example,+the+residents+of+Tugayar+Lanao,+raised+the+banner+of+revolt+partly+over+the+matter+of+compulsory+education.+In+1926-27,+no+less+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3mxDU8vYAsTG2wXaw4AI&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA
Page 85
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http://books.google.com/books?id=B3RwAAAAMAAJ&q=In+1923,+armed+confrontation+exploded+in+Tugaya,+Lanao+when+a+group+of+Moros+revolted+against+forced+education+imposed+upon+their+children,+who+were+compelled+to+attend+American+schools,+which+they+suspected+to+be+an+instrument+of+...&dq=In+1923,+armed+confrontation+exploded+in+Tugaya,+Lanao+when+a+group+of+Moros+revolted+against+forced+education+imposed+upon+their+children,+who+were+compelled+to+attend+American+schools,+which+they+suspected+to+be+an+instrument+of+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=F21DU4fjLYnu2QX6uIHgDA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA
http://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA227&dq=cotabato+1923+revolt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rWVDU8uHBeOYyAGh7oDIBg&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cotabato%201923%20revolt&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA227&dq=In+1921,+there+were+armed+clashes+in+Lanao+because+of+laws+concerning+compulsory+education+in+government+schools.+In+1923,+there+was+an+uprising+of+Muslims+in+Maranao+who+refused+to+pay+taxes+or+special+levies+for+building+construction&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XW5DU6upDYabygHcvIBA&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=In%201921%2C%20there%20were%20armed%20clashes%20in%20Lanao%20because%20of%20laws%20concerning%20compulsory%20education%20in%20government%20schools.%20In%201923%2C%20there%20was%20an%20uprising%20of%20Muslims%20in%20Maranao%20who%20refused%20to%20pay%20taxes%20or%20special%20levies%20for%20building%20construction&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC&pg=PA227&dq=That+same+year+saw+clashes+between+the+police+and+Moro+in+Cotabato+in+which+some+one+hundred+Muslims+were+killed+and+their&hl=en&sa=X&ei=bm5DU5WgMMSwyQGY9ICYAg&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=That%20same%20year%20saw%20clashes%20between%20the%20police%20and%20Moro%20in%20Cotabato%20in%20which%20some%20one%20hundred%20Muslims%20were%20killed%20and%20their&f=false
American policies on education
http://books.google.com/books?id=He3IAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA74&dq=1936+1941+Lanao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PsJCU7TZDsKU0AHI_4CABQ&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=1936%201941%20Lanao&f=false
http://books.google.com/books?id=IWdZTaJdc6UC&pg=PA319&dq=1936+1941+Lanao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PsJCU7TZDsKU0AHI_4CABQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=1936%201941%20Lanao&f=false
Rajmaan (talk ) 04:06, 8 April 2014 (UTC)
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This section is virtually indecipherable, with numerous repeated entries, and sourcing which is unclear. It needs to be totally re-written by someone with a good understanding of the subject. Beyond My Ken (talk ) 00:31, 19 August 2017 (UTC)
Further rebellions
Until World War II, rebellions by the Moros against American rule persisted long after 1914, and then the Moros then proceeded to fight against the Japanese invaders . Violence between the occupying forces and Moro Maranao broke out from 1921-1928. It was written that twenty five years of guerilla fighting have not solved the Moro Problem. in The New Republic in 1931.[ 1] Troops with weapons had to guard the American school superintendent in certain Lanao districts.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
