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Talk:Buddhism/Summary of changes between 2004 and 2006

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New sections

[edit]
  • Anatta
  • Anicca
  • Buddha-dhatu ("Buddha-Principle", "Buddha-nature")
  • Buddhism
  • Buddhism after the Buddha
  • Buddhism and reality
  • Buddhist religious philosophy and branches
  • Dukkha
  • Footnotes
  • Meditation
  • Practices of Buddhism
  • Principal schools of Buddhist philosophy
  • References
  • References and Links
  • Refuge in The Three Jewels
  • Related modern concepts
  • Related systems and religions
  • The Three Marks of Existence
  • Vegetarianism

Removed sections

[edit]
  • History of the Schools
  • Modern Asia
  • The Three Vehicles

Buddhism and the West

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Deletions Additions
Early contact
Alexander the Great
Hellenism
Menander
1800s 19th century
Arthur Schopenhauer details
Theosophical Society
Buddhist Society, London
Max Müller
Buddhist flag
Buddhism in America link
Hermann Hesse
Jack Kerouac
"decline of traditional Western beliefs (see Christianity)" "more methodical path to happiness than Christianity ... spiritual bankruptcy"
Nepal, India, Tibet
Tibetan lamas
Korean and Vietnam wars
IMS
Zen
"continuous evolution of the practice"
"to create a new form of non-sectarian Buddhist practice" Shambhala Buddhism details
Lama Surya Das
Jesus as a bodhisattva

Buddhism in the modern world

[edit]
Deletions Additions
Albert Einstein quote
230-500 million 230-700 million
dominant schools by country
"exotic and progressive ... familiar and part of the establishment"

Introduction

[edit]
Deletions Additions
Siddhartha Gautama in Pali
"originated in India" "[Buddha] lived in northern India"
"spread throughout Asia, etc.", specific countries "spread into... [regions of Asia] and Eastern Europe"
unusual among world religions "what is religion?"
"does not involve the worship of gods" "some Buddhist schools associate with them via ritual"
"does not deny the existence of gods or other higher beings" "does not deny the existence of supernatural beings"
supernatural beings also in samsara
Dhammapada quote
708 million followers
two main branches
Pali canon vs. Mahayana sutras
definition of sutra
different vinayas
Mahayana vs. Hinayana
division by language
Vajrayana
Zen/Chan
"The aim of these practices is to put an end to suffering and achieve enlightenment" "The aim of Buddhist practice is to end [samsara]... by awakening the practitioner to the realization of true reality, the achievement of liberation"
nirvana defined as "extinguishing" nirvana defined as "liberation"
"For the Buddha, the key to liberation was mental purity and correct understanding" "To [end the cycle], one should purify and train the mind and act according to the laws of karma"
definition of karma
Mahayana viewpoint: "Eventually... the conditioned realm of karma needs to be transcended altogether"
Great Perfection
sila, prajna
varieties of meditation
"Buddhists use such techniques to gain insight"

Origins

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Deletions Additions
"Legend has it" "there are many different stories"
Siddartha Gautama in Devanagari, Pali, and pronunciation
Shakyamuni
specific Theravada legend
6th century BCE 566 BCE
Suddhodana a chief, not a king
Maya's dream
Siddhartha's birth
"He immediately took seven steps toward each quarter of heaven..."
Maya passed away shortly after giving birth
"escorted by his attendant Channa"
"for uncounted aeons" "since beginningless time"
"It is said that he stole out of the house in the dead of night"
asceticism in Jainism
"He became a skeleton covered with skin, surviving on a single grain of rice per day, and practiced holding his breath."
"Perhaps [meditation] would provide an alternative to the dead end of self-mortification?"
"[the Bodhi tree], under which he would be shaded [from the sun]"
"This new way of practicing" "He developed a new way of meditating"
"[six years since he began his quest] in search of a solution to an end of suffering [he attained enlightenment]"
Bihar
Ayacana Sutta
near Benares
first sermon and first sangha
"Historically speaking, there are questions about this story."
"there are other stories of his life which do not exactly match" "In other versions of his life story"
"country of Magadha where he was born" "state of Shakya where he was born"
Suddhodana not a king redux
influence of Jain culture
penances
Jainism well established by time of Buddhist writings
24 previous Buddhas identical to Jain Tirthankaras
dialogues between Gautama Buddha and Niganthas
Prakrit terminology shared between Jainism and Buddhism
familiar terms
appeal to a broad audience
see also Earliest Buddhism

