Q4: Why aren't there sections on science and technology, education, media, tourism etc?
A4: New sections require talk-page consensus. In archived discussions, it was decided to keep them out. Consider expanding their respective daughter articles, such as History of India, instead. See WP:WPC.
Q5: Why was my image or external link removed?
A5: To add or remove images and links, start a thread on this page first. See WP:FP?, WP:IMAGE, and WP:EL.
Q6: The map is wrong!
A6: The map shows the official (de jure) borders in undisputed territory and the de facto borders and all related claims where there's a dispute; it cannot exclusively present the official views of India, Pakistan, or China. See WP:NPOV.
Q7: India is a superpower!
A7: Consult the archives of this talk page for discussions of India's status as a superpower before adding any content that makes the suggestion. See WP:DUE.
Q8: Delhi is a state!
A8: To create an Indian state, the Parliament of India must pass a law to that effect—see Articles 2 through 4 of the Constitution of India, full text here. The Sixty-ninth Amendment, which was enacted in 1991, added Article 239AA to the constitution. It proclaimed the National Capital Territory of Delhi, gave it a legislative assembly, and accorded it special powers that most union territories lack. But Delhi was not made a state. Several crucial powers were retained by the central government, such as responsibility for law and order. Delhi also does not have a governor; instead, a lieutenant governor presides. Unlike Himachal Pradesh, which gained statehood in 1970, and Goa, which gained it in 1987, Delhi continues to be listed as a union territory by the First Schedule.
Q9: Add Hindi as the national language/hockey as the national sport!
A9: Hindi is the official language, not national language. There is no national language, but there are constitutionally recognized languages, commonly known as Schedule 8 languages. English also serves as a subsidiary official language until the universal use of Hindi is approved by the states and parliament.
This article is written in Indian English, which has its own spelling conventions (colour, travelled, centre, analysed, defence) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other varieties of English. According to the relevant style guide, this should not be changed without broad consensus.
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The original Jana Gana Mana was in Sadhu bhasha, but the version that became the national anthem is a Hindified version. Basically the one Tagore recited isn't the same. Pur 0 0 (talk) 08:45, 10 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
@Shubhsamant09 and Pur 0 0: The words of India's national anthem are exactly the ones Tagore had written. So what does the "Hindi" version mean? The decision to call it the "Hindi version" was made in the freewheeling Constituent Assembly (India) debates, chaired by Rajendra Prasad, most likely in the second half of 1949. I have thought about this over the years. There was a conservative Hindi group in the Assembly, to which Prasad himself belonged, as did Purushottam Das Tandon and others. My best guess is that by "Hindi version," they meant "in the Hindi pronunciation." Thus, instead of "Jono Gono Mono," the anthem was to be pronounced "Jun Gun Mun." That is how it has remained, how most Indian citizens sing it, most unaware of the meanings behind the word (except the geographical names, of course). However, because the Assembly debates were summarized in the words "Hindi version," that is how we summarize it on Wikipedia. Fowler&fowler«Talk»11:12, 10 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
First circle is Amar chakra: the oblique with eternal flame symbolises a mortality of the spirit of the soldier with an assurance that the nation will never forgot their sacrifice
Veerta chakra: a covered gallery that exhibits the valiant x of the armed forces during operations represented through bronze murals there are 6 murals
tyag chakra: names of soldiers homemade the supreme sacrifices inscribed in golden letters on granite tablets arranged in a circular pattern with symbolises the ancient war formation chakravyu there are 29000 tablets and 26000 names of fallen soldiers
Raksha chakra : role of dense trees in the Raksha chakra assurance to the citizens to the country about their safety against any thread which each tree representing many soldiers who got territorial integrity of the nation around the clock. 2405:201:2000:BC11:51BB:990D:DDA2:B0AC (talk) 10:34, 10 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
You should add The 360 degree view of four concentric circles of national war memorial as it is the tribute to the soldiers of our country of our brave soldiers who sacrifice life forever peace please take action according to it 2405:201:2000:BC11:51BB:990D:DDA2:B0AC (talk) 10:35, 10 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Mostly, these are introductory text books used in colleges and sometimes graduate schools worldwide. Please see WP:TERTIARY for their role in neutrality matters. Unfortunately, in these sources, the modern war memorials have as yet not acquired the notability (both historically and architecturally) that the old ones have, such as what used to be called War Memorial Arch, which commemorated the nearly 75,000 Indian soldiers who died in World War I. Fowler&fowler«Talk»10:59, 10 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
