Stenaelurillus pilosus
| Stenaelurillus pilosus | |
|---|---|
| |
| The related Stenaelurillus albus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | Stenaelurillus |
| Species: | S. pilosus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Stenaelurillus pilosus Wesołowska & A. Russell-Smith, 2011
| |
Stenaelurillus pilosus is a species of jumping spider in the genus Stenaelurillus that is endemic to Nigeria. It was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith. The spider is medium-sized, with a brown carapace between 2.6 and 2.8 mm (0.10 and 0.11 in) in length and an abdomen between 2.3 and 3.6 mm (0.091 and 0.142 in) in length. It can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the dark brown band on its clypeus, the distinctive long orangish-brown hairs on its black eye field, the male's straight embolus and the presence of two fissure-like openings in the epigyne on the female.
Taxonomy
[edit]Stenaelurillus pilosus was first described by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2011.[1] It is one of over 500 species identified by the Polish arachnologist Wesołowska.[2] The genus Stenaelurillus was first raised by Eugène Simon in 1886.[3] The name relates to the genus name Aelurillus, which itself derives from the Greek word for cat, with the addition of a Greek stem meaning narrow.[4]It has been placed in the subtribe Aelurillina in the tribe Aelurillini by Wayne Maddison in 2015, which is itself part of the clade Saltafresia.[5] It was subsequently grouped with nine other genera of jumping spiders under the name Aelurillines two years later.[6] The species name relates to the long bristles on the outside of the carapace on the male of the species.[7]
Description
[edit]The spider is medium sized. The male has a cephalothorax that measures between 2.6 mm (0.10 in) in length and 2.1 mm (0.083 in) in width. It has a brown pear-shaped carapace which is edged with dark iridescent bristles.[7] It has two stripes of white scales that run down the thorax. The abdomen is oval, black-brown, 2.3 and 2.6 mm (0.091 and 0.102 in) long and 1.65 and 2.0 mm (0.065 and 0.079 in) wide.[8] The shape of the abdomen differs from other species of Stenaelurillus, which are typically oblong.[9] The eye field is black, with distinctive long orangish brown hairs.[10] The spinnerets are brown and the legs are yellow.[11] The palpal bulb is similar to Stenaelurillus hirsutus, Stenaelurillus glaber and Stenaelurillus striolatus.[12][13] However, the embolus is distinct as it is straight.[14] The spider can also be distinguished from these species by the fact that the clypeus has a dark brown band.[15]
The female is similar in size to the male, with a cephalothorax 2.6 and 2.8 mm (0.10 and 0.11 in) long and 2.0 mm (0.079 in) wide and an abdomen 3.4 and 3.6 mm (0.13 and 0.14 in) long and 2.7 and 2.8 mm (0.11 and 0.11 in) wide.The carapace is similar to the male, but the abdomen is brown with an indistinct pattern of three spots and two lines. The epigyne has two fissure-like openings.[14] It has a narrow shallow pocket and copulatory openings that are widely separated slits.[11] These features of the epigyne distinguish it from other spiders.[16] Otherwise, the spider is very similar to Stenaelurillus iubatus, with one of the original examples of Stenaelurillus pilosus later being recognised as a paratype of the other species.[10]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The species is endemic to Nigeria.[17] The holotype for the species was collected near Ibadan in 1973 along with other examples that were living nearby. The spider has been found in both fallow bush and on roadside verges.[18]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ World Spider Catalog (2017). "Stenaelurillus pilosus Wesolowska & A. Russell-Smith, 2011". World Spider Catalog. 18.0. Bern: Natural History Museum. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
- ^ Wiśniewski 2020, p. 6.
- ^ Logunov 2020, p. 202.
- ^ Fernández-Rubio 2013, p. 125.
- ^ Maddison 2015, p. 279.
- ^ Prószyński 2017, p. 95.
- ^ a b Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2011, p. 596.
- ^ Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 64.
- ^ Dippenaar-Schoeman 2014, p. 219.
- ^ a b Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 62.
- ^ a b Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 65.
- ^ Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2011, p. 598.
- ^ Wesołowska 2014, p. 604.
- ^ a b Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2011, p. 597.
- ^ Logunov & Azarkina 2018, p. 41.
- ^ Wesołowska 2014, p. 620.
- ^ Wesołowska 2014, p. 597.
- ^ Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2011, p. 595.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dippenaar-Schoeman, Ansie (2014). Field Guide to South African Spiders. Pretoria: LAPA Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7993-6018-9.
- Fernández-Rubio, Fidel (2013). "La etimología de los nombres de las arañas (Araneae)" [The etymology of the names of spiders (Araneae)]. Revista ibérica de Aracnología (in Spanish) (22): 125–130. ISSN 1576-9518.
- Logunov, Dmitri V. (2020). "Further notes on the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885 from India (Araneae: Salticidae)". Zootaxa. 4899 (1): 201–214. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.11. PMID 33756833. S2CID 232339218.
- Logunov, Dmitri V.; Azarkina, Galina N. (2018). "Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae)". European Journal of Taxonomy (430): 1–126. doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.430.
- Maddison, Wayne P. (2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". The Journal of Arachnology. 43 (3): 231–292. doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292. S2CID 85680279.
- Prószyński, Jerzy (2017). "Pragmatic classification of the World's Salticidae (Araneae)". Ecologica Montenegrina. 12: 1–133. doi:10.37828/em.2017.12.1.
- Wesołowska, Wanda (2014). "Further notes on the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Salticidae) in Africa with descriptions of eight new species". Zoosystema. 36 (3): 595–622. doi:10.5252/z2014n3a3. S2CID 86684221. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
- Wesołowska, Wanda; Russell-Smith, Anthony (2011). "Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Southern Nigeria". Annales Zoologici. 63 (3): 553–561. doi:10.3161/000345411X603409. S2CID 83517018. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
- Wiśniewski, Konrad (2020). "Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska". Zootaxa. 4899 (1): 5–14. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.3. PMID 33756825. S2CID 232337200.