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Confirmed suicides

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A

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B

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  • Albert Ballin (1918), German businessman, overdose of sleeping pills
  • Isobel Barnett (1980), British TV personality, electrocution
  • Don "Red" Barry (1980), American actor (Adventures of Red Ryder), gunshot
  • Gert Bastian (1992), German military officer and politician, gunshot
  • Dave Batters (2009), Canadian politician
  • Thomas McKee Bayne (1894), U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania, gunshot
  • Charles Eugène Bedaux (1944), French efficiency engineer charged with treason for collaboration with Vichy government
  • Thomas Lovell Beddoes (1849), English poet and dramatist, poisoning
  • Juan Belmonte (1962), Spanish bullfighter and matador, gunshot
  • Ota Benga (1916), Congolese pygmy put on "display" in United States, gunshot
  • John Berg (2007), American actor, carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Marty Bergen (1900), American Baseball player, slit his throat with razor after killing his wife and two children with an axe
  • Hans Berger (1941), German physician and inventor of electroencephalography, hanging
  • Ricky Berry (1989), American NBA player for the Sacramento Kings, gunshot
  • Kenny Blatchford (1933), Canadian politician, drowning
  • Barbara Blida (2007), Polish politician, gunshot
  • Tadeusz Borowski (1951), Polish writer and concentration camp survivor, asphyxiation
  • Patrick Bourque (2007), Canadian bass guitarist (Emerson Drive)
  • Barry Brown (1978), American actor and writer, gunshot
  • Oskar Brüsewitz (1976), East German cleric, committed self-immolation in protest of East Germany's persecution of Protestants
  • Bernard Buffet (1999), French painter ('The Crucifixion'), suffocation
  • Rembrandt Bugatti (1916), Italian sculptor, natural gas

C

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D

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E

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F

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  • Audrey Fagan (2007), Australian Federal Police assistant commissioner, hanging
  • Paul Federn (1950), Austrian-American psychoanalyst
  • Jeff Fehring (2008), Australian footballer
  • Andrea Feldman (1972), American actress and Warhol superstar, jumped out of building
  • George Fiske (1918), American photographer, shot himself
  • John Gould Fletcher (1950), American Pulitzer Prize winning poet, drowning
  • Bernard Floud (1967), UK Member of Parliament, gas and barbiturates
  • James V. Forrestal (1949), former U.S. Secretary of Defense, fall from window, possible homicide
  • Dédé Fortin (2000), Canadian leader and singer of Québec band Les Colocs, stabbed himself
  • Seán Fortune (1999), Irish Roman Catholic priest charged with molesting children, overdose
  • Vincent Foster (1993), American Deputy White House Counsel, gunshot
  • Nora May French (1907), American poet, poison(swallowing cyanide)
  • Misao Fujimura (1903), Japanese high school student, drowning

G

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H

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I

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  • Youssef Idilbi (2008), Dutch actor, jumped from the roof of a building

J

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K

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L

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  • Robert M. La Follette Jr. (1953), American senator from Wisconsin, gunshot
  • Paul Lafargue (1911), French son-in-law of Karl Marx, communist theorist and author of The Right to Be Lazy
  • James H. Lane (1866), senator from Kansas, general in Civil War, gunshot
  • Napoleon Lapathiotis (1944), Greek writer, gunshot
  • Rod Lauren (2007), American actor and singer, jumped from balcony
  • George P. Lawrence (1917), American representative from Massachusetts, jumped out of building to death due to stress caused by World War I
  • Adam Ledwoń (2008), Polish footballer, hanging
  • Lee Kyung Hae (2003) South Korean farmer and activist, stabbed himself at a protest
  • Trent Lehman (1982), former American child actor (Nanny and the Professor), hanging
  • Norman van Lennep (1897), Dutch chess master, drowning in the North Sea
  • Mark Levy (2009), American attorney and former Clinton administration official, gunshot
  • Louis Lingg (1887), German anarchist scheduled to be hanged for his alleged role in the Haymarket Square riot bomb, committed suicide by holding a lit stick of dynamite in his mouth
  • Arthur Lipsett (1986), Canadian avant-garde filmmaker
  • Friedrich List (1846), German economist
  • Jesse Lauriston Livermore (1940), American stock trader, gunshot
  • Mikael Ljungberg (2004), Swedish wrestler, Olympic gold medalist
  • Peter Llewelyn-Davies (1960), British publisher who inspired J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan, threw himself in front of a train
  • Ross Lockridge Jr. (1948), American novelist, author of Raintree County, asphyxiation via car fumes
  • Mark Lombardi (2000), American artist whose art described international white-collar crime networks, hanging
  • Terry Long (2005), former American NFL player, ingested antifreeze
  • Hans Loritz (1946), German concentration camp commandant at various times — Esterwegen, Dachau, Sachsenhausen
  • Noah Lottick (1990), American Scientologist, profiled in TIME article The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power
  • Gang Lu (1991), physics graduate student and mass murderer at the University of Iowa, gunshot
  • Gherasim Luca (1994), Romanian surrealist, jumped into the Seine
  • Ron Luciano (1995), American baseball umpire, carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov (1918), Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist, gunshot