If I had to guess, the reason is probably consistency. Some countries' anthems don't have lyrics. Some, like India, have lyrics in dozens and dozens of languages. The straightforward choice then is just to have the instrumentals. Yue🌙06:23, 19 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Another reason is because most of the anthems come from the United States army bands, whose performances are in the public domain, and also they are primarily composed of people who can't pronounce the language of the anthem, so the performances are typically without vocals. ―Howard • 🌽3310:25, 2 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 19 February 2025
Thoughts on adding the reason for exclusion of Vice President and Chief Justice infobox, as a FAQ item on the top of the talk page? We get that request once or twice a month. — Benison (Beni · talk) 18:35, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.
please change
A very long request for a change
"Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago.[28][29][30] Their long occupation, predominantly in isolation as hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse, second only to Africa in human genetic diversity.[31] Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE.[32] By 1200 BCE, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, had diffused into India from the northwest.[33][34] Its hymns recorded the dawning of Hinduism in India.[35] India's pre-existing Dravidian languages were supplanted in the northern regions.[36] By 400 BCE, caste had emerged within Hinduism,[37] and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen, proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity.[38] Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires.[39] Widespread creativity suffused this era,[40] but the status of women declined,[41] and untouchability became an organized belief.[l][42] In South India, the Middle kingdoms exported Dravidian language scripts and religious cultures to the kingdoms of Southeast Asia.[43]
In the early mediaeval era, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism became established on India's southern and western coasts.[44] Muslim armies from Central Asia intermittently overran India's northern plains.[45] The resulting Delhi Sultanate drew northern India into the cosmopolitan networks of mediaeval Islam.[46] In south India, the Vijayanagara Empire created a long-lasting composite Hindu culture.[47] In the Punjab, Sikhism emerged, rejecting institutionalised religion.[48] The Mughal Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace,[49] leaving a legacy of luminous architecture.[m][50] Gradually expanding rule of the British East India Company followed. It turned India into a colonial economy but consolidated its sovereignty.[51] British Crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly,[52][53] but technological changes were introduced, and modern ideas of education and public life took root.[54] A pioneering and influential nationalist movement emerged. Noted for nonviolent resistance it became the major factor in ending British rule.[55][56] In 1947, the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two independent dominions,[57][58][59][60] a Hindu-majority dominion of India and a Muslim-majority dominion of Pakistan. A large-scale loss of life and an unprecedented migration accompanied the partition.[61]
India has been a federal republic since 1950, governed through a democratic parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. India's population grew from 361 million in 1951 to almost 1.4 billion in 2022.[62] During this time, its nominal per capita income increased from US$64 annually to US$2,601, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. A comparatively destitute country in 1951,[63] India has become a fast-growing major economy and a hub for information technology services; it has an expanding middle class.[64] Indian movies and music increasingly influence global culture.[65] India has reduced its poverty rate, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality.[66] It is a nuclear-weapon state that ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century.[67] Among the socio-economic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition,[68] and rising levels of air pollution.[69] India's land is megadiverse with four biodiversity hotspots.[70] India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in its culture,[71] is supported among these forests and elsewhere in protected habitats."
To
"India, officially the Republic of India, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and significant contributions to human civilization. As one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations, India has been a center of trade, knowledge, and culture for thousands of years. It is the birthplace of major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism and has profoundly influenced world history through its scientific advancements, literature, philosophy, and artistic traditions.
