Synthetoceratinae
| Synthetoceratinae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | †Protoceratidae |
| Subfamily: | †Synthetoceratinae Frick (1937) |
| Tribes and Genera | |
Synthetoceratinae is an extinct subfamily of Protoceratidae, deer-like herbivorous mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla. They were endemic to North America during the Miocene epoch, living 23.03—3.9 Ma, existing for approximately 19.13 million years.[1]
Taxonomy
[edit]Synthetoceratinae was named by Frick (1937). Its type genus is Synthetoceras. It was considered monophyletic by Webb et al. (2003). It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998),[2] Webb et al. (2003),[3] Hulbert and Whitmore (2006)[4] and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).[5]
Tribes
[edit]Synthetoceratinae contains the tribes Kyptoceratini and Synthetoceratini.[2][3][5]
- Tribe Kyptoceratini
- Genus Kyptoceras
- Genus Syndyoceras
- Tribe Synthetoceratini
- Genus Lambdoceras
- Genus Prosynthetoceras
- Genus Synthetoceras
References
[edit]- ^ "PaleoBiology Database: Synthetoceratinae, basic info". PaleoBiology Database.
Age range: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Piacenzian or 23.03000 to 2.58800 Ma
- ^ a b D. R. Prothero. 1998. Protoceratidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America 431-438
- ^ a b S. D. Webb, B. L. Beatty, and G. Poinar, Jr. 2003. New evidence of Miocene Protoceratidae including a new species from Chiapas, Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279:348-367
- ^ R. C. Hulbert and F. C. Whitmore. 2006. Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 46(1):1-28
- ^ a b D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176