M

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N

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  • Hisayasu Nagata (2009), Japanese politician, jumped from a building
  • Murat Nasyrov (2007), Russian-Kazakh singer, jumped from balcony
  • Oskar Nedbal (1930), Czech composer (The Tale of the Simply Johnny); jumped out a window on Christmas Eve
  • Gérard de Nerval (1855), French writer, hanging
  • Ni Min-jan (2005), Taiwanese actor and comedian, hanged.
  • Maresuke Nogi (1912), Japanese hero of Russo-Japanese war, committed seppuku with his wife following death of Meiji emperor

O

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  • Lawrence Oates (1912), Antarctic explorer; he said "I am just going outside and may be some time" when he walked out of the tent to his death in the blizzard, leaving behind Robert Falcon Scott and the others in an unsuccessful attempt to save them
  • C. Y. O'Connor (1902), Irish engineer, gunshot
  • Hugh O'Connor (1995), American actor, gunshot
  • Luis Ocaña (1994), Spanish cyclist, Tour de France winner, gunshot
  • Yukiko Okada (1986), Japanese idol of the 1980s, jumped from a seven story building after failed wrist slashing and gas inhalation attempts

P

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Q

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R

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  • Lynne Randell (2007), Australian singer, overdose
  • Kuljeet Randhawa (2006), Indian television actress, hanging
  • Danny Rapp (1983), American singer (Danny & the Juniors), gunshot
  • Abram Raselemane (2008), South African footballer
  • Alfred Redl (1913), Austrian army officer, spied for Russia, gunshot
  • George Reeves (1959), American actor, played Superman on television, death officially ruled as suicide by gunshot, but remains controversial to this day
  • John Reynolds (1966), American actor, played Torgo in the infamous cult classic "Manos" The Hands of Fate, gunshot or overdose
  • Thomas Caute Reynolds (1887), Confederate Governor of Missouri, jumped down elevator shaft
  • Thomas Reynolds (1844), American Governor of Missouri 1840-1844, shot himself
  • David Ritcheson (2007), American hate crime victim, jumped off cruise ship
  • René Rivkin (2005), Australian stockbroker and entrepreneur
  • Carlos Roberto Reina (2003), former president of Honduras, gunshot
  • Malachi Ritscher (2006), American anti-war protester, self-immolation at Chicago's Kennedy expressway
  • Angel Rivero Mendez (1930), Puerto Rican soldier for the Spanish Army, inventor, gunshot
  • John Robarts (1982), former Premier of the Canadian province of Ontario, 1961–1971; committed suicide with shotgun
  • Bill Robinzine (1982), American basketball player, carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Sue Rodriguez (1994), Canadian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) victim and advocate for euthanasia, assisted suicide
  • Lukasz Romanek (2006), Polish Speedway rider, former World Under 21 champion. Found dead in his workshop
  • Samuel Romilly (1818), British prison reformer, slit own throat
  • Jacqueline Roque (1986) Second wife of Pablo Picasso, gunshot
  • Jacques Roux (1794), leader of the Enrages in the French Revolution, stabbed himself while facing execution
  • Thomas Jefferson Rusk (1857), American senator from Texas, gunshot
  • Michael Ryan (1987), British mass murderer at Hungerford; self-inflicted gunshot wound after killing many others
  • Jakub Jan Ryba (1815), Czech composer and teacher, slit own throat

