Sixth Army (Ottoman Empire)
| Sixth Army | |
|---|---|
 Sixth Army field HQ | |
| Active | September 5, 1915[1]–February 9, 1919[2] |
| Country |  Ottoman Empire |
| Type | Field Army |
| Garrison/HQ | Baghdad |
| Patron | Sultans of the Ottoman Empire |
| Engagements | Mesopotamian campaign (World War I) |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Müşir Goltz Pasha (October 13, 1915[3]-April 19, 1916[4]) Mirliva Halil Pasha (April 19, 1916[4]-June 30, 1918[5]) Mirliva Ali İhsan Pasha (June 30, 1918[5]-February 9, 1919[2]) |
The Sixth Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Altıncı Ordu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the middle 19th century during Ottoman military reforms.
Formations
[edit]Order of Battle, 1877
[edit]In 1877, it was stationed in Baghdad. It was composed of:
- Infantry: Six line regiments and six rifle battalion.[6]
- Cavalry: Two line regiments.[6]
- Artillery: One line regiment (9 batteries).[6]
- Engineer: One sapper company.[6]
Order of Battle, 1908
[edit]After the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the Second Constitutional Era on July 3, 1908, new government initiate a major military reform. Army headquarters were modernized. Its operational area was Mesopotamia. It commanded the following active divisions:[7] The Sixth Army also had inspectorate functions for four Redif (reserve) divisions:[8][9]
- Sixth Army
- 11th Infantry Division (On Birinci Fırka)
- 12th Infantry Division (On İkinci Fırka)
- 6th Infantry Division (Altıncı Fırka)
- 15th Artillery Brigade (On Beşinci Topçu Tugayı)
- Redif divisions of the Sixth Army (name of the division denotes its location)
World War I
[edit]Order of Battle, August 1914
[edit]In August 1914, the army was structured as follows:[10]
- Sixth Army (Commander: Cavit Pasha)
Order of Battle, Late April 1915
[edit]In late April 1915, the army was structured as follows:[11]
- Sixth Army
- 35th Division
- Provisional Infantry Division
Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915
[edit]In late Summer 1915, the army was structured as follows:[12]
- Sixth Army
- Iraq Area Command
- XIII Corps
- 35th Division, 38th Division
- XVIII Corps
- XIII Corps
- Iraq Area Command
Order of Battle, January 1916
[edit]In January 1916, the army was structured as follows:[13]
- Sixth Army
- Iraq Area Command
- XIII Corps
- 35th Division, 52nd Division
- XVIII Corps
- 45th Division, 51st Division
- XIII Corps
- Iraq Area Command
Order of Battle, August 1916
[edit]In August 1916, the army was structured as follows:[14]
- XIII Corps
- XVIII Corps
- 35th Division, 45th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Division
Order of Battle, December 1916
[edit]In December 1916, the army was structured as follows:[15]
- XIII Corps
- 2nd Division, 4th Division, 6th Division
- XVIII Corps
- 45th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Infantry Division
Order of Battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918
[edit]In August 1917, January, June 1918, the army was structured as follows:[16]
- XIII Corps
- 2nd Division, 6th Division
- XVIII Corps
- 14th Division, 51st Division, 52nd Division
- 46th Division
Order of Battle, September 1918
[edit]In September 1918, the army was structured as follows:[17]
- XIII Corps
- 2nd Division, 6th Division
- XVIII Corps
- 14th Division, 46th Division
After Mudros
[edit]Order of Battle, November 1918
[edit]In November 1918, the army was structured as follows:[18]
- XIII Corps
- 2nd Division, 6th Division
Sources
[edit]- ^ David Nicolle, colour plates by Rafaelle Ruggeri, The Ottoman Army 1914-18, Men-at-Arms 269, Ospray Publishing Ltd., 1994, ISBN 1-85532-412-1, p. 14.
- ^ a b Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 44. (in Turkish)
- ^ Orhan Avcı, Irak'ta Türk Ordusu (1914-1918), Vadi Yayınları, 2004, ISBN 975-6768-51-7, p. 29. (in Turkish)
- ^ a b Orhan Avcı, Irak'ta Türk Ordusu (1914-1918), Vadi Yayınları, 2004, ISBN 975-6768-51-7, p. 30. (in Turkish)
- ^ a b T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, 1972, p. 145. (in Turkish)
- ^ a b c d Ian Drury, Illustrated by Raffaele Ruggeri, The Russo-Turkish War 1877, Men-at-Arms 277, Ospray Publishing Ltd., Reprinted 1999, ISBN 1-85532-371-0, p. 35.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003, p. 17.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 19.
- ^ T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, Balkan Harbi, 1912–1913: Harbin Sebepleri, Askerî Hazırlıklar ve Osmanlı Devletinin Harbe Girişi, Genelkurmay Basımevi, 1970, pp. 87-90. (in Turkish)
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 86.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 109.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 126.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 134.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 154.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170, 181, 188.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 197.
- ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.