Ancient and Classical History
India’s history dates back to pre-Indus Valley Civilizations, with early settlements such as Mehrgarh (7000 BCE) in present-day Balochistan. The Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE), known for its advanced urban planning, drainage systems, and trade networks, flourished in Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, Dholavira, and other sites. Archaeological evidence suggests links between Indus script and later Brahmi scripts, as well as potential maritime trade with Mesopotamia.
Post-Indus Valley and Early Kingdoms
After the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, the Vedic Period (1500–600 BCE) saw the migration of Indo-Aryan people and the composition of the Rigveda, one of the world's oldest texts. This era laid the foundation for Indian philosophy, governance, and social structure. The rise of the Mahajanapadas (600–300 BCE) saw the emergence of major kingdoms like Magadha, Kashi, Kuru, Avanti, and Kosala, with centers of learning such as Taxila flourishing.
Maurya Empire and Successors (321 BCE – 550 CE)
The Maurya Empire (321–185 BCE) under Chandragupta Maurya unified much of the subcontinent. Under Ashoka the Great, the empire expanded to its largest extent, spreading Buddhism across Asia and leaving behind rock edicts and stupas, including Sanchi and Bharhut.
After the Mauryas, the Shunga Empire (185–73 BCE) revived Hindu traditions and arts, while the Satavahana Dynasty (1st century BCE–3rd century CE) played a crucial role in maritime trade, literature, and temple construction. The Kushans (1st–3rd century CE), led by Kanishka, supported Buddhism and trade along the Silk Road and were instrumental in the spread of Gandhara and Mathura art styles.
Medieval India (600 CE – 1526 CE)
The Gupta Empire and Its Successors (320–1100 CE)
The Gupta Empire (320–550 CE), often called the Golden Age of India, saw advancements in mathematics (Aryabhata), astronomy, medicine, literature (Kalidasa), and temple architecture. This period produced masterpieces like the Dashavatara Temple (Deogarh), Udayagiri Caves, and Ajanta and Ellora caves.
Post-Gupta, several powerful regional empires emerged:
Vakatakas (3rd–6th century CE): Patronized Ajanta frescoes and cave temples.
Gurjara-Pratiharas (7th–11th century CE): Known for defending India from Arab invasions and patronizing Khajuraho temples.
Chalukyas (6th–12th century CE): Developed Vesara-style architecture (e.g., Badami, Pattadakal).
Pallavas (4th–9th century CE): Built Mahabalipuram Shore Temple and Kanchipuram temples.
Chola Empire (9th–13th century CE): A naval power, known for Brihadeeswarar Temple (Thanjavur).
The Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE) marked the beginning of Islamic rule in India, introducing Indo-Islamic architecture, including Qutub Minar and Alai Darwaza.
Mughal Empire (1526–1857 CE)
The Mughal Empire brought prosperity, military innovations, and a fusion of Persian and Indian cultures. Akbar’s reign (1556–1605) emphasized tolerance, while Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal. The empire gradually declined, paving the way for British colonialism.
British Colonial Period (1858–1947 CE)
The British Raj saw the construction of colonial architecture (e.g., Victoria Memorial, Rashtrapati Bhavan) and infrastructure (railways, telegraph). However, it also led to economic exploitation and famines. The freedom movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, resulted in India's independence in 1947.
Independent India (1947–2025)
Post-Independence Challenges and Progress
India faced partition-related violence, economic struggles, and political instability but made significant progress in various fields:
Democracy: Adopted the Constitution in 1950, establishing a secular, socialist republic.
Economy: Green Revolution (1960s) and economic liberalization (1991) led to rapid growth.
Space & Technology: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched Mangalyaan (2014) and Chandrayaan missions.
Infrastructure: Development of metro systems, highways, and renewable energy projects.
