From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anatta
Anicca
Buddha-dhatu ("Buddha-Principle", "Buddha-nature")
Buddhism
Buddhism after the Buddha
Buddhism and reality
Buddhist religious philosophy and branches
Dukkha
Footnotes
Meditation
Practices of Buddhism
Principal schools of Buddhist philosophy
References
References and Links
Refuge in The Three Jewels
Related modern concepts
Related systems and religions
The Three Marks of Existence
Vegetarianism History of the Schools
Modern Asia
The Three Vehicles
Deletions
Additions
Albert Einstein quote
230-500 million
230-700 million
dominant schools by country
"exotic and progressive ... familiar and part of the establishment"
Deletions
Additions
Siddhartha Gautama in Pali
"originated in India"
"[Buddha] lived in northern India"
"spread throughout Asia, etc.", specific countries
"spread into... [regions of Asia] and Eastern Europe"
unusual among world religions
"what is religion?"
"does not involve the worship of gods"
"some Buddhist schools associate with them via ritual"
"does not deny the existence of gods or other higher beings"
"does not deny the existence of supernatural beings"
supernatural beings also in samsara
Dhammapada
708 million followers
two main branches
Pali canon vs. Mahayana sutras
definition of sutra
different vinayas
Mahayana vs. Hinayana
division by language
Vajrayana
Zen /Chan
"The aim of these practices is to put an end to suffering and achieve enlightenment"
"The aim of Buddhist practice is to end [samsara]... by awakening the practitioner to the realization of true reality, the achievement of liberation"
nirvana nirvana defined as "liberation"
"For the Buddha, the key to liberation was mental purity and correct understanding"
"To [end the cycle], one should purify and train the mind and act according to the laws of karma"
definition of karma
Mahayana viewpoint: "Eventually... the conditioned realm of karma needs to be transcended altogether"
Great Perfection
sila prajna
varieties of meditation
"Buddhists use such techniques to gain insight"
Deletions
Additions
"Legend has it"
"there are many different stories"
Siddartha Gautama in Devanagari , Pali , and pronunciation
Shakyamuni
specific Theravada legend
6th century BCE
566 BCE
Suddhodana a chief, not a king
Maya's dream
Siddhartha's birth
"He immediately took seven steps toward each quarter of heaven..."
Maya passed away shortly after giving birth
"escorted by his attendant Channa"
"for uncounted aeons"
"since beginningless time"
"It is said that he stole out of the house in the dead of night"
asceticism in Jainism
"He became a skeleton covered with skin, surviving on a single grain of rice per day, and practiced holding his breath."
"Perhaps [meditation] would provide an alternative to the dead end of self-mortification?"
"[the Bodhi tree], under which he would be shaded [from the sun]"
"This new way of practicing"
"He developed a new way of meditating"
"[six years since he began his quest] in search of a solution to an end of suffering [he attained enlightenment]"
Bihar
Ayacana Sutta
near Benares
first sermon and first sangha
"Historically speaking, there are questions about this story."
"there are other stories of his life which do not exactly match"
"In other versions of his life story"
"country of Magadha where he was born"
"state of Shakya where he was born"
Suddhodana not a king redux
influence of Jain culture
penances
Jainism well established by time of Buddhist writings
24 previous Buddhas identical to Jain Tirthankaras
dialogues between Gautama Buddha and Niganthas
Prakrit terminology shared between Jainism and Buddhism
familiar terms
appeal to a broad audience
see also Earliest Buddhism
Deletions
Additions
karma is not an excuse for treating the less fortunate poorly
unsatisfactory nature of Ishvara
problem of evil
"it is better to call Buddhism agnostic"
"Karma had taken the place of God in Theravada"
"the Buddha himself is venerated like God in Mahayana"
Deletions
Additions
five precepts ↔ training rules
"Laypeople generally undertake five precepts."
"Laypeople generally undertake (at least one of) five precepts."
commandments vs. precepts
rationale for first precept
uniqueness of and rationale for fifth precept
generality of precepts
The Scripture of Brahma's Net
background of third precept
"monks and nuns of most countries [observe the patimokkha]"
"monks and nuns of the Theravada school [observe the patimokkha]"
Deletions
Additions
"The Buddha's teaching at his first sermon was that of the four noble truths."
"The Buddha taught that life was dissatisfactory because of craving, but that this condition was curable by following the Noble Eightfold Path. This teaching is called the Four Noble Truths..."
emphasis on experiential verification rather than faith
Noble Eightfold Path ↔ Three Trainings
craving causes suffering
Pratitya-samutpada → karma
Twelve Links
only nirvana can end samsara
note on translation
Deletions
Additions
"without right understanding it would not be possible to really develop the other limbs of the path"
"from very early on Buddhism took it as a basic premise that ignorance or misunderstanding was the result[?] of all evils"
"The Eightfold Path essentially consists of meditation, following the precepts, and cultivating the positive converse of the precepts..."
Threefold Path /Three Trainings
sila
Deletions
Additions
buddha in Devanagari and pronunciation
"not just a single religious leader"
"not just the historical Buddha Shakyamuni"
"...lineage of Buddhas, which stretches back into the dim recesses of the past and forward into the distant horizons of the future"
"...lineage of Buddhas, which is thought to extend beyond history into the past and into the indefinite future"
godhood in Mahayana sutras
"He claimed to be ... a teacher to guide those who choose to listen."
"He is instead dharma ... made manifest."
"A Buddha is any human being who..."
"A Buddha is anyone who..."
"fully awakened, ... transformed [beyond samsara by insight], ... and enabled to help others achieve the same enlightenment"
"fully awakened, ... liberated [from samsara], ... eradicated all negative qualites and developed all positive qualities, possibly including omniscience"
Buddhas do not claim omnipotence ; contrast with the Abrahamic God
Mahayana asserts animals can achieve enlightenment
past lives of Gautama Buddha
Tathagatagarbha Doctrine
solitary buddhas
Gautama Buddha persuaded by Indra to teach
