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TRML

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the air defense radar system. For the enzyme, see TRNA (cytidine34-2'-O)-methyltransferase.
Hensoldt TRML-3D/4D
Telefunken Radar Mobil Luftraumüberwachung
Country of originGermany
TypeEarly warning radar
FrequencyC band
RangeBetween 40 and 250 kilometres (25 and 155 mi), depending on variant
AltitudeBetween 0 and 40,000 metres (0 and 131,234 ft), depending on variant

The TRML (German: Telefunken Radar Mobil Luftraumüberwachung, or "Telefunken mobile airspace surveilance radar") is a family of air defense radars first developed by Telefunken and currently produced by Hensoldt. It is a development of the earlier TRMS (German: Telefunken Radar Mobil Such or "Telefunken mobile search radar").

Retractable mast versions are TRML-2D with a rotating parabolic antenna and TRML-3D with a rotating phased array antenna, designated as Nahbereichsradar (NBR) or "short range radar" by the Bundeswehr. The latest TRML-4D comes with non-retractable, rotating base active electronically scanned array (AESA) solid-state antenna.

System description

[edit]
TRML module removed from the base vehicle (MAN 10 ton)

TRML-2D was designed as an autonomous mobile command system for air defense with an integrated search radar. It can detect, identify and track aircraft at low and medium altitude, designate targets for the connected launchers and send commands to the battle management network. The range of the radar is 60 km for TRML-2D, 200 km for the TRML-3D/32,[1] and 250 km for TRML-4D.[2]

The crew shelter with integrated retractable mast is loaded onto a truck (Bundeswehr designation "Lkw 15 t mil gl BR"), but can also be dismantled to operate as a standalone trailer. A power generator is integrated on the unit. The crew consists of two or three surveillance radar operators.

The radar includes a sideband channel for detecting helicopters. This enables simultaneous action against fast, low-flying aircraft and anti-aircraft missiles as well as against extremely slow-flying targets such as hovering helicopters. The EPM (Electronic Protective Measures) equipment to protect against ECM in the Electronic Warfare and high-resolution Clutter suppression permit the detection and monitoring of even very small targets in difficult environmental conditions. TRML can feed the detected tracks into air defense combat management systems (HFLaAFüSyS 9, HEROS 2) to create more detailed picture of the airspace.

The manufacturer is the company DASA, which has been merged into EADS and has been trading under the name Airbus Defense and Space since January 2014. With the spin-off of the electronics division of Airbus Defense and Space at the end of February 2017, the company became Hensoldt.[3]

TRML 2D

[edit]
TRML-2D on the move

TRML-2D uses rotating parabolic antenna with a cosecant-square pattern, where the lower edge slightly deviating from the parabolic shape (a so-called "lower lip"). The antenna can transmit and receive linearly and circularly polarized signals. The maximum antenna height is 12 m (top edge); the antenna can also operate on the roof of the shelter. Rotation rate is 14 to 27 RPM (2.25 to 4.44 s). The IFF antenna is integrated into the primary antenna. An omnidirectional antenna element for sidelobe suppression is located above the parabolic reflector. Ro

The range is specified by the manufacturer as 46 km for targets with a radar cross-section of 1 m2 and a probability of detection of 80% up to an altitude of 6000 m. For targets with a radar cross section of 3 m2, the range is 60 km.

TRML 3D

[edit]
TRML-3D with antenna at the roof level

TRML-3D version is fitted with a 16 or 32-element passive electronically scanned array.[1] In the standard version, the antenna has linear horizontal polarization; vertical polarization is available as an option. It is mounted on a truck MAN SX45.[4] This radar entered service in 2004.[5]

TRS-3D

[edit]

The marine search radar TRS-3D was created from blocks used by the TRML-3D, the first generation of this radar is uses PESA modules.[6]

A new variant, the TRS-3D Baseline D is being used by the US Coast Guard, known locally as the AN/SPS-75 radar. It uses solid-state GaN emitters.[7]

As of 2023, more than 50 of this variant are operational.[8]