Defense: Indigenous advancements in missile technology, nuclear capabilities, and defense manufacturing.
Social Reforms: Advances in education, gender equality, and digital governance.
Challenges and Future Prospects
Despite progress, India faces challenges in poverty reduction, environmental sustainability, and political stability. Efforts like Digital India, Make in India, and climate initiatives aim to overcome these issues and position India as a global leader.""
"The Wonder That Was India" by A.L. Basham: This seminal work offers an extensive exploration of ancient Indian civilization, covering aspects from the Indus Valley Civilization to the arrival of the Muslims. Basham delves into the Harappan findings and discusses the interpretations of the Rig Veda and other Sanskrit texts, providing a deep understanding of India's past. THEBETTERINDIA.COM "Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas" by Romila Thapar: This book provides a detailed account of the Mauryan Empire, focusing on Emperor Ashoka's reign, his promotion of Buddhism, and the subsequent decline of the empire. Thapar examines the emergence of sculpture, art, architecture, and scripture during this period, which remain significant in Indian history today. THEBETTERINDIA.COM "Ancient Indian History and Civilization" by S.N. Sen: This comprehensive study covers India's history from prehistoric times to the early medieval era, discussing political, social, economic, and cultural developments. Sen's work incorporates recent research findings, offering a balanced perspective on various historical facets. BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM "History of Ancient India: A Captivating Guide to Ancient Indian History": This book provides an engaging narrative of India's ancient history, from the Indus Valley Civilization through the Mauryan Empire, highlighting significant events and cultural advancements. AMAZON.COM Scientific Contributions: Mathematics and Astronomy: Ancient Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata and Brahmagupta made groundbreaking contributions, including the conceptualization of zero and the development of the decimal system. Their works laid the foundation for significant mathematical and astronomical advancements. THEGUARDIAN.COM Medicine and Surgery: The "Sushruta Samhita," an ancient Sanskrit text, is one of the earliest works detailing surgical practices, including complex procedures like cataract surgery. This text showcases the advanced state of medical knowledge in ancient India. NIOS.AC.IN Metallurgy: The iron pillar of Delhi exemplifies ancient India's proficiency in metallurgy. Standing at seven meters high, this pillar has remained rust-free for over a millennium, highlighting the advanced metallurgical techniques of the time. VAJIRAMANDRAVI.COM Cultural and Architectural Heritage: Indus Valley Civilization: Archaeological sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro reveal advanced urban planning, drainage systems, and trade networks, indicating a highly developed civilization. THEBETTERINDIA.COM Temple Architecture: Monuments such as the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Tamil Nadu and the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha exemplify the architectural brilliance of ancient India, reflecting intricate designs and engineering prowess.
"History of India." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/History_of_India "Maurya Empire." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Maurya_Empire "Mughal Empire." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Mughal_Empire "Economic liberalisation in India." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India "Indian Space Research Organisation." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation "The Maurya Empire" by F. W. Thomas: This work, part of the Cambridge History of India (1922), offers a comprehensive analysis of the Mauryan period, covering its political and social organization. ARCHIVE.ORG "The Mauryan Empire" in The Oxford World History of Empire (2019): This chapter provides an in-depth examination of the Mauryan Empire's establishment, administration, and significance in South Asian history. ACADEMIC.OUP.COM "INTERPRETING THE MAURYAN EMPIRE: Centralized State or Multiple Centres of Control" by Patrick Olivelle: This research paper explores the administrative structure of the Mauryan Empire, debating whether it functioned as a centralized state or a collection of regional centers. ACADEMIA.EDU Mughal Empire: "A Political Sociology of Empire: Mughal Historians on the Making of Mughal Paramountcy" by Farhat Hasan: This article analyzes contemporary Mughal historical accounts to understand the political and social dynamics that contributed to the empire's dominance. EPRINTS.LSE.AC.UK "The Mughal Empire" by John F. Richards: Part of The New Cambridge History of India series, this book offers a detailed narrative of the Mughal Empire's history, administration, and cultural contributions. Economic Liberalization in India: "Economic Liberalization in India" by Deepak Lal: This book examines the economic reforms initiated in 1991, analyzing their impact on India's growth trajectory and integration into the global economy. "India's Economic Reforms and Development: Essays for Manmohan Singh" edited by Isher Judge Ahluwalia and I.M.D. Little: This collection of essays discusses various aspects of India's economic reforms, providing insights into policy changes and their outcomes. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): "Reaching for the Stars: India's Journey to Mars and Beyond" by Pallava Bagla and Subhadra Menon: This book chronicles ISRO's milestones, including the Mars Orbiter Mission, highlighting India's advancements in space technology. "ISRO: A Personal History" by R. Aravamudan and Gita Aravamudan: Authored by a former ISRO director, this memoir provides an insider's perspective on the organization's evolution and achievements.