S

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T

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U

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  • Urmuz (1923), Romanian writer

V

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W

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Y

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Z

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Forced suicide

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The following people committed forced suicide - acts of suicide as a punishment at the behest of civil or judicial authorities:

  • Asano Naganori (1701), Japanese noble, forced to commit seppuku after attacking Kira Yoshinaka. The Forty-seven Ronin , former retainers of Naganori, were also ordered to commit seppuku in 1703 after killing Yoshinaka.
  • Ludwig Beck (1944), German Chief of the General Staff of the OKH, forced to commit suicide after the failed 20th of July plot.
  • Fusu (210 BC), son of the First Emperor of China Qin Shi Huang and brother of the Second Emperor Qin Er Shi; forced to commit suicide by a fake decree.
  • Hōjō Ujimasa (1590), lord of Odawara, after Toyotomi Hideyoshi successfully besieged him.
  • Hōjō Ujiteru (1590), brother of Hōjō Ujimasa
  • Li Tan (757), son of Emperor Suzong of China; forced to commit suicide after false accusations that he meant to kill his brother Li Chu.
  • Mori Ranmaru (1582), Oda Nobunaga's servant and close companion, forced to commit suicide along with him.
  • Qin Er Shi (207 BC), the second emperor of Qin dynasty China, forced to commit suicide by Zhao Gao.

Possible suicides

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The following is a list of people whose cause of death is disputed, or whose intention to commit suicide is doubtful.