TRML-4D

[edit]
TRML-4D for IRIS-T SLM

The latest variant of the radar was presented by Hensoldt at the Eurosatory in 2018.[2][9][10] It will be delivered to customers in 2020.[11]

The radar unit includes a completely redesigned AESA antenna with solid-state GaN elements, mounted on a non-retractable continuously rotating base. The system does not include an integrated operator shelter anymore, so a separate module is needed. TRML-4D combines digital beamforming with pulse-Doppler radar to detect difficult-to-locate airborne targets such as hovering helicopters or low-flying cruise missiles. The system has increased performance compared to its predecessors and is able to track 1500 targets at a range of up to 250 km. It supports Mode 5 and Mode S identification.[2] The radar unit includes an onboard power generator and can be carried by any truck that has standard 20 ft (6.1 m) ISO container fittings.[12] Instrumented range is 250 km, can track fighter type targets more than 120 km away.[13]

The IRIS-T SLS, SLM and SLX use primarily the TRML-4D as fire control radar.

TRS-4D

[edit]

The marine version of the TRML-4D family is called TRS-4D.[14][15] Two variants of this radar exist, one in fixed panel arrays, and the other as a rotating radar.

The American variant of the TRS-4D is designated as the AN/SPS-80 and is the rotating variant.[16]

Operators of land radars

[edit]

TRML-2D

[edit]
 Germany (–)
Formerly used with a C2 center (command and control)center for the fire control of the ROLAND.

TRML-3D

[edit]

Current operators

[edit]
 Lithuania (3)
3 in service with the Lithuanian Air Force, contract signed in 2001, all delivered by August 2004.[17][18]
 Malaysia (2)
2 radars ordered in December 2005, and delivered by 2008.[19] The contract included an option for 8 additional radars to be ordered in 2006, but it was not exercised.[20]
 Netherlands (5)
The Royal Netherlands Army operates 5 TRML-3D/32 with the NASAMS 2 air defence system as part of the AGBADS (Army Ground-based Air Defence System), those are used as air-surveillance radars.[21][22][23]
 Oman (1)
Radar operated by the Royal Guard of Oman. It is used as a fire control radar for the MICA VL air defence system, tested in 2012.[24]
 Thailand (3)
The radar is being operated by the Royal Thai Army with its MICA VL air defence system.[25] The first 2 radars were ordered in 2014.[26] The third radar was ordered in 2020, for a delivery by 2022.[5] The variant used is the TRML-3D/32-6.[27]

TRML-4D

[edit]
 Egypt (23)
Orders:
  • 7 ordered with IRIS-T SLM ground-based air defense systems in 2018.[28]
  • 10 ordered with IRIS-T SLX approved in December 2021
  • 6 ordered with IRIS-T SLS [29][30]
 Estonia
Order
  • Unknown number ordered with IRIS-T SLM in 2023 [31][32]
 Germany (1 delivered, 5 more on order, 2 in option)
Order (6)
  • 6 ordered with IRIS-T SLM in July 2023 [33]
Options (2)
  • 2 additional to be ordered with the additional IRIS-T SLM planned [34]
As of August 2024, one battery has been delivered with its radar.[35]
 Latvia
Order
  • Unknown number ordered with IRIS-T SLM in 2023 [31][32]
 Slovenia
Order (2)
  • 2 ordered with IRIS-T SLM in July 2023 [36]

 Ukraine (13 in service, 9 more on order)

Orders (22)
  • 4 ordered in October 2022 [37]
  • 2 ordered in January 2023 [38]
  • 6 ordered in May 2023 (€100 million) [39]
  • 4 ordered in June 2023 [40]
  • 6 ordered in May 2024 [41]
Deliveries (13)
  • 13 TRML-4D delivered as of September 2024.[42]