Dates, leaders, and locations of armed insurrections: 1927, Datu Tahil, in Sulu, in 1923-1924, Datu Santiago, in Cotabato's Parang region, in 1923, Maranao insurrection.[ 7] A ten-year jail term was handed out to Dato Tahil after the battle on January 31, 1927 between him and government forces at his cotta, over weapons control and taxes, a certain Imam Mahdi started a 1924 revolt, in Palawan, a cleric led a revolt in June 1923, while Moros angered by anti-truancy laws and taxes in Palawan rose up in May 1923, Dato Santiago led an uprising in Cotabato in 1923 and anti-truancy laws and taxes led to Maranaos revolting in 1923, and anti-truancy laws in Lanao caused violence in 1921.[ 8] Cotabato, Parang, was the scene of an uprising in 1923 by Datu Santiago and uprisings against the Americans broke out in Lanao and Sulu.[ 9] The head tax in 1923 by Leonard Wood, the Governor, led to the Parang Cotabato insurrection led by Datu Santiago.[ 10] The Mroos said Once our religion is no more, our lives are no more. Datu Santiago's 1923-1924 Parang Cotabato insurrection lasted for one year, which occurred after the death of 55 rebels when anti-truancy laws and taxes led to a 1923 uprising in Tugaya, Lanao, among Moro Maranao.[ 11] Mandatory schooling was the cause of the uprising in Tugaya, Lanao in 1923. In Lanao the people torched 47 schools throughout 1926-1927.[ 12] [ 13] Sulu's pearl beds were seen as its own people's patrimony and when they were infringed upon, Jikiri rose up in violence. It was believed that Christianity was being taught in public schools run by Americans so when it became mandatory for children to attend them, an uprising broke out among the Moros of Tugaya in Lanao in 1923.[ 14]
The issue of schooling and taxes led to multiple uprisings by Moro Muslims in 1923, 1924, and 1927.[ 15] [ 16] The Christian staffed American run schools which were opened were largely spurned and rejected by the Muslims.[ 17] One of the educational superintendents in the region was J Scott McCormick.[ 18]
There were Muslim resistance against the Americans in 1924 in Pandak and in 1923 in Ganassi and Tugaya and in 1921.[ 19] [ 20] The 1936-1941 war in the kutah was the most sanguinary violence, coming after the 1927 Santiago war, 1917 war in Ambang, 1913 Alamada war, 1903-1904 Ali war, all in Cotabato by Maguindanaos, and the 19120 Untong war, the 1919 Sanda War, the 1913 Bud Bagsak war, the 1906 Bud Dajo war, the 1904-1905 Pala war, the 1904 Usap war, the 1903-1904 Hassan war, the 1903 Tagbili war, the 1901 Libut war in Sulu by the Tausogs.[ 21] Santiago led a group of Moros in 1923, autumn, to end the lives of 14 occupiers including a teacher and a lieutenant of the constabulary.[ 22] In 1927 in Kitibud Datu Mampuroc revolted, while involuntary labor and mistreatment by education officials led Datu Santiago to revolt in 1923.[ 23] Due to financial and administrative issues, an anti-government uprising was launched by Princess Tarhata's husband who survived Bud Bagsak in 1913, Datu Tahil in Sulu. The Mampuroc led uprising in Norther Cotabato's Mt. Kitibud involved Muslims in the ranks of the Alangkat Movement which fought against soldiers sent by the government due to the Manobo people forced to pay 20,000 pesos.[ 24] [ 25] [ 26]
Another war broke out between the Philippine Commonwealth in 1936-1941 with cotta at Lanao against the Moro Muslims.[ 27] [ 28] [ 29] The uprising was due to the swamping of Moro land in Mindanao with Filipino migrants by the government.[ 30] [ 31] The "Military Training Act" was also a trigger for the uprising. Killings were carried out by Moro juramentados in Jolo up to the days immediately prior to World War II.[ 32] The invading Japanese were then attacked by the Moro Muslims.[ 33] [ 34]
The 1941 book "Cross Winds of Empire" noted the uprising based around the cottas by the Moros was happening as it was written.[ 35]
An insurrection over revocation of Double jeopardy and implementation of conscription broke out in 1937 among the Talipao Tausugs in Sulu.[ 36] Anti-truancy measures against parents which included fines and arrest by the constabulary resulted in a major insurrection.[ 37]
Moro rebels have been engaged in an ongoing insurgency against the Philippine government since 1969 Moro Conflict
More recently, up to 600 Americans were engaged in combat duties advising Philippine forces against the Communist insurgency and various militant Islamist groups Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines . Operations ended in June 2014.
References
^ J. Milligan (31 July 2005). Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and Ethno-Religious Conflict in the Southern Philippines . Springer. pp. 80–. ISBN 978-1-4039-8157-8 .
^ B. R. Rodil (2003). A Story of Mindanao and Sulu in Question and Answer . Mincode. p. 84. ISBN 978-971-92895-0-0 .
^ Archibald Cary Coolidge; Hamilton Fish Armstrong (1927). Foreign Affairs . Council on Foreign Relations. p. 642.
