Sierra Madre Formation

Sierra Madre Formation
Sierra Madre Formation
Stratigraphic range: Aptian-Cenomanian; ~120–94 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geologic formation
Underlies	Ocozocoautla Formation
Overlies	Santiago & San Ricardo Formations
Thickness	Composite: 2,590 m (8,500 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Marine limestones
Other	Marine dolomite
Location
Coordinates	16°48′N 93°24′W / 16.8°N 93.4°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	13°48′N 59°42′W / 13.8°N 59.7°W
Region	Chiapas
Country	Mexico
Type section
Named for	Sierra Madre de Chiapas
Named by	Gutiérrez Gil
Year defined	1956
	Sierra Madre Formation (Mexico) Sierra Madre Formation (Chiapas)

The Sierra Madre Formation is a geologic formation in Chiapas state, southern Mexico. It consists of marine dolomites and limestones. The formation dates to the Middle Cretaceous, spanning from the Aptian of the Early to the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.

The dolomites, dolomitic breccias and limestones of the formation have been deposited in a lagoonal to estuarine environment and contain many fossil fish, flora and rudists, typical reef-building organisms of the Cretaceous.

The formation rests on top of the Santiago and San Ricardo Formations, and is overlain by the Campanian to Maastrichtian Ocozocoautla Formation. The thickness of a composite section of the formation amounts to 2,590 metres (8,500 ft).

Description

The Sierra Madre Formation was first formally described by Gutiérrez Gil in 1956, but previously reported by other authors (Böse, 1905; Ver Wiebe, 1925; Müllerried, 1936; Imlay, 1944). The formation was studied in more detail and subdivided in several members (Chubb, 1959; Sánchez-Montes de Oca, 1969; Zavala-Moreno, 1971; Castro-Mora et al., 1975; Michaud, 1987; Quezada-Muñetón, 1987).^[1]

A composed thickness of 2,590 metres (8,500 ft) was suggested by Steele and Waite (1986) for the Sierra Madre Formation, subdivided into 21 lithofacies. The lowermost lithofacies corresponds to the stratigraphic level of El Espinal quarry, defined by Steele and Waite (1986) as dolomite and dolomitic breccia, located between 650 and 700 metres (2,130 and 2,300 ft) from the base of the formation, which rests conformably on top of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous San Ricardo Formation. The top is covered unconformably by the Campanian to Maastrichtian Ocozocoautla Formation.^[1]

The depositional environment is described as an environment with high oxygen concentration and high primary productivity with sporadic influence of strong waves and/or currents in a brackish marginal marine environment; shallow lagoon or estuary.^[2]

Fossil content

The formation preserves fossil fish, flora and marine invertebrates dating back to the Cretaceous period, ranging from the Aptian of the Early Cretaceous to the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous.^[3]^[2]

The fossils in El Espinal quarry were found in finely laminated orange clay layers interbedded with dolomitic limestone and interbedded with relatively thick layers of cream limestone that range from 5 to 10 centimetres (2.0 to 3.9 in), with some layers showing ripples, desiccation cracks, algal mats, and flat-pebble conglomerates.^[2]

Similar fossils have been found in the Tlayúa Formation, of Albian age in Puebla, southern Mexico, as fishes, one odonate nymph and isopods.^[1]

Fish

Fossils of Archaeochiapasa mardoqueoi and Pepemkay, a Cenomanian prehistoric ray-finned fish, were found in the formation. Other prehistoric fish fossils, found in quarries near the Municipality of Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, include Macrosemiids (Macrosemiocotzus species), Clupeomorphs (Triplomystus applegatei and Paraclupea-like species), and Alepisauriformes (Saurorhamphus and Enchodus species).^[4]

Rudists

These rudists are reported from the formation:^[3]

Flora

The following flora were found in the formation:^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Vega et al., 2006, p.324
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d El Espinal Quarry at Fossilworks.org
^ ^a ^b Sierra Madre Formation, Chiapas at Fossilworks.org
^ Alvarado Ortega et al., 2009

Bibliography

Alvarado Ortega, J.; Ovalles, E. Damián; Blanco Piñón, A. (2009), "The fossil fishes from the Sierra Madre Formation, Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, Southern Mexico", Palaeontologia Electronica, 12, retrieved 2020-03-16
Vega, F.J.; García Barrera, P.; Perrilliat, M. Carmen; Coutiño, M.A.; Mariño Pérez, R. (2006), "El Espinal, a new plattenkalk facies locality from the Lower Cretaceous Sierra Madre Formation, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico", Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 23: 323–333, retrieved 2020-03-16