Potential sales TRML-4D

[edit]
 Austria (8)
8 IRIS-T fire units with 3 launchers each are to be purchased by Austria. It will include IRIS-T SLM and SLS batteries. The decision for this system was announced in September 2023.[43]
 Bulgaria (1 + 6)
The Bulgarian parliament approved the purchase of 1 fire unit of the IRIS-T SLM for the Bulgarian Air Force in August 2024.[44] The TRML-4D is the likely radar, but not confirmed yet.
An option for up to 5 IRIS-T SLM and 1 IRIS-T SLX fire units is available until 2032.[44]
 Romania (up to 41)
The Romanian armed forces are looking for up to 41 short-range air-defence systems, among the competitors are the IRIS-T SLS and IRIS-T SLM, but also the VL MICA, all of which could be using the TRML-4D.[45]
 Lithuania
On 21 May 2024, in the meeting with Germany Federal Ministry of Defence Boris Pistorius, the Ministry of National Defence Laurynas Kasčiūnas said that Lithuania was considering purchasing IRIS-T medium-range air defense system.[46]
  Switzerland
Pre-selected
  • As part of the programme BODLUV-MR, Diehl was the only company offering a short-range air defence system with the IRIS-T SLM. Armasuisse will now initiate the negotiations with Diehl for the purchase of an unknown number of systems which are to be financed with the 2025 Armament Programme.[47]

Operators of naval radars

[edit]

TRS-3D

[edit]

Current operators

[edit]
 Denmark (1 operational, 3 retired)
 Finland (7 operational)
Finnish Navy:
Finnish Coast Guard:
 Germany (5 operational, 8 retired)
 Malaysia (6 operational)
6 TRS-3D/16 ES operated on the Kedah class OPV (a MEKO 100 RMN).
 Norway (5 operational, 2 retired)
Radar used on two ships of the Norwegian Naval Forces:
Royal Norwegian Navy:
Norwegian Coast Guard:
 Portugal (4 operational, 2 spare)
6 TRS-3D/16 that equip the 6 ships of the Flyvefisken class (SF300 – Serie 2) sold by the Danish Navy to the Portuguese Navy.The Portuguese uses four ships as patrol ships, they class was renamed Tejo class, and 2 were retired for spare parts.[48]
 Spain (2)
2 TRS-3D/16 installed on the Galicia class amphibious transport dock of the Spanish Navy.[60]
 United States (13)
Used on several ships of the US Armed Forces:

TRS-4D

[edit]