^ "City of Waterfalls-Iligan City: 42. To what extent was popular colonial education successful?" .
^ https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/20411/1/M.A.CB5.H3_3461_r.pdf
^ http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9781403981578
^ The Diliman Review . College of Arts and Sciences of the University of the Philippines. 1982. p. 25.
^ Moshe Yegar (2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar . Lexington Books. pp. 227–. ISBN 978-0-7391-0356-2 .
^ Mindanao Journal . University Research Center, Mindanao State University. 1978. p. 143.
^ Alfred W. McCoy (2000). Lives at the Margin: Biography of Filipinos Obscure, Ordinary, and Heroic . ADMU Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-971-550-355-6 .
^ Silliman Journal . Silliman University. 1978. p. 115.
^ Ahmad Mohammad H. Hassoubah (1983). Teaching Arabic as a Second Language in the Southern Philippines . University Research Center, Mindanao State University. p. 8. ISBN 978-971-11-1020-8 .
^ Papers in Philippine Linguistics . University Research Center, Mindanao State University. 1981. p. 14.
^ Salah Jubair (1999). Bangsamoro, a Nation Under Endless Tyranny . IQ Marin. p. 85.
^ Moshe Yegar (2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar . Lexington Books. pp. 227–. ISBN 978-0-7391-0356-2 .
^ Salah Jubair (1999). Bangsamoro, a Nation Under Endless Tyranny . IQ Marin.
^ J. Milligan (31 July 2005). Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and Ethno-Religious Conflict in the Southern Philippines . Springer. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-1-4039-8157-8 .
^ David Shavit (1990). The United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary . Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 319–. ISBN 978-0-313-26788-8 .
^ Kadir Che Man (W.) (1990). Muslim Separatism: The Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand . Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-588924-6 .
^ Norodin Alonto Lucman (2000). Moro Archives: A History of Armed Conflicts in Mindanao and East Asia . FLC Press. p. 286.
^ Philippine Law Journal . University of the Philippines, College of Law. 1979. p. 513.
^ US Congress Committee on Territories and Insular Affairs (1930). Independence for the Philippine Islands: Hearings before the Committee on territories and insular affiars . U. S. Govt. print. off. p. 632.
^ Asian Studies . Philippine Center for Advanced Studies, University of the Philippines System. 1973. p. 119.
^ Asian Studies . Philippine Center for Advanced Studies, University of the Philippines System. 1973. p. 119.
^ Samuel K. Tan (1982). Selected Essays on the Filipino Muslims . University Research Center, Mindanao State University. p. 67. ISBN 978-971-0300-16-7 .
^ Samuel K. Tan (1982). Selected Essays on the Filipino Muslims . University Research Center, Mindanao State University. p. 68. ISBN 978-971-0300-16-7 .
^ Moshe Yegar (2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar . Lexington Books. pp. 232–. ISBN 978-0-7391-0356-2 .
^ Philippine Law Journal . University of the Philippines, College of Law. 1979. p. 513.
^ Nasser A. Marohomsalic (2001). Aristocrats of the Malay Race: A Historic of the Bangsa Moro in the Philippines . N.A. Marohomsalic. p. 145.
^ Rudis, Josh. "Igorot and moro National Reemergence: The Fabricated Philippine State" .
^ "Igorot and moro National Reemergence: The Fabricated Philippine State" . 3 February 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-02-03.
^ "TERRITORIES: Terror in Jolo" . 1 December 1941 – via content.time.com.
^ J. Milligan (31 July 2005). Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and Ethno-Religious Conflict in the Southern Philippines . Springer. pp. 81–. ISBN 978-1-4039-8157-8 .
^ Kemp Tolley (1973). Cruise of the Lanikai: Incitement to War . Naval Institute Press. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-1-55750-406-7 .
^ Woodbern Edwin Remington (1941). Cross Winds of Empire . John Day. p. 118.
^ Nasser A. Marohomsalic (2001). Aristocrats of the Malay Race: A Historic of the Bangsa Moro in the Philippines . N.A. Marohomsalic. p. 145.
^ Nasser A. Marohomsalic (2001). Aristocrats of the Malay Race: A Historic of the Bangsa Moro in the Philippines . N.A. Marohomsalic. p. 145.