Not done. This is a featured article; we are not going to replace a section of text with multiple sources to a completely different section of text with multiple sources without any rationale whatsoever, and defintely not without a discussion on this page. I would suggest raising the changes you wish to make one at a time, rather than en masse; people are not going to read swathes of text. Incidentally, you cannot use Wikipedia as a source. Black Kite (talk)21:31, 26 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Don't you think that everything written here is negative and biased about india, it show wrong image of my great country to reader. Nobody is going to read full article, but make his/her thoughts about india after reading the intro or first page which i was trying to make unbiased,good including all the important things that a person should know about india in a right manner. if want me i can make it short, but please consider some changes.It is very insulting and unfair to our country and its people.Jai hind. 103.158.217.56 (talk) 23:16, 26 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
please do consider my view and let me know if changes are to be made,please for sake of india.It's unfair that these negative and biased things are written in introduction of my country. Dakshsharma857 (talk) 23:19, 26 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 26 February 2025 (2)
This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.
Another very long request for a change
please change "Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago.[28][29][30] Their long occupation, predominantly in isolation as hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse, second only to Africa in human genetic diversity.[31] Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE.[32] By 1200 BCE, an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, had diffused into India from the northwest.[33][34] Its hymns recorded the dawning of Hinduism in India.[35] India's pre-existing Dravidian languages were supplanted in the northern regions.[36] By 400 BCE, caste had emerged within Hinduism,[37] and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen, proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity.[38] Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires.[39] Widespread creativity suffused this era,[40] but the status of women declined,[41] and untouchability became an organized belief.[l][42] In South India, the Middle kingdoms exported Dravidian language scripts and religious cultures to the kingdoms of Southeast Asia.[43]
In the early mediaeval era, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism became established on India's southern and western coasts.[44] Muslim armies from Central Asia intermittently overran India's northern plains.[45] The resulting Delhi Sultanate drew northern India into the cosmopolitan networks of mediaeval Islam.[46] In south India, the Vijayanagara Empire created a long-lasting composite Hindu culture.[47] In the Punjab, Sikhism emerged, rejecting institutionalised religion.[48] The Mughal Empire, in 1526, ushered in two centuries of relative peace,[49] leaving a legacy of luminous architecture.[m][50] Gradually expanding rule of the British East India Company followed. It turned India into a colonial economy but consolidated its sovereignty.[51] British Crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly,[52][53] but technological changes were introduced, and modern ideas of education and public life took root.[54] A pioneering and influential nationalist movement emerged. Noted for nonviolent resistance it became the major factor in ending British rule.[55][56] In 1947, the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two independent dominions,[57][58][59][60] a Hindu-majority dominion of India and a Muslim-majority dominion of Pakistan. A large-scale loss of life and an unprecedented migration accompanied the partition.[61]
India has been a federal republic since 1950, governed through a democratic parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. India's population grew from 361 million in 1951 to almost 1.4 billion in 2022.[62] During this time, its nominal per capita income increased from US$64 annually to US$2,601, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. A comparatively destitute country in 1951,[63] India has become a fast-growing major economy and a hub for information technology services; it has an expanding middle class.[64] Indian movies and music increasingly influence global culture.[65] India has reduced its poverty rate, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality.[66] It is a nuclear-weapon state that ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century.[67] Among the socio-economic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition,[68] and rising levels of air pollution.[69] India's land is megadiverse with four biodiversity hotspots.[70] India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in its culture,[71] is supported among these forests and elsewhere in protected habitats."