Current operators

[edit]
 Germany (7 rotating + 41 fixed planar arrays radars)
Ordered and in service with the German Navy:
  • 5 rotating TRS-4D ordered in February 2019 to equip the Braunschweig class corvettes (K130 - Batch 2).[62]
  • 2 rotating TRS-4D ordered in February 2019 for land based systems (training).[62]
  • 16 fixed planar arrays TRS-4D used on the 4 Baden-Württemberg class (F125).[63]
  • 16 fixed planar arrays TRS-4D to equip the Niedersachsen class frigates (F126) ordered in 2022.[64]
  • 1 fixed planar arrays TRS-4D to equip the test center ordered in 2022.[64]
  • 8 fixed planar arrays TRS-4D to equip the two additional Niedersachsen class frigates (F126) ordered in August 2024.[64]
 United States (8 rotating radars)
8 rotating TRS-4D (AN/SPS-80) ordered for the Freedom-class LCS (Littoral combat ship) and the first were installed in 2019.[16]
 Chile (3 rotating radars)
3 rotating TRS-4D installed on the modernised c (former Type 23 frigates).[65]
Future operators
 Brazil (4 rotating radars ordered + 4 planned)
4 rotating TRS-4D ordered for the Brazilian Navy Tamandaré class based on the MEKO A-100 family of warships. 4 additional ships of this class are planned in the future.[66] The ships are in construction, the first was launched in August 2024.[67]
 Saudi Arabia (4 rotating radars)
4 rotating TRS-4D (AN/SPS-80) ordered for the 4 Freedom-class LCS (Littoral combat ship) ordered by the Royal Saudi Navy.[68]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "TRML-3D/32 - Mobile Air Surveillance and Defence Radar | HENSOLDT".
  2. ^ a b c "TRML-4D - Multi-Functional Air Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar System | HENSOLDT".
  3. ^ "Who we are : HENSOLDT". Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  4. ^ "TRML-3D/32 - Mobile Air Surveillance and Defence Radar | HENSOLDT". www.hensoldt.net. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  5. ^ a b Chivukula, Kavya (2020-10-23). "Hensoldt to deliver TRML-3D radar to Royal Thai Army". Army Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  6. ^ "TRS-3D - Naval 3D Multi-Mode Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar" (PDF).
  7. ^ a b Bahtić, Fatima (2023-09-26). "Hensoldt's TRS-3D multi-mode naval radar for USCG's cutters". Naval Today. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  8. ^ a b "HENSOLDT provides US Coast Guard with naval radars". www.hensoldt.net. 2023-09-25. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  9. ^ "Hensoldt presenting TRML- 4D multi-function air surveillance and target acquisition radar | Defense News May 2021 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army year 2021 | Archive News year".
  10. ^ "HENSOLDT presents new ground-based Air Defence Radar". 19 June 2018.
  11. ^ "EUROSATORY 2018: HENSOLDT DETAILS TRML-4D". Archived from the original on 2019-07-04.
  12. ^ "TRML 4D – Multi-Functional Air Surveillance & Target Acquisition Radar". YouTube. 23 June 2021.
  13. ^ "EUROSATORY 2018: HENSOLDT DETAILS TRML-4D". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-04.
  14. ^ "Multi-Functional Air Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar System". Hensoldt. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  15. ^ "HENSOLDT apresenta o radar de defesa aérea 3D TRML-4D". eb.mil.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  16. ^ a b Gain, Nathan (2019-08-23). "US Navy LCS vessels now operate Hensoldt TRS-4D naval radar". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  17. ^ OuinetAdmin (2004-08-17). "EADS Delivers Radar System to Lithuania (Aug. 18)". Defense aerospace. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  18. ^ "Appendix 10B. Register of transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons" (PDF). www.sipri.org. 2004.
  19. ^ "MALAYSIAN MOD ORDERS EADS RADAR SYSTEM | Microwave Journal". www.microwavejournal.com. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  20. ^ OuinetAdmin (2005-12-06). "Malaysia Orders EADS Radar (Dec 7)". Defense aerospace. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  21. ^ Defensie, Ministerie van (2023-05-04). "Army Ground Based Air Defence System - Materieel - Defensie.nl". www.defensie.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  22. ^ OuinetAdmin (2005-03-09). "EADS Wins Dutch Air Defense Contract (Mar. 10)". Defense aerospace. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  23. ^ admin (2006-12-08). "Dutch Army Launches Air Defense Modernization Project - Defense Update". Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  24. ^ "Royal Guard of Oman carries out first operational firing od MBDA's VL MICA system | Press Release". MBDA. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  25. ^ "HENSOLDT delivers TRML-3D to Royal Thai Army". www.hensoldt.net. 2020-10-22. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  26. ^ "Thai army unveils VL MICA air defence system | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  27. ^ Chen, Chuanren (January 18, 2018). "Thai Army Boosts Air Defense Missile Capability | AIN". Aviation International News. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  28. ^ "Federal Government approves arms exports to Gulf States". Rheinische Post. 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  29. ^ "New German-made IRIS-T SLM air defense missile system of Egypt armed forces – Polygonjournal.com". polygonjournal.com. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  30. ^ Gebauer, Matthias; Schult, Christoph (2021-12-15). "Ägypten: GroKo genehmigte noch kurz vor Regierungswechsel heiklen Waffenexport". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  31. ^ a b "Latvia and Estonia purchase IRIS-T SLM anti-aircraft missile systems". ВПК.name. 2023-09-14. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  32. ^ a b "Estonia and Latvia to jointly buy IRIS-T SLM air defence system". 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  33. ^ Macey, Joseph (2023-07-19). "Hensoldt to Provide German Armed Forces with TRML-4D Radars". Defense Advancement. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  34. ^ "Germany plans to buy eight IRIS-T air defence systems for its military - document". Reuters. 2023-02-01.
