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Speed (1936 film)

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Speed
1936 movie herald, Tagline: Romance at 300 miles per hour!
Directed byEdwin L. Marin
Written by
  • Michael Fessier
  • Milton Krims (story)
  • Lawrence P. Bachman (story) (as Larry Bachman)
Produced byLucien Hubbard
Starring
CinematographyLester White
Edited byBen Lewis
Music byEdward Ward
Production
company
Distributed byLoew's Inc.
Release date
  • May 8, 1936 (1936-05-08)
Running time
65 (alternately 70, 72) minutes (Black and white)
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish

Speed is a 1936 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer action film directed by Edwin L. Marin. It starred James Stewart, in his first starring role, and Wendy Barrie. Although only a low-budget "B" movie, the film was notable for its realistic cinematography by Lester White, incorporating scenes from the Indianapolis 500 race and on-location shooting at the Muroc dry lake bed, used for high-speed racing by "hot rodders" in the 1930s.[1] Advance publicity trumpeted that Stewart drove the specially-prepared "Falcon" to 140 mph (230 km/h).[2]

Plot

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Wendy Barrie and James Stewart

Auto mechanic Terry Martin, the chief car tester for Emery Motors in Detroit, is working on his own time to perfect a revolutionary design for a new carburetor. Automotive engineer Frank Lawson is a rival for the attention of Jane Mitchell, who has just been hired to work in the publicity department. Terry has little formal education and resents inferences that his knowledge of cars is inferior to that of the trained Lawson. He nearly loses his job when he makes a jealous spectacle of himself at a company dinner dance that Jane attends with Frank.

Working out the bugs of the new carburetor proves to be troublesome for Terry and his fellow in-car riding mechanic "Gadget" Haggerty. Jane, attracted to Terry despite his "inferiority complex", arranges with company vice president Mr. Dean to have the work financed by Emery, on the condition that Frank be added to the team. Their car races in the Indianapolis 500 to test the carburetor despite Terry's hunch that something is still wrong with it. Fighting for the lead, it ends up crashing, injuring Terry and nearly killing Gadget. Terry blames Frank, who insisted the car was ready, until Jane reveals she pulled strings to have Frank included in the project. Thinking that she loves Frank and wanted him to get all the credit for success, Terry angrily sends her away.

While Terry is recovering from his injury, Jane goes to bat for him. Emery's board of trustees have suspended further financing for the carburetor, but Jane gets their decision reversed, since she is secretly Jane Emery, the niece and heiress of the company's owner. In a new car designed to make a world speed record at the Muroc Dry Lake in California, Terry proves that his design works but nearly loses his life in the attempt. When a fuel pipe cracks, choking fumes are funneled into the cockpit causing the record run to end prematurely. Terry is severely injured. With only minutes to save his life, Frank places him in the car and drives it to the Muroc hospital at high speed, completing the world record run in the process. Terry is finally vindicated and wins the girl as well.

Cast

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As appearing in screen credits (main roles identified):[3]

James Stewart and Wendy Barrie
Actor Role
James Stewart Terry Martin
Wendy Barrie Jane Mitchell/Jane Emery
Una Merkel Josephine "Jo" Sanderson
Weldon Heyburn Frank Lawson
Ted Healy Clarence Maxmillian "Gadget" Haggerty [N 1]
Ralph Morgan Mr. Dean
Patricia Wilder (film debut) Fanny Lane
Robert Livingston George Saunders
Walter Kingsford Edward Emery
George Chandler 'Shorty' Bystander at Barn Dance
Isabelle Keith Nurse (uncredited)

Production

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Screenshot of Emery "Falcon" race car. Designed and driven in the film by Harlan Fengler. Fengler, a retired racer and riding mechanic, would later become the Chief Steward of the Indy 500.

Principal photography took place at the MGM studio, its Culver City, California backlot, and on location from March 20 to April 7, 1936. MGM had wanted to develop a film with a speed-racing theme to capitalize on worldwide headlines about Malcolm Campbell breaking the world's speed record for an automobile in his "Blue Bird", on September 3, 1935 at the Bonneville Salt Flats.[N 2]For the sake of convenience and with a limited budget, Speed instead used the nearby Muroc, California area to recreate the film's record-breaking runs.[6]

Scenes of the actual Indianapolis 500 were used from an earlier era when riding mechanics had to be incorporated in the race cars. The Emery "Falcon" world speed record race car transposed to the similar testing area, the Muroc dry lake bed,[7][N 3] resembles the Tatra V570 streamliner series, but was a car designed and built by Harlan Fengler. He built the car to make an attempt at the land speed record but, after investing $100,000, ran out of money. The realistic sequences of an automobile factory that begin the film were shot in advance at Chrysler. The production company was able to film at the Chrysler factory in Detroit, and show the latest model Chrysler Airflow cars produced in the assembly line and the use of the testing grounds.[9]

For Stewart, in his first starring role,[10] he later recalled, "The only way to learn to act is to act ... For instance, I would have a tiny part in a big picture with stars like Clark Gable and Jean Harlow and others, and then I would have a big part in a tiny picture [Speed] and so on."[9] During a hectic period, from 1935 to 1939, Stewart appeared in 29 motion pictures. The roles spanned a wide gamut of characters, from a mechanic/speed driver as he portrayed in Speed to that of a detective, doctor, executive, farmer, football star, lawyer, newspaperman, rustic "hayseed", soldier/sailor, skater, teacher, and even a murderer.[11] Stewart considered Speed a good training ground, "I did a picture called 'Speed' which gave me my first leading role ... although it was a low-budget picture ... and Ted Healy, who played my best friend, told me, 'Think of the audience as partners ... as collaborators ... not just watchers. You have to involve them'."[12][N 4]