To
"India is a nation known for its rich history, diverse culture, and significant contributions to human civilization. As one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations, India has been a center of trade, knowledge, and culture for thousands of years. It is the birthplace of major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, profoundly influencing global history through scientific advancements, literature, philosophy, and artistic traditions.
India’s history dates back to prehistoric settlements, including Mehrgarh (7000 BCE) in present-day Balochistan. The Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE) flourished in Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, and Dholavira, demonstrating advanced urban planning, drainage systems, and trade networks. Archaeological evidence suggests links between the Indus script and later Brahmi scripts, as well as potential maritime trade with Mesopotamia.Following the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization, the Vedic Period (1500–600 BCE) saw the migration of Indo-Aryan people and the composition of the Rigveda, one of the world's oldest texts. This period laid the foundation for Indian philosophy, governance, and social structure. The rise of the Mahajanapadas (600–300 BCE) saw the emergence of major kingdoms like Magadha, Kashi, Kuru, Avanti, and Kosala, with renowned centers of learning such as Taxila.The Maurya Empire (321–185 BCE), under Chandragupta Maurya, unified much of the subcontinent. Under Ashoka the Great, the empire expanded to its largest extent, spreading Buddhism across Asia and leaving behind rock edicts and stupas, including those at Sanchi and Bharhut.Post-Mauryan dynasties, including the Shunga Empire (185–73 BCE) and the Satavahana Dynasty (1st century BCE–3rd century CE), played crucial roles in maritime trade, literature, and temple construction. The Kushan Empire (1st–3rd century CE), led by Kanishka, supported Buddhism and trade along the Silk Road, contributing to the Gandhara and Mathura art style.The Gupta Empire (320–550 CE), often called the Golden Age of India, saw advancements in mathematics (Aryabhata), astronomy, medicine, and literature (Kalidasa). This period produced masterpieces such as the Dashavatara Temple (Deogarh), Udayagiri Caves, and Ajanta and Ellora caves.
Post-Gupta regional empires emerged, including:Vakatakas (3rd–6th century CE): Patronized Ajanta frescoes and cave temples.Gurjara-Pratiharas (7th–11th century CE): Defended India from Arab invasions and patronized Khajuraho temples.Chalukyas (6th–12th century CE): Developed Vesara-style architecture (e.g., Badami, Pattadakal).Pallavas (4th–9th century CE): Built Mahabalipuram Shore Temple and Kanchipuram temples.Chola Empire (9th–13th century CE): A naval power known for Brihadeeswarar Temple (Thanjavur).
The Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE) introduced Indo-Islamic architecture, including Qutub Minar and Alai Darwaza.The Mughal Empire brought prosperity, military innovations, and a fusion of Persian and Indian cultures. Akbar’s reign (1556–1605) emphasized religious tolerance, while Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal. The empire gradually declined, paving the way for British colonialism.The British Raj saw the construction of colonial architecture (e.g., Victoria Memorial, Rashtrapati Bhavan) and infrastructure (railways, telegraph) but also led to economic exploitation and famines. The freedom movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, resulted in India's independence in 1947.
Despite partition-related challenges, India made significant progress in various fields:
Democracy: Adopted the Constitution in 1950, establishing a secular, socialist republic.Economy: Green Revolution (1960s) and economic liberalization (1991) led to rapid growth.Space & Technology: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched Mangalyaan (2014) and Chandrayaan missions.Infrastructure: Development of metro systems, highways, and renewable energy projects.Defense: Indigenous advancements in missile technology, nuclear capabilities, and defense manufacturing.Social Reforms: Advances in education, gender equality, and digital governance.
