Shining Path remnants
The Shining Path remnants are factions derived from the armed group that split off after the peace agreement between the imprisoned Abimael Guzmán and the Peruvian State in 1993. These include the Sendero Luminoso del Alto Huallaga (disbanded), the Mantaro Rojo Base Committee and the Militarized Communist Party of Peru.
Background
[edit]After the capture of Abimael Guzmán, the Communist Party of Peru entered a stage of uncertainty and decline that was accentuated after the public revelation of the “peace agreements”, which resulted in the division of the Shining Path's supporters into two factions, one in favor of the agreements and the other in favor of continuing armed struggle. The latter was led by Óscar Ramírez Durand, “Comrade Feliciano”, until his capture during Operation Cerco 99.[1][2]
Remnants of the CPP-SL
[edit]Sendero Rojo (1992-1999)
[edit]Sendero Rojo was the first active group to split off from Sendero Luminoso, proclaiming itself as the continuation of armed struggle and breaking with Guzman, but not with his ideology, with the aim of reorganizing the party.[3] Together with Ramirez Durand, Florindo Eleuterio Flores Hala, alias “Comrade Artemio”, who controlled the Huallaga area, formed the initial leadership of the party. Sendero Rojo was disbanded after the capture of “Comrade Feliciano” in 1999.[2]
Mantaro Rojo Base Committee
[edit]
In 2001, the initial activities of a splitter faction of Senderistas known as the Mantaro Rojo, an armed organization aligned with the principles of the Movimiento Popular Perú, were reported.[4] This faction, led by “Comrade Netzel López”,[5] was made up of released CPP members who since 2003, together with those who did not turn themselves in, had been doing recruitment work and strengthening ties with Maoist and progressive groups abroad.[6]
Shining Path in the Alto Huallaga (2004-2012)
[edit]In 2004, “Comrade Artemio”, who had joined Guzman's “political solution” strategy, restarted armed struggle under the leadership of the Shining Path of the Upper Huallaga. Artemio's faction was a rival to Quispe Palomino's faction, with both groups accusing each other of being revisionists and mercenaries.[2] The activities of the Shining Path of Alto Huallaga served to finance the creation of MOVADEF within the framework of the strategy named "general amnesty."[7] In 2012, after the capture of Comrade Artemio in Operation Crepúsculo, the faction disbanded.[8]
Militarized Communist Party of Peru
[edit]
After the fall of Comrade Feliciano in 1999, a new faction emerged from his leadership, led by Victor Quispe Palomino, or Comrade José.[1] Comrade José's faction would then take the name of the People's Revolutionary Army.[9]
In 2013, the People's Revolutionary Army under Comrade José changed its named to the Militarized Communist Party of Peru[9][10] after the deaths of Comrade Alipio and Comrade Gabriel in Operation Camaleón. The deaths of these leaders in the party led to the restructuring of the organization.[11] The MCPC broke with Gonzalo Thought, and proclaimed Xi Jinping thought as its new ideological guide.[12]
Other Groups
[edit]- Communist Party of Peru - Lima Base.[13]
- Center Regional Committee.[13]
- Principal Regional Committee.[13]
- Huagalla Regional Committee.[13]
- Metropolitan Regional Committee.[13]
- Pueblo de Pisco Revolutionary Committee.
- Northern Regional Committee.
- Lima Metropolitan Regional Committee.
- Southern Regional Committee.
- Mid-South Regional Committee.
- Mid-North Regional Committee.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Vigara, Miguel Jiménez (2019). "Sendero Rojo o el Partido Comunista del Perú Marxista-Leninista-Maoísta (1992-1999) Ideología, Organización y Estrategia". Americanía: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos (in Spanish) (10): 172–201. doi:10.46661/americania.4912. ISSN 2174-0178. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ a b c "Los múltiples Sendero Luminoso en el actual Perú" (PDF).
- ^ Vigara, Miguel Jiménez (2019). "Sendero Rojo o el Partido Comunista del Perú Marxista-Leninista-Maoísta (1992-1999) Ideología, Organización y Estrategia". Americanía: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos (in Spanish) (10): 172–201. doi:10.46661/americania.4912. ISSN 2174-0178. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ "ANALISIS ESTRATEGICO DEL FOLLERO PUBLICADO POR MANTARO ROJO LINEA PROSEGUIR by Benedicto Jiménez 1509 - Issuu". issuu.com. 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ "Denuncian la participación de Sendero Luminoso en redes sociales | Mundo | elmundo.es".
- ^ Perú, ONG de derechos humanos Waynakuna. "La expansión ideológica del terrorista comité de base Mantaro rojo". ONG Waynakuna Perú. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ Paz Campuzano, Oscar (2020-12-04). "Capturan al dirigente del Movadef Alfredo Crespo por su vínculo con Sendero Luminoso" (in Spanish). El Comercio. ISSN 1605-3052. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ "Cayó "Artemio": Operación Crepúsculo". Panamericana Televisión. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ a b "La guerra en el VRAEM: los problemas del Estado para restablecer la paz y los vacíos legales aplazados". ArchivoRevista Ideele (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ Campos, Néstor Godofredo Taipe (2014-02-01). "Los niños en el conflicto armado". Gazeta de Antropología (in Spanish). 30 (1). ISSN 0214-7564. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ "Sendero Luminoso en el VRAEM" (PDF).
- ^ "LA CONVERSIÓN DEL GRUPO NARCOTERRORISTA DEL VRAEM AL MLM-SIISMO by Benedicto Jiménez 1509 - Issuu". issuu.com. 2023-02-15. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
- ^ a b c d e Base Mantaro Rojo (10 February 2012). "Base Mantaro Rojo: ¡Al heroico pueblo combatiente!". cedema.org. Retrieved 2023-09-10.