TYW5

TYW5
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3AL5, 3AL6
Identifiers
Aliases	TYW5, C2orf60, htRNA-yW synthesizing protein 5
External IDs	MGI: 1915986; HomoloGene: 72085; GeneCards: TYW5; OMA:TYW5 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	199,955,736 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	57,446,260 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	pancreatic epithelial cell; ; mucosa of ileum; ; tendon of biceps brachii; ; testicle; ; tibialis anterior muscle; ; internal globus pallidus; ; bone marrow; ; endothelial cell; ; right adrenal cortex; ; left adrenal gland;
	Top expressed in
	spermatocyte; ; aortic valve; ; ascending aorta; ; embryo; ; embryo; ; tail of embryo; ; epiblast; ; zygote; ; primitive streak; ; left lobe of liver;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity; iron ion binding; tRNA binding; oxidoreductase activity; protein homodimerization activity; dioxygenase activity; metal ion binding; tRNAPhe (7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)wyosine37-C2)-hydroxylase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm;
Biological process	tRNA modification; wybutosine biosynthetic process; tRNA processing;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	129450
	68736
	ENSG00000162971
	ENSMUSG00000048495
	A2RUC4
	A2RSX7
	NM_001039693; NM_152382
	NM_001037742; NM_001114102; NM_001302962; NM_001302963; NM_001302964
	NP_001034782
	NP_001032831; NP_001289891; NP_001289892; NP_001289893
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5 (TYW5) is a protein within Homo sapiens that is encoded by the TYW5 gene.^[5]^[6]

Gene

TYW5 is located on chromosome 2q33.1 on the minus strand and spans 26,579 nucleotides.^[6]

Gene Neighborhood

TYW5 is neighbored upstream by the genes C2orf69 (199,911,293 - 199,955,935) and Matrix AAA Peptidase Interacting Protein 1 (MAIP1) (199,955,317-200,008,540).^[7]

Protein

The TYW5 protein consists of 315 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 36.5 kDa. TYW5 functions as a homodimer and relies on Fe²⁺ ions as cofactors for its enzymatic activity, specifically involved in tRNA modification.^[6]^[8]

Evolution

Paralogs

There are four known paralogs to TYW5.^[6]^[9]

HSPB1 Associated Protein 1 (HSPBAP1)
Jumonji C Domain-Containing Protein 5 (JMJD5)
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha Inhibitor (HIF1AN)
Jumonji Domain-Containing Protein 7 (JMJD7)

Orthologs

TYW5 in Homo sapiens is shown to be highly conserved. It is found in many vertebrates and invertebrates, as displayed in the table 1.^[10]

Table 1: Selected Orthologs of TYW5 (C2orf60)
Genus/Species	Common Name	Class	Order	Accession Number	Sequence Length (aa)	Sequence Identity (%)	Divergence from Humans (MYA)
Homo sapiens	Human	Mammalia	Primate	NP_001034782.1	315	100%	-
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	Gorilla	Mammalia	Primate	XP_018878290.1	315	99.68%	8.6
Artibeus jamaicensis	Jamaican fruit bat	Mammalia	Chiroptera	XP_037023423.2	315	94.92%	94
Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko	River Hippopotamus	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	XP_057601540.1	315	94.57%	94
Talpa occidentalis	Spanish mole	Mammalia	Eulipotyphla	XP_037379687.1	315	94.29%	94
Panthera tigris	Tiger	Mammalia	Carnivora	XP_007094793.1	315	93.65%	94
Ictidomys tridecemlineatus	Thirteen-lined ground squirrel	Mammalia	Rodentia	XP_005340922.1	315	92.06%	87
Eschrichtius robustus	Gray whale	Mammalia	Artiodactyla	XP_068400800.1	315	86.84%	94
Alligator mississippiensis	American alligator	Reptilia	Crocodilia	KYO33633.1	315	81.90%	319
Caretta caretta	Loggerhead sea turtle	Reptilia	Testudines	XP_048726478.1	315	81.27%	319
Gavia stellata	Red-throated loon	Aves	Gaviiformes	XP_059676631.1	318	79.55%	319
Gallus gallus	Red junglefowl	Aves	Galliformes	E1C7T6.1	318	77.52%	319
Pristis pectinata	Smalltooth sawfish	Chondrichthyes	Rhinopristiformes	XP_051883094.1	316	77.20%	462
Microcaecilia unicolor	Tiny Cayenne Caecilian	Amphibia	Gymnophiona	XP_030065847.1	354	77.07%	352
Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus	Atlantic sturgeon	Actinopterygii	Acipenseriformes	KAK1165839.1	341	72.82%	429
Danio rerio	Zebrafish	Actinopterygii	Cypriniformes	NP_001071011.1	326	66.99%	429
Haliotis asinina	Ass's-Ear Abalone	Gastropoda	Lepetellida	XP_067686775.1	326	65.91%	686
Owenia fusiformis	Tubeworm	Polychaeta	Canalipalpata	CAH1788010.1	370	65.33%	686
Exaiptasia diaphana	Pale anemone	Hexacorallia	Actiniaria	XP_020892862.1	308	60.34%	685
Anabrus simplex	Mormon cricket	Insecta	Orthoptera	P_066991715.2	313	59.40%	686
Ornithodoros turicata	relapsing fever tick	Arachnida	Ixodida	XP_064459258.1	309	54.18%	686
Drosophila melanogaster	Common fruit fly	Insecta	Diptera	7YXJ_A	322	23.49%	686

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162971 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000048495 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "TYW5 tRNA-yW synthesizing protein 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "TYW5 Gene - TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5". GeneCards - The Human Gene Database. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
^ "AceView: Gene:C2orf60, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
^ Key, Jana; Sen, Nesli Ece; Arsović, Aleksandar; Krämer, Stella; Hülse, Robert; Khan, Natasha Nadeem; Meierhofer, David; Gispert, Suzana; Koepf, Gabriele; Auburger, Georg (October 2020). "Systematic Surveys of Iron Homeostasis Mechanisms Reveal Ferritin Superfamily and Nucleotide Surveillance Regulation to be Modified by PINK1 Absence". Cells. 9 (10): 2229. doi:10.3390/cells9102229. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 7650593. PMID 33023155.
^ "Gene: TYW5 (ENSG00000162971) - Paralogues - Homo_sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 113". useast.ensembl.org. Retrieved 2024-12-05.
^ "Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-18.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162971 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000048495 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "TYW5 tRNA-yW synthesizing protein 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-29.

[:0-6] "TYW5 Gene - TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5". GeneCards - The Human Gene Database. Retrieved 2024-09-29.

[7] "AceView: Gene:C2orf60, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-05.

[8] Key, Jana; Sen, Nesli Ece; Arsović, Aleksandar; Krämer, Stella; Hülse, Robert; Khan, Natasha Nadeem; Meierhofer, David; Gispert, Suzana; Koepf, Gabriele; Auburger, Georg (October 2020). "Systematic Surveys of Iron Homeostasis Mechanisms Reveal Ferritin Superfamily and Nucleotide Surveillance Regulation to be Modified by PINK1 Absence". Cells. 9 (10): 2229. doi:10.3390/cells9102229. ISSN 2073-4409. PMC 7650593. PMID 33023155.

[9] "Gene: TYW5 (ENSG00000162971) - Paralogues - Homo_sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 113". useast.ensembl.org. Retrieved 2024-12-05.

[10] "Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-18.

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