Despite progress, India faces challenges in poverty reduction, environmental sustainability, and political stability. Initiatives like Digital India, Make in India, and climate policies aim to overcome these issues and position India as a global leader.""
(Upon meticulous review, it appears that the current description exhibits an implicit bias and an unduly negative tone, which may not be entirely in alignment with Wikipedia’s foundational principles of neutrality, objectivity, and verifiability.
In the spirit of fostering a more balanced and factually comprehensive portrayal, I humbly propose an alternative introductory passage that upholds the highest standards of scholarly accuracy and impartial representation. I would be most grateful if you could kindly evaluate the suggested revision with due consideration, ensuring that it adheres to Wikipedia’s commitment to an unbiased and well-rounded presentation of historical and geopolitical realities.
I sincerely appreciate your invaluable time and effort in maintaining the integrity of this esteemed platform and look forward to your thoughtful response.)
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References
^ "The Wonder That Was India" by A.L. Basham: This seminal work offers an extensive exploration of ancient Indian civilization, covering aspects from the Indus Valley Civilization to the arrival of the Muslims. Basham delves into the Harappan findings and discusses the interpretations of the Rig Veda and other Sanskrit texts, providing a deep understanding of India's past. THEBETTERINDIA.COM "Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas" by Romila Thapar: This book provides a detailed account of the Mauryan Empire, focusing on Emperor Ashoka's reign, his promotion of Buddhism, and the subsequent decline of the empire. Thapar examines the emergence of sculpture, art, architecture, and scripture during this period, which remain significant in Indian history today. THEBETTERINDIA.COM "Ancient Indian History and Civilization" by S.N. Sen: This comprehensive study covers India's history from prehistoric times to the early medieval era, discussing political, social, economic, and cultural developments. Sen's work incorporates recent research findings, offering a balanced perspective on various historical facets. BOOKS.GOOGLE.COM "History of Ancient India: A Captivating Guide to Ancient Indian History": This book provides an engaging narrative of India's ancient history, from the Indus Valley Civilization through the Mauryan Empire, highlighting significant events and cultural advancements. AMAZON.COM Scientific Contributions: Mathematics and Astronomy: Ancient Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata and Brahmagupta made groundbreaking contributions, including the conceptualization of zero and the development of the decimal system. Their works laid the foundation for significant mathematical and astronomical advancements. THEGUARDIAN.COM Medicine and Surgery: The "Sushruta Samhita," an ancient Sanskrit text, is one of the earliest works detailing surgical practices, including complex procedures like cataract surgery. This text showcases the advanced state of medical knowledge in ancient India. NIOS.AC.IN Metallurgy: The iron pillar of Delhi exemplifies ancient India's proficiency in metallurgy. Standing at seven meters high, this pillar has remained rust-free for over a millennium, highlighting the advanced metallurgical techniques of the time. VAJIRAMANDRAVI.COM Cultural and Architectural Heritage: Indus Valley Civilization: Archaeological sites like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro reveal advanced urban planning, drainage systems, and trade networks, indicating a highly developed civilization. THEBETTERINDIA.COM Temple Architecture: Monuments such as the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Tamil Nadu and the Konark Sun Temple in Odisha exemplify the architectural brilliance of ancient India, reflecting intricate designs and engineering prowess.
