Stigmella oriastra
| Stigmella oriastra | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nepticulidae |
| Genus: | Stigmella |
| Species: | S. oriastra
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| Binomial name | |
| Stigmella oriastra (Meyrick, 1917)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Stigmella oriastra is a moth of the family Nepticulidae.[2] This species was first described by Edward Meyrick. It is endemic to New Zealand and is found in the South Island. The larva are leaf miners of Celmisia species, including Celmisia coriacea and Celmisia densiflora. They have been recorded in February, April and May. Adults are on the wing in January and from October to December. Adults run and takes rapid short flights. There is likely one generation per year.
Taxonomy
[edit]This species was originally described by Edward Meyrick in 1917 using two specimens collected at Ōtira Gorge by Stella Hudson on scree on the eastern side of the gorge and originally named Nepticula oriastra.[3] In 1928 George Hudson discussed and illustrated that species under the name Nepticula oriastra in his book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand.[4] In 1988 John S. Dugdale placed Nepticula oriastra in the genus Stigmella.[1] In 1989 Hans Donner and Christopher Wilkinson agreed with this placement in their monograph on New Zealand Nepticulidae.[5] This placement was again confirmed in a 2016 revision of the global species placed in the family Nepticulidae.[2] The female lectotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[1]
Description
[edit]
Larvae are 3–4 mm long and pale yellow.[5] The mine is a narrow and initially forms a circular pattern and then a linear pattern. Frass can be seen in the middle of the mine.[5] The cocoon is buff and spun among debris on the ground.[5]
Meyrick described the female adult of this species as follows:
♀. 6 mm. Head, antennae, thorax, and abdomen ochreous- white. Forewings lanceolate; ochreous-white; a small black dot on fold before 1⁄3 of wing; apical third of wing blackish : cilia ochreous-white, base dark grey. Hindwings and cilia whitish.[3]
The shining white appearance of this species is distinctive.[5]
Distribution
[edit]This species is endemic to New Zealand.[6][7] It has been observed in the South Island.[4]
Habitat and host species
[edit]
This species inhabits montane to subalpine grassland.[5] The larvae feed on Celmisia species, including Celmisia coriacea and Celmisia densiflora.[8][9] They mine the leaves of their host plant.[5]
Behaviour
[edit]Larva have been recorded in February, April and May.[5] Adults have been recorded in January and from October to December. There is probably one generation per year.[5] Adults of this species run and takes short flights with extreme rapidity.[4]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c Dugdale , J. S. (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 54. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN 0111-5383. Wikidata Q45083134.
- ^ a b van Nieukerken, Erik; Doorenweerd, Camiel; Hoare, Robert; Davis, Donald (2016-10-31). "Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea)". ZooKeys (628): 65–246. doi:10.3897/zookeys.628.9799. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 5126388. PMID 27917038.
- ^ a b E. Meyrick (20 December 1917). "Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 49: 247. ISSN 1176-6158. Wikidata Q109822626. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c Hudson, G. V. (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 356, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hans Donner; Christopher Wilkinson (28 April 1989). "Nepticulidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera)". Fauna of New Zealand. 16. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 31. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.16. ISSN 0111-5383. OCLC 924829916. Wikidata Q45079930.
- ^ "Stigmella oriastra (Meyrick, 1917)". www.nzor.org.nz. Archived from the original on 2024-12-19. Retrieved 2024-12-31.
- ^ Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 461. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC 973607714. OL 25288394M. Wikidata Q45922947.
- ^ "PlantSynz - Invertebrate herbivore biodiversity assessment tool: Database". plant-synz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 2018-07-12.
- ^ Brian H. Patrick (1991). "Insects of the Dansey Ecological District" (PDF). Science & Research Series. 32: 14. ISSN 0113-3713. OCLC 154612987. Wikidata Q110318301. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2021.