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Load dump occurs only when the vehicle battery gets disconnected from the alternator. The load dump is caused by this disconnection. It is not the case that load dump a voltage surge that occurs otherwise also, and its effect is accentuated due to the absence of the battery.
Yes. It has nothing to do with the alternator! When the battery is supplying a large current such as during starting, electrochemical action increases to supply the current and maintain the voltage. When the load is suddenly removed, the electrochemical action cannot instantly stop because it has the enertia of ion flow. This causues the battery terminal voltage to increase until recombination withing the battery is complete. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.110.179.16 (talk) 20:27, 11 November 2015 (UTC)
The battery overrun is not as high a voltage event as the alternator overrun and is not considered a cause for possible electronic damage. During engine starting,the alternator is not yet producing enough power to contribute to the battery overrun. The alternator overrun has a big kick from the inductance of the stator windings and the delay of the regulator circuit to reduce the power produced.[reply]