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Shayetet 3

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3rd Flotilla
שייטת ספינות הטילים
Coat of arms of Shayetet 3
Active1962-present
Country Israel
Branch Israeli Navy
TypeCorvette and Missile boat Flotilla
Size15 Ships and about 1,000 soldiers and officers
Part of Israeli Navy
Garrison/HQHaifa naval base
Nickname(s)Missile Ship Flotilla
Commanders
Current
commander		Colonel Eldad Borochovich
Insignia
Badge
Warrior pin

The Missile Ship Fleet , or as it's officially called Shayetet 3, is the main surface combat force of the Israeli Navy . The fleet was established in 1967 and includes, 15 missile ships of the Saar 4.5, Saar 5 and Saar 6 models . In addition, the Ahi Bat Yam auxiliary ship is under its command. It is the only fleet of Israeli Navy operating Surface vessels (as Israeli Navy only uses submarines and missile ships)

Roles[edit]

The cruise missions of the missile ships are derived from the mission of the Israeli Navy: "to give a safe coast and open navigation to Israel" . In times of war, the Navy's duties are naval warfare against the enemy's fleets, assistance to the ground forces, shelling of installations and traffic routes on the enemy's coast, securing the shipping lanes to Israel and protecting the country's beaches.[1]

Except in times of war, the fleet is assigned various tasks: operations to gather intelligence, regular security patrols against hostile sabotage activity and preventing the supply of weapons to terrorist elements and providing backup to ground forces in operational operations. In the 2nd decade of the 21st century, with the establishment of the drilling arrays and gas production, drilling: Tamar, Leviathan and Tanin in the Mediterranean Sea, the navy's missions were expanded and they also include security of the state's assets at sea.

Fleet[edit]

Missile corvettes[edit]

Class Photo Ships Commission year Origin Notes
Sa'ar 5 [ˈsa'ar] (Tempest)

INS Eilat, [ejˈlat] (Eilat)
INS Lahav [ˈlahav] (Blade)
INS Hanit [χaˈnit] (Spear)

1994
1994
1995

 United States -
Sa'ar 6

INS Magen [maˈgen] (Shield)
INS Oz (Courage)
INS Atzmaut (Independence)
INS Nitzachon (Victory)

2020
2021
2023
2023

 Germany

Missile boats[edit]

Class Photo Ships Commission year Origin Notes
Sa'ar 4.5 INS Romach, [ˈʁo̞maχ] (Lance)

INS Keshet, [ˈke̞ʃe̞t] (Bow)

INS Hetz, [ˈχe̞t͡s] (Arrow)

INS Kidon, [kiˈdo̞n] (Javelin)

INS Tarshish, [tarˈʃiʃ] (Tarshish)

INS Yaffo, [ˈjafo̞] (Jaffa)

INS Herev, [ˈχe̞ʁe̞v] (Sword)

INS Sufa [suˈfa] (Storm)

1981

1982

1991

1995

1995

1998

2002

2003

 Israel
  • INS Kidon was originally a Sa'ar 4 built in 1974 and converted to Saar 4.5 class in 1994
  • INS Tarshish was originally a Sa'ar 4 built in 1975 and converted to Saar 4.5 class in 1998
  • INS Yaffo was originally a Sa'ar 4 built in 1975 and converted to Saar 4.5 class in 1998
  • The Sa'ar 4.5 boats are expected to be replaced with the 76m-long Reshef class corvette starting in the late 2020s

Organisation[edit]

The fleet is divided into four combat squadrons.

Command Structure[edit]

The organization of each ship is done in four departments. Each department is headed by a naval officer in the rank of captain who reports to the ship's commander. The departments are:[3]

  • GNK department - activates the detection and communication devices and creates a situational picture for the commander.
  • Weapons department - operates and maintains the missile cannons.
  • Electronics department - maintains the detection and communication devices and operates the electronic warfare means .
  • Machine department - operates and maintains the engines and the electrical and hydraulic systems.
  • Anti-submarine warfare - ships designed for anti-submarine warfare do not have a separate department. The means of detection are operated by the GNAK department and the means of armament are operated and maintained by the weapons department.

History[edit]

Establishment[edit]

On October 1, 1966, the first command structure of the fleet was established: Squadron 311. In the order of establishment, its mission was defined:[4]

  • Fighting with missiles and cannons .
  • Anti- submarine warfare

Cherbourg Project[edit]

The Cherbourg Project (or Boats of Cherbourg) was an Israeli military operation that took place on 24 December 1969 and involved the escape of five remaining armed Sa'ar 3 class boats from the French port of Cherbourg (Cherbourg-Octeville since 2000, Cherbourg-en-Cotentin since 2016). The boats had been paid for by the Israeli government but had not been delivered due to the French arms embargo in 1969. The whole operation was planned by the Israeli Navy, and was codenamed Operation Noa, after the daughter of Captain Binyamin "Bini" Telem.[5]

The boats taken from Cherbourg were still unarmed platforms on their arrival in Israel. They were brought into the navy and armed with Gabriel missiles and ECM and EW systems produced by MABAT and RAFAEL.[6] Their commissioning into the Israeli Navy was overseen by Commodore Yehoshua Lahav Schneidemesser, a Haganah member who had volunteered with the Royal Navy during the Second World War, and who was at the time the division head of Equipment and Platforms.

The flotilla's working up was overseen by Captain Hadar Kimhi, who was later promoted to commodore commanding the Naval base of Haifa. New concepts of sea missile warfare were developed by the navy and new ECM/EW techniques were developed with the leadership of Captain Herut Zemach[7] who was awarded the Israel Defense Prize for his efforts, creating a new generation of missile boats. Later, new Israeli Sa'ar boats were developed and built in Haifa Shipyards under the leadership of Haim Schachal, the chief engineer of the Israel Shipyards.[8]

Two of the boats were launched a few months before the Yom Kippur War, INS Reshef (Flash) and INS Keshet (Bow), Sa'ar 4 class missile boats. For his leadership, Schachal was awarded the Israel Defense Prize.

Seizure of militant vessels[edit]

The fleet's ships assisted in security missions . In the course of 1970s decade, ships of the Flotilla captured four militant boats en route to Israel. The first capture of a boat happened on July 27, 1970. A "Hatz" Saar 3 model captured a boat with three militants on their way to the Gaza Strip, west of Rosh Carmel.[9]

Operation Hood 20[edit]

Palestinian Liberation Organisation militants in Lebanon launched maritime rifs into Israel. On the night of January 14/15, 1971, paratroopers and the 13th Fleet were deployed for the first time by sea in Operation Hood 20, under the command of Haim Nadal - commander of the invading force, and Hadar Kimchi - commander of the naval force. The targets were found in Sarafand and Bas-Sheikh, south of Sidon on the coast of Lebanon. Six ships of the fleet, one "Hanit" under the command of Ephraim Ashed, four ships under the command of Shabtai. Levi - Achi "Hatz" under the command of Avraham ben Shoshan, Achi "Mishgav" under the command of Gadi ben Ze'ev, Achi "Mazanak" under the command of Avraham Ashur and Achi Haifa (Saar 2) under the command of Eli Rahab carried the force of the paratroopers. After a security guard under the command of Rafi Apel, she carried the 13th Fleet force, which was under the command of Hanina Amishav . The raiding forces were led from the steels to the coast in rubber boats. Two naval sabotage bases and a land training base were attacked and destroyed.[10]

Battle of Latakia[edit]

The Battle of Latakia was a small but revolutionary naval action of the Yom Kippur War, fought on 7 October 1973 between Israel and Syria. It was the first naval battle in history to see combat between surface-to-surface missile-equipped missile boats and the use of electronic deception.[11]

Battle of Baltim[edit]

The Battle of Baltim was fought between the Israeli Navy and the Egyptian Navy on 8–9 October 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. It took place off the Nile delta, between Baltim and Damietta. The battle began when six Israeli Sa'ar-class missile boats heading toward Port Said were engaged by four Egyptian Osa-class missile boats coming from Alexandria. It lasted about forty minutes.[12] The Osas fired Styx missiles, missed, and began to withdraw back to Alexandria when the Israelis began to give chase. Two Osas were sunk by Gabriel missiles within a span of ten minutes, and a third was sunk twenty-five minutes later. The fourth made it back to base.[13]

Second Battle of Latakia[edit]

The Second Battle of Latakia was a small naval battle of the Yom Kippur War fought on 11 October 1973 between Israel and Syria. The Israeli Navy force consisted of Sa'ar 2-class, Sa'ar 3-class, and Sa'ar 4-class missile boats armed with Gabriel anti-ship missiles while the Syrian Navy force consisted of Soviet-made Komar- and Osa-class missile boats armed with Soviet-manufactured P-15 Termit (NATO reporting name SS-N-2 Styx) anti-ship missiles.[14]

Operation Litani[edit]

INS Yaffo (Saar 4), under the command of Lt. Col. Hanina Amishev, took an active part during the 1978 South Lebanon conflict. In general, the ship fired about 1000 76 mm shells.

Battle of Rabbit Island[edit]

The Battle of Rabbit Island was the destruction of a militant base on an island north of Tripoli (Lebanon) . On June 27–28, 1984, a force that included the INS Reshef (under the command of Major Ami Segev), the submarine INS Rahav, (under the command of Haim Kafir), and a pair of swallows (under the command of the Sheitat 13 Commander Yadidia Yaari ) attacked the naval commando base of militants on the island of Al-Nahal and destroyed militant base and vessels.[15]

Operation Derech Netz[edit]

Operation Derech Netz was carried out by four assault ships of the Flotilla under the command of Col. Shimon Meir, carrying a force of submarine fighters from the 13th flotilla under the command of Yedidia Yaari to attack militant ships in the port of Annaba in Algeria.[16]

Destruction of Ateviros[edit]

On April 20, 1985, a Panamanian-flagged ship Ateviros carrying militants and speedboats from Algeria was discovered heading for an assault on Kirya in Tel Aviv. After the ship refused to stop and an RPG missile was fired from it,It was sunk. INS Muledat (commanded by Dani Halevi) and INS Mevat (commanded by Capt. Yaron Zahar) also participated in the operation.[17]

Seizure of Castlerdy[edit]

The seizure of the Castlerdy' yacht on August 25, 1985 . A small ship with an Australian flag and an American crew that tried to transport a platoon of trained militants from Cyprus to Lebanon. Their mission was to carry out an attack in Kiryat Shmona. A naval force under the command of Lt. Col. Alex Eyal, which included INS Gaula and Unit 881, the 31st squadron and the "Sheaf" naval patrol aircraft, ambushed it on its way. The ship was stopped and the terrorists were transferred for questioning. After an official confiscation process, she was used as a vessel to locate sea mines under the name "Octopus".[18]

Operation Mekset Shifur[edit]

Operation Mekset Shifur was the capture of the terrorist ship Angel, the farthest capture from the shores of the country was on the night of August 4, 1988 in the Adriatic Sea . When it became known that the yacht "Angel" carrying a group of Fatah officers was sailing from Yugoslavia to Libya, it was intercepted about 25 miles south of the Gulf of Trento in Italy by four Sa'ar ships - Achi "Jaffa" (Sa'ar 4), Ach "Keshet" (Saar 4.5 Noshav), one "Moldat" (Saar 4), and one "Gaula" (Saar 4.5 Hochit), under the command of the battalion commander Col. Yossi Levy . Four officers from the Fatah naval force were arrested and the yacht was towed to Haifa.[19]

Operation Dust Road[edit]

Operation Dust Road In the early 1990s, ships of the navy engaged in patrols to prevent the infiltration of fast armed boats. In the security patrols, the fleet spent over 3000 hours at sea. The activity of the ships and patrol planes over the sea became known to the militants and deterred them from approaching. The attempted attack was carried out on 27–30 May 1990: six armed boats launched at a great distance ran out of fuel before reaching the shore and the attack was averted.

Operation Grapes of Wrath[edit]

The flottia took part in the Operation Grapes of Wrath in southern Lebanon against Hezbollah by blockading the ports of Beirut, Sidon and Tyre.[20]

2006 Lebanon War[edit]

The Flotilla participated in the Second Lebanon War and fired a total of 2,500 shells.[21] INS Hanit which was patrolling in Lebanese waters ten nautical miles off the coast of Beirut. It was damaged on 14 July 2006 on the waterline, under the aft superstructure[22][23] by a missile (likely a Chinese-designed C-802[24]) fired by Hezbollah that reportedly set the flight deck on fire and crippled the propulsion systems inside the hull.[25] However, INS Hanit stayed afloat, withdrew and made the rest of the journey back to Ashdod port for repairs under its own power.[26] Four crew members were killed during the attack: Staff Sergeant Tal Amgar, Corporal Shai Atas, Sergeant Yaniv Hershkovitz, and First Sergeant Dov Steinshuss.[27]

Operation Cast Lead[edit]

During the Gaza War (2008–2009) the Israeli Navy attacked Hamas' rocket launchers and outposts, command and control centers, a Hamas patrol boat, and the office of Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh, using the Typhoon Weapon System and Surface to surface missiles.[28][29] The navy coordinated with other Israeli forces and used powerful shipboard sensors to acquire and shell targets on land.[30][31] Records of the attacks published by the navy indicate that for the first time vessels were equipped with Spike ER electro-optically guided anti-armor missiles. Videos of an attack showed precision hits from a Typhoon stabilizing gun despite a rolling sea. Versions of the Spike were also used by ground units[32] and possibly by helicopters or unmanned aerial vehicles.[33] Shayetet 13 naval commandos were also deployed to attack targets on land,[34] and reportedly attacked an Iranian ship loaded with arms for Hamas, which was docking in Sudan.[35] On 28 December, Naval vessels shelled the Port of Gaza.[36]

On 29 December, the Free Gaza Movement relief boat Dignity carrying volunteer doctors with 3.5 tons of medical supplies, human rights activists (Among them Caoimhe Butterly and former US Representative Cynthia McKinney), and a CNN reporter was involved in an altercation with Israeli patrol boats. The captain of the Free Gaza vessel said that their