"History of India." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/History_of_India "Maurya Empire." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Maurya_Empire "Mughal Empire." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Mughal_Empire "Economic liberalisation in India." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India "Indian Space Research Organisation." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://wiki.riteme.site/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation "The Maurya Empire" by F. W. Thomas: This work, part of the Cambridge History of India (1922), offers a comprehensive analysis of the Mauryan period, covering its political and social organization. ARCHIVE.ORG "The Mauryan Empire" in The Oxford World History of Empire (2019): This chapter provides an in-depth examination of the Mauryan Empire's establishment, administration, and significance in South Asian history. ACADEMIC.OUP.COM "INTERPRETING THE MAURYAN EMPIRE: Centralized State or Multiple Centres of Control" by Patrick Olivelle: This research paper explores the administrative structure of the Mauryan Empire, debating whether it functioned as a centralized state or a collection of regional centers. ACADEMIA.EDU Mughal Empire: "A Political Sociology of Empire: Mughal Historians on the Making of Mughal Paramountcy" by Farhat Hasan: This article analyzes contemporary Mughal historical accounts to understand the political and social dynamics that contributed to the empire's dominance. EPRINTS.LSE.AC.UK "The Mughal Empire" by John F. Richards: Part of The New Cambridge History of India series, this book offers a detailed narrative of the Mughal Empire's history, administration, and cultural contributions. Economic Liberalization in India: "Economic Liberalization in India" by Deepak Lal: This book examines the economic reforms initiated in 1991, analyzing their impact on India's growth trajectory and integration into the global economy. "India's Economic Reforms and Development: Essays for Manmohan Singh" edited by Isher Judge Ahluwalia and I.M.D. Little: This collection of essays discusses various aspects of India's economic reforms, providing insights into policy changes and their outcomes. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): "Reaching for the Stars: India's Journey to Mars and Beyond" by Pallava Bagla and Subhadra Menon: This book chronicles ISRO's milestones, including the Mars Orbiter Mission, highlighting India's advancements in space technology. "ISRO: A Personal History" by R. Aravamudan and Gita Aravamudan: Authored by a former ISRO director, this memoir provides an insider's perspective on the organization's evolution and achievements.
Bharat is not just started when British leave, it has a very long history.
I think we should write historic Civilizations, Kingdoms and Empires, to provide more information about Establishment and Formation of the country, as written in the South Korea, Rwanda, Burundi and DR Congo's articles.
The infobox section is for the establishment events that brought sovereignty. Mixing that purpose with something else, such as in this example, suggests that for example previous entries were under the United Kingdom. CMD (talk) 14:18, 28 February 2025 (UTC)[reply]
CMD has already made an excellent point. Generally, though, should you decide to add the timeline elsewhere, its entries are not what are typically considered most notable. The timeline lacks impartiality. A civilization is usually urban, which the Vedic period was not, nor was it established in 1500 BCE, for the Rig Veda, whose hymns describe the migration of Sanskrit-speaking peoples into India, was not completed until 1200 BCE. I don't know if the Cemetery H culture was as notable as the others. The Kingdom of Magadha was undoubtedly not established before the Vedic Period was. "Late Medieval" is not the best rubric for the Delhi Sultanate. The Maratha confederacy was less notable than the Mughal empire, which gave the Marathas both ambition and opportunity. Fowler&fowler«Talk»18:54, 10 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 3 march 2025
Hello @207.96.13.12:. It is a beautiful picture, but it appears to be staged. The low camera position gives the airborne swordsman a more dramatic height than he probably has. I prefer more routine, realistic pictures that give this encyclopedia's typical reader a feeling for a country's competitive sports or simple pastimes. Also, as an editor has demonstrated by removing a preexisting picture, we don't have room for more in that section, but other editors might feel differently. Thanks for finding that great picture. Fowler&fowler«Talk»18:12, 10 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]
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Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Annh07 (talk) 08:47, 19 February 2025 (UTC)
Not done. This is a featured article; we are not going to replace a section of text with multiple sources to a completely different section of text with multiple sources without any rationale whatsoever, and defintely not without a discussion on this page. I would suggest raising the changes you wish to make one at a time, rather than en masse; people are not going to read swathes of text. Incidentally, you cannot use Wikipedia as a source. Black Kite (talk) 21:31, 26 February 2025 (UTC)