Other principles and practices

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Deletions Additions
karma is not an excuse for treating the less fortunate poorly
unsatisfactory nature of Ishvara
problem of evil
"it is better to call Buddhism agnostic"
"Karma had taken the place of God in Theravada"
"the Buddha himself is venerated like God in Mahayana"

Relations with other faiths

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Deletions Additions
"Some Hindus (primarily in the northern regions of India)"
Vishnu details
Astika vs. Nastika
syncretism/ecumenicism
Shinto is Japanese
Jainism
Taoism
Confucianism/Neo-Confucianism
Confucian ancestor worship

Scriptures

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Deletions Additions
open source canon
anyone may become enlightened
"it is also possible for new authoritative sermons to be delivered"
Abhidhamma in Sanskrit
other Abhidhammas among the Eighteen Schools, distinct from the Theravadin version
"Mahayana canon" "Mahayana corpus of sutras"

The Five Precepts

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Deletions Additions
five precepts ↔ training rules
"Laypeople generally undertake five precepts." "Laypeople generally undertake (at least one of) five precepts."
commandments vs. precepts
rationale for first precept
uniqueness of and rationale for fifth precept
generality of precepts
The Scripture of Brahma's Net
background of third precept
"monks and nuns of most countries [observe the patimokkha]" "monks and nuns of the Theravada school [observe the patimokkha]"

The Four Noble Truths

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Deletions Additions
"The Buddha's teaching at his first sermon was that of the four noble truths." "The Buddha taught that life was dissatisfactory because of craving, but that this condition was curable by following the Noble Eightfold Path. This teaching is called the Four Noble Truths..."
emphasis on experiential verification rather than faith
Noble Eightfold Path ↔ Three Trainings
craving causes suffering
Pratitya-samutpadakarma
Twelve Links
only nirvana can end samsara
note on translation

The Noble Eightfold Path

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Deletions Additions
"without right understanding it would not be possible to really develop the other limbs of the path"
"from very early on Buddhism took it as a basic premise that ignorance or misunderstanding was the result[?] of all evils"
"The Eightfold Path essentially consists of meditation, following the precepts, and cultivating the positive converse of the precepts..."
Threefold Path/Three Trainings
sila

The Three Marks of Existence

[edit]
Deletions Additions
dharma seals: anatta, anicca, dukkha subsections

What is a Buddha?

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Deletions Additions
buddha in Devanagari and pronunciation
"not just a single religious leader" "not just the historical Buddha Shakyamuni"
"...lineage of Buddhas, which stretches back into the dim recesses of the past and forward into the distant horizons of the future" "...lineage of Buddhas, which is thought to extend beyond history into the past and into the indefinite future"
godhood in Mahayana sutras
"He claimed to be ... a teacher to guide those who choose to listen." "He is instead dharma ... made manifest."
"A Buddha is any human being who..." "A Buddha is anyone who..."
"fully awakened, ... transformed [beyond samsara by insight], ... and enabled to help others achieve the same enlightenment" "fully awakened, ... liberated [from samsara], ... eradicated all negative qualites and developed all positive qualities, possibly including omniscience"
Buddhas do not claim omnipotence; contrast with the Abrahamic God
Mahayana asserts animals can achieve enlightenment
past lives of Gautama Buddha
Tathagatagarbha Doctrine
solitary buddhas
Gautama Buddha persuaded by Indra to teach