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Vasishthiputra Pulumavi

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Vasishthiputra Pulumavi

Bilingual coinage of Sri Vasishthiputra Pulumavi in Prakrit and Dravidian, and transcription of the obverse Prakrit legend.

Obverse: Portrait of the king. Legend in Prakrit in the Brahmi script (starting at 12 o'clock):
𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲
Raño Vāsiṭhiputasa Siri-Puḷumāvisa
"Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi"

Reverse: Ujjain and arched-hill symbols. Legend in Dravidian (close to Telugu and Tamil),[1] and the Dravidian script,[1] similar to the Brahmi script[2] (starting at 12 o'clock):
𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀣𑀺 𑀫𑀸𑀓𑀡𑀓𑀼 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀼 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀓𑀼
Arahaṇaku Vāhitti Mākaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku[3]
or: Aracanaku Vācitti Makaṇaku Tiru Pulumāviku[4]
"Of King Tiru Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi"[2]
Satavahana King
Reignc. 85–125 CE
PredecessorGautamiputra Satakarni
SuccessorVashishtiputra Satakarni
DynastySatavahana
FatherGautamiputra Satakarni
ReligionBuddhism

Vasishthiputra Pulumavi (Brahmi: 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺, Vāsiṭhiputa Puḷumāvi, IAST: Vāsiṣṭhiputra Śrī Pulumāvi) was a Satavahana king, and the son of Gautamiputra Satakarni.[5] The new consensus for his reign is c. 85-125 CE,[6][7][8] although it was earlier dated variously: 110–138 CE[9] or 130–159 CE.[10] He is also referred to as Vasishthiputra Sri Pulumavi. Ptolemy, the second century writer, refers to Pulumavi as Siriptolemaios, a contemporary of the Western satrap, Chastana.[11]

He is said to be the first Satavahana king to rule from Dhanyakataka, now Dharanikota in Andhra Pradesh,[12] while some note his capital as Paithan.[13]

Coinage

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Some of the lead coins of Pulumavi depict two-masted Indian ships, a testimony to the seafaring and trading capabilities of the Satavahanas during the 1st-2nd century CE. During his rule, Gautami Balasri, the mother of Gautamiputra Satakarni, laid an inscription at Nashik. Pulumavi was succeeded by his younger brother Vashishtiputra Satakarni.[14]

  • Coinage of Vashishthiputra Sri Pulumavi, with Prakrit legend in the Brahmi script (starting at 12 o'clock): 𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲 Raño Vāsiṭhiputasa Siri-Puḷumāvisa "Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi".
    Coinage of Vashishthiputra Sri Pulumavi, with Prakrit legend in the Brahmi script (starting at 12 o'clock):
    𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲
    Raño Vāsiṭhiputasa Siri-Puḷumāvisa
    "Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi".
  • Indian ship on lead coin of Vasishthiputra Pulumavi.
    Indian ship on lead coin of Vasishthiputra Pulumavi.
  • Coinage of Vashishthiputra Sri Pulumavi, with Prakrit legend in the Brahmi script (starting at 12 o'clock): 𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢(𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼)𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲 Raño Vāsiṭhiputa(sa Siri-Pu)ḷumāvisa "Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi".
    Coinage of Vashishthiputra Sri Pulumavi, with Prakrit legend in the Brahmi script (starting at 12 o'clock):
    𑀭𑀜𑁄 𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀣𑀺𑀧𑀼𑀢(𑀲 𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀺 𑀧𑀼)𑀎𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀲
    Raño Vāsiṭhiputa(sa Siri-Pu)ḷumāvisa
    "Of King Lord Pulumavi, son of Vasishthi".

Nashik Pandavleni Caves

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Near Nashik, Cave No.3 of Pandavleni Caves was built by Queen Gotami Balasiri during the reign of Pulumavi, and also received a dedication by Sri Pulumavi himself. The cave was dedicated to the Samgha.[15] Based on inscription no. 3, the mountain on which the caves are present was known as Mount Tiranhu during the time of Sri Pulumavi and the area around Nashik caves was known as Sudasana, which was a part of district/province known as Govardhana.

Cave No.3, Pandavleni Caves
One long inscription (inscription No.2) in the 19th year of Satavahana king Sri Pulumavi (2nd century CE), explaining that Queen Gotami Balasiri, mother of glorious king Gotamiputra, caused this cave to be built and gave it to the Samgha.[15] There is also another long inscription (inscription No.3) by Sri Pulumavi himself, also in the 22nd year of his reign.[15]
  • Cave 3, exterior
    Cave 3, exterior
  • Cave 3, pillars
    Cave 3, pillars
  • Interior
    Interior
  • Dvarapala
    Dvarapala
  • Chaitya relief
    Chaitya relief
Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi
Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.3 (reign of Sri Pulumavi)
Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Nasik cave No.3.

" Success ! The lord of Navanara, Siri-Pulumavi Vasithiputa, commands Sivakhandila, the officer at Govadhana: The village of Sudisana here in the Govadhana district on the Southern road, which by us, in the 19th year, on the 13th day of the 2nd fortnight of summer, , . . . . by the Samanas of Dhanamkata who [dwell] here on mount Tiranhu ......, has been given to be owned by the Bhikshus of that fraternity, the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated, - in exchange for this gift, -the village of Sudasana,- we give the village of Samalipada, here in the Govadhana district on the Eastern road; and this village of Samalipada, .......by the Maha-Aryaka, you must deliver to be owned by the Bhikshus of the school of the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated; and to this village of Samalipada we grant the immunity belonging to monk's land, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, (in short) to enjoy all kinds of immunities. With all these immunities you must invest it; and this donation of the village of Samalipada and the immunities take care to have registered here at Sudasana. And by the (officers) entrusted with the abrogation of the (previous) donation of the Sudasana village it has been ordered. Written by the Mahdsendpati Medhnna ....., kept (?) by the ....... of deeds (?). The deed was delivered in the year 22, the 7th day of the . . fortnight of summer; executed by .... . (?). With a view for the well-being of the inhabitants of Govadhana, Vinhupala proclaims the praise of the Lord: Obeisance to the Being exalted in perfection and majesty, the excellent Jina, the Buddha."

— Nasik Caves inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Cave No.3[16]

Karla caves inscription

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Main article: Karla Caves
Vasishthiputra Pulumavi inscription
Karla inscription of Vasishthiputra Pulumavi, left of the main entrance

On the lintel to the left of the main entrance to the Great Chaitya at Karla Caves, facing the inscription of Nahapana and posterior to it by a generation, there is also an inscription by Satavahana ruler Sri Pulumayi, that is, Vasishthiputra Pulumavi:[17]

In the seventh year of the king Sri Pulamavi, son of Vasithi, in the fifth fortnight of summer, on the first day, on the above, by the Maharathi Somadeva son of Vasithi, the son of the Maharathi Mitradeva son of Kosiki, of the Okhalakiyas, there was given to the community of Valuraka, of the Valuraka caves, a village with its taxes ordinary and extraordinary, with its income fixed or proportional.

— Inscription 14 of Sri Pulumavi.[18][17]

References

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Satavahana kings
100 BCE–2nd c. CE
Simuka100-70 BCE
Kanha70-60 BCE
Satakarni I70-60 BCE
Satakarni II50-25 BCE
Sivasvati1st c. CE
Gautamiputra Satakarni2nd c. CE
Vasishthiputra Pulumavi2nd c. CE
Vashishtiputra Satakarni2nd c. CE
Shivaskanda Satakarni2nd c. CE
Yajna Sri Satakarni2nd c. CE
  1. ^ a b Sircar, D. C. (2008). Studies in Indian Coins. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 9788120829732.
  2. ^ a b "The Sātavāhana issues are uniscriptural, Brahmi but bilingual, Prākrit and Telugu." in Epigraphia Andhrica. 1975. p. x.
  3. ^ Epigraphia Āndhrica. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1969. p. XV.
  4. ^ Nākacāmi, Irāmaccantiran̲; Nagaswamy, R. (1981). Tamil Coins: A Study. Institute of Epigraphy, Tamilnadu State Department of Archaeology. p. 132.
  5. ^ Singh, Upinder (2008). A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 381. ISBN 9788131711200. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  6. ^ Bhandare, Shailendra, (1999). Historical Analysis of the Satavahana Era: A study of Coins, University of Mumbai, pp. 168-178.
  7. ^ Shimada, Akira, (2012). Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great Stupa at Amaravati (ca 300 BCE - 300 CE), Brill, p. 52.
  8. ^ von Hinuber, Oskar, (2016). "Buddhist Texts and Buddhist Images: New Evidence from Kanaganahalli (Karnataka/India)", ARIRIAB Vol. XIX (March 2016), p. 15.
  9. ^ Carla M. Sinopoli (2001). "On the edge of empire: form and substance in the Satavahana dynasty". In Susan E. Alcock (ed.). Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–168. ISBN 9780521770200.
  10. ^ Susan L. Huntington (1 January 1984). The "Pāla-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. p. 175. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
  11. ^ "According to Ptolemy, Siriptolemaios (Sri Pulumayi), son of Gautamiputra Satakarni, continued to reign at Paithan (Pratisthana), while Ozene (Ujjain) fell into the hands of Tiasthenes (Chastana)." Alain Danielou, A Brief History of India (Inner Traditions, 2003), mentioned here
  12. ^ H. Sarkar; S. P. Nainar (2007). Amaravati (5th ed.). Archaeological Survey of India. p. 8.
  13. ^ Alcock, Susan E.; Alcock, John H. D'Arms Collegiate Professor of Classical Archaeology and Classics and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor Susan E.; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001). Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780521770200.
  14. ^ Rao 1994, p. 14.
  15. ^ a b c Epigraphia Indica p.60ff
  16. ^ Epigraphia Indica p.66-67
  17. ^ a b Senart, E. EPIGRAPHIA INDICA VOL 7 (in Portuguese). MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS, DELHI. pp. 61–62.
  18. ^ Royal patronage of Buddhism in ancient India, by Kanai Lal Hazra - 1984 - Page 176
Preceded by Satavahana ruler
2nd century CE 		Succeeded by

Rao (1994), History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the Earliest times to the present day, Sterling publishers, ISBN 81-207-1719-8

Book sources

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