  35. ^ "Bundeswehr erhält diesen Sommer erste IRIS-T SLM" (in German). 2024-01-19. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  36. ^ "Air defence: Slovenia plans to acquire IRIS-T SLM system". 2023-07-17. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  37. ^ "Hensoldt delivers air defence radars for Ukraine in record time". 20 October 2022.
  38. ^ "HENSOLDT delivers more air surveillance radars to Ukraine". www.hensoldt.net. 2023-01-18. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  39. ^ "Ukraine conflict: Ukraine to receive additional air-defence radars". Janes.com. 17 May 2023. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  40. ^ "Ukraine conflict: Hensoldt to deliver additional radars to Ukraine". Janes.com. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  41. ^ "Hensoldt to send more TRML-4D radars to Ukraine | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  42. ^ "Military support for Ukraine | Federal Government". Website of the Federal Government | Bundesregierung. 2024-09-19. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  43. ^ "Sicherheit: Österreich kauft Raketenwerfer - Zur Sache". zur-sache.at (in Austrian German). 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2024-05-16.
  44. ^ a b "Bulgaria approves purchase of IRIS-T SLM". Default. 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  45. ^ "Achiziție militară majoră: România lansează o licitație de circa 2 mld euro pentru sisteme antiaeriene pe rază scurtă și foarte scurtă (VSHORAD / SHORAD)". Hot News (in Romanian). 17 November 2023.
  46. ^ Radvilė Rumšienė (21 May 2024). "Po Kasčiūno ir Pistoriuso susitikimo – Lietuvos svarstymas įsigyti oro gynybos sistemas". Lithuanian National Radio and Television (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  47. ^ "Medium-range ground-based air defence – Kongsberg and MBDA will not submit offers".
  48. ^ a b "Flyvefisken Class (SF 300)". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  49. ^ "TRS-3D - Radartutorial".
  50. ^ "cmano-db.com". cmano-db.com. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  51. ^ "Hamina Class". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  52. ^ "Hamina class Fast Attack Missile Craft FACM Finnish Navy". www.seaforces.org. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  53. ^ "Hameenmaa Class". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  54. ^ "Turva - Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) - Homelandsecurity Technology". www.homelandsecurity-technology.com. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  55. ^ "Bremen-Klasse F122". www.bundeswehr.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  56. ^ Hemanth (2019-08-01). "Hensoldt to supply radars for second batch of German K130 corvettes". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  57. ^ a b admin (2012-08-12). "Cassidian to install TRS-3D naval radar on new Finnish OPV". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  58. ^ a b "Hensoldt to provide updated TRS-3D radars for new Norwegian Coast Guard ships". Default. 2019-01-24. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  59. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (2019-08-16). "HENSOLDT delivers TRS-3D Radar & IFF system to Norwegian Coast Guard". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  60. ^ "Galicia Class Logistic Support Ships". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  61. ^ "TRS-4D AESA radar accepted by US Navy". Default. 2019-08-26. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  62. ^ a b Hemanth (2019-02-18). "Hensoldt wins naval radar systems contract for Germany's K130 corvettes". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  63. ^ "HENSOLDT TRS-4D Rotator For German Corvettes". Joint Forces News. 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  64. ^ a b c Staff, Naval News (2024-08-19). "Hensoldt receives order for further TRS-4D radars for German Navy F126 frigates". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  65. ^ Redacción (2024-04-02). "The Chilean Navy celebrated a new anniversary of the incorporation of the Type 23 Frigate "Almirante Lynch"". Zona Militar. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  66. ^ "Tamandare-Class Frigates, Brazil". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  67. ^ Salerno-Garthwaite, Andrew (2024-08-12). "Brazil launches first in class F200 Tamandaré frigate". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
  68. ^ Electronics, Military and Aerospace (2022-01-11). "Saudi Arabia Bought Four Littoral Combat Ships from the United States". The National Interest. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
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