  • Neil Aggett (1982), South African worker's union leader, hanged in prison; murder is suspected by some
  • Aman Andom (1974), military ruler of Ethiopia; died while resisting troops sent to arrest him, but circumstances are unclear
  • Pier Angeli (1971), Italian-born actress, died of an overdose of barbiturates. Speculation that her death was a suicide has never been officially confirmed.
  • Diana Barrymore (1960), American stage and film actress, overdose of sleeping pills. It wasn't the first time she took sleeping pills for insomnia. Some historians speculate whether it was intentional.
  • John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (1444), English nobleman, allegedly killed himself after being excluded from court.
  • Gertrude Bell (1926), British archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator known as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq", overdose, but unknown whether it was intentional
  • Gaetano Bresci (1901), Italian anarchist, assassin of King Umberto I (officially died as a result of suicide, but was found strangled)
  • Joseph Daniel 'Danny' Casolaro (1991), journalist, slashed wrists
  • Rudolf Diesel (1913), inventor of the Diesel engine, went overboard from a passenger ship, but circumstances were never established
  • Guru Dutt (1964), Indian actor and director; accidental or intentional overdose of sleeping pills
  • Zviad Gamsakhurdia (1993), former president of Georgia, gunshot
  • Jessie Gilbert (2006), British chess player, fell from 8th floor after drinking heavily, inquiry led to an open verdict
  • Odilo Globocnik (1945), Austrian Nazi leader; likely died by taking cyanide, but reports of his death are confused
  • Hong Xiuquan (1864), Chinese leader of the Taiping Rebellion, variously reported either to have poisoned himself or died of an illness
  • Randall Jarrell (1965), American writer, struck by a car and killed at an odd hour of the evening on a lonesome stretch of road near Chapel Hill, North Carolina; after struggling with clinical depression and shortly after a suicide attempt in which he unsuccessfully slashed his wrists
  • Judas Iscariot, traitor to Jesus, hanged himself according to the Gospel of Matthew; the Book of Acts suggests he died in an accidental fall, while the apocryphical Gospel of Judas suggests he was stoned to death by the other Apostles
  • Frida Kahlo (1954), Mexican painter. Supposedly died of a pulmonary embolism, but no autopsy was performed, and many are convinced that she committed suicide.
  • Weldon Kees (1955), American poet, artist and musician. Vanished in 1955; his car was found beside the Golden Gate Bridge, from which he may have leaped to his death. He had spoken to his friends of suicide beforehand, but had also spoken of departing for Mexico; either may have happened.
  • David Kellerman (2009), Acting Chief Financial Officer of Freddie Mac. Reportedly committed suicide in his home in Reston, Virginia.
  • Levi Kereama (2008), Singer; Australian Idol contestant, fell from a highrise; suicide is disputed by his family
  • Sándor Kocsis (1979), Hungarian soccer player, jumped out of window, disputed
  • Alan Ladd (1964), U.S. film star, overdose of alcohol and pills, highly disputed for many years
  • Alun Lewis (1944), British soldier and poet, found near the officers' latrine, a gunshot in his head, his revolver still in his hand. The official Army Court of Inquiry concluded that his death was accidental, but suicide has been suggested.
  • Jack London (1916), U.S. novelist, overdose of morphine and atropine (disputed by his widow)
  • Malcolm Lowry (1957), British writer, sleeping pill overdose, disputed as to accidental
  • Ettore Majorana, Italian physicist who disappeared in 1938; one of the possible considered explanations is that he committed suicide by drowning
  • Jan Masaryk (1948), Czech statesman, found dead in the courtyard of the Foreign Ministry below his bathroom window. Though the initial 'investigation' stated that he committed suicide by jumping out of the window, it is now commonly believed that he was defenestrated by Communists.
  • Robert Maxwell (1991), Czech-born UK newspaper magnate who, some believe, jumped overboard in the Atlantic leaving a financial disaster in his wake — the official inquest ruled it was 'accidental drowning'
  • Jürgen W. Möllemann (2003), German politician, parachute failure
  • Renate Müller (1937), German actress, fall from window originally reported as resulting from an epileptic seizure; also reported by some that the Gestapo was involved in her death
  • James Murray (1936), American silent film actor (The Crowd), drowned in the Hudson River, but it was never officially determined whether it was suicide or an accident
  • Pier delle Vigne (1249), Italian diplomat. Reportedly killed himself to avoid torture, although the circumstances of his death are not certain. In The Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri puts him among suicides.
  • John Polidori (1821), Poet, doctor, writer, apparently drank prussic acid in his bedroom, however, the coroner recorded death by natural causes.
  • Dean Reed (1986), musician known as the "Red Elvis" for his leftist political views and popularity in the Soviet Bloc, drowned, but may have been accidental; his family claimed it was murder
  • Irv Rubin (2002), leader of the Jewish Defense League, cut throat and fell off balcony while in prison, disputed by his family
  • Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (1889), heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, gunshot, officially as part of a suicide pact, but there is substantial speculation about a murder coverup
  • Romy Schneider (1982), Austrian actress, found dead in her apartment in Paris in May 1982, suggested suicide by taking a lethal cocktail of alcohol and sleeping pills. However, no post-mortem examination was carried out, and she was declared to have died from cardiac arrest.
  • Edie Sedgwick (1972), American socialite, Warhol superstar, overdose. The coroner ruled Sedgwick's death as "undetermined/accident/suicide".
  • Elizabeth Shin (2000), MIT student, died from burns inflicted by a fire in her dormitory room after sending emails to faculty members saying that she was depressed and wanted to kill herself.
  • Elizabeth Siddal (1862), Pre-Raphaelite icon and wife of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, officially an accidental overdose, but Rossetti may have destroyed a suicide note
  • Silk Smitha, South Indian actress, found dead in her apartment
  • Saigō Takamori (1876), Japanese samurai, injured in battle, might have committed suicide, or been killed by comrades rather than being killed or captured by the enemy.
  • Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1893), Russian composer. Generally assumed to have died of cholera; one account claims that he committed suicide by taking arsenic following an attempt to blackmail him over his homosexuality.
  • Baroness Mary Vetsera (1889), mistress of Crown Prince Rudolph
  • Peter Warlock (1930), UK composer (also known as Philip Heseltine); gas poisoning, but suicide was never established definitively
  • Kenneth Williams (1988), English actor, barbiturate overdose. Williams was taking medication for back pain and stomach trouble, which he referred to in the last sentence in his diary, concluding "oh — what's the bloody point?". His diary had often spoke of suicidal thoughts. The coroner recorded an open verdict.
  • Alfredo Yabrán (1998), Argentine businessman, gunshot, sometimes alleged to have faked his death
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