Reception

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Critics dismissed the film as passable at best,[13] citing that the plot was weak and moved too slowly, the supporting cast was substandard, and the use of stock footage made it more of a documentary than a drama while at the same time appearing uncredible.[14] Variety wrote that it was, "...too news reely to get more than passing interest" and that while the film offered a new romantic lead, film audiences were not interested in debuts.[15] Howard Barnes of the New York Herald-Tribune called it "a very ordinary Hollywood stencil",[16] while Frank Nugent of The New York Times stated that "Mr. Stewart [and the rest of the cast] perform as pleasantly as possible."[17]

Home media

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Occasionally broadcast on Turner Classic Movies, Speed has also been released on DVD by Warner Archive, with an accompanying short, The Bottle and the Throttle (1968), a U.S. educational film, on the ramifications of drinking and driving.[18]

References

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Notes
  1. ^ Ted Healy was famous for creating The Three Stooges vaudeville and movie comedy act. In one scene, Healy lets out a Stooge's trademark, "whoo, whoo."[4]
  2. ^ During the 1930s, both the Bonneville Salt Flats and dry lake beds in California alternatively served as sites for high-speed automotive testing and record-setting.[5]
  3. ^ The dry lake beds, Rosamond Lake and Rogers Dry Lake that are found in the Muroc area, later became the emergency landing fields of the Edwards Air Force Base, used to test high-speed United States Air Force aircraft.[8]
  4. ^ In a longer appraisal of his time at MGM, Stewart continued, "So when I was acting, I was playing to this invisible audience. I imagined them. I didn't get all of this right straight away. I had to work at it. You Learn your craft ... and you only get better by working at it."[12]
Citations
  1. ^ Spark, Nick. "Muroc and the Hot Rodders." Archived 2012-05-09 at the Wayback Machine legendofpanchobarnes.com, June 30, 2010. Retrieved: November 19, 2011.
  2. ^ Eyles 1986, p. 37.
  3. ^ "Credits: Speed (1936)." IMDb. Retrieved: November 19, 2011.
  4. ^ Okuda and Watz 1986, p. 69.
  5. ^ Radbruch 2004, p. 12.
  6. ^ Fishgall 2009, p. 92.
  7. ^ Thacker, Karen. "Edwards AFB: Prime movie, TV location." Daily News, 1999. Retrieved: November 23, 2011.
  8. ^ "NASA Dryden Fact Sheets: The Dry Lakes, Edwards Air Force Base." NASA Dryden Flight Center, June 8, 2008. Retrieved: November 20, 2011.
  9. ^ a b Stafford, Jeff. "Speed (1936)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: November 19, 2011.
  10. ^ Dewey 1996, p. 149.
  11. ^ "Hometown Boy." The Jimmy Stewart Museum. Retrieved: November 23, 2011.
  12. ^ a b Munn 2005, p. 72.
  13. ^ Molyneaux 1992, p. 54.
  14. ^ Fishgall 1997, p. 92.
  15. ^ Molyneaux 1992, pp. 54–55.
  16. ^ Fishgall 1997, p. 93.
  17. ^ Nugent, Frank S. (May 16, 1936). "Notes in a Minor Key on the Current Opera, 'Speed,' At the Capitol, and the Palace's 'Human Cargo.'". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  18. ^ "Speed (1938)." thevideobeat.com. Retrieved: November 20, 2011.
Bibliography
  • Dewey, Donald. James Stewart: A Biography. Nashville, Tennessee: Turner Publishing, 1996. ISBN 978-1-57036-227-9.
  • Eyles, Allen. James Stewart. New York: Stein & Day, 1986. ISBN 978-0-8128-8298-8.
  • Fishgall, Gary (1997). Pieces of Time: The Life of James Stewart. New York: Scribner. ISBN 068482454X.* Jacobs, Timothy. Lemons: The World's Worst Cars. London: The Bison Group, 1991. ISBN 0-86124-874-0.
  • Jones, Ken D., Arthur F. McClure and Alfred E. Twomey. The Films of James Stewart. New York: Castle Books, 1970.
  • Molyneaux, Gerard (1992). James Stewart: A Bio-Bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313273529.
  • Munn, Michael. Jimmy Stewart: The Truth Behind the Legend. London: Robson Books, 2005. ISBN 978-1-86105-822-5.
  • Okuda, Ted and Edward Watz. The Columbia Comedy Shorts: Two-Reel Hollywood Film Comedies, 1933-1958. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc. Publishers, 1986. ISBN 978-0-7864-0577-0.
  • Radbruch. Dan. Dirt Track Auto Racing, 1919-1941: A Pictorial History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company Inc., 2004. ISBN 978-0-7864-1725-4.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Speed (1936 film).
  • Speed at IMDb
  • Speed at the TCM Movie Database
  • ‹The template AllMovie title is being considered for deletion.› Speed at AllMovie
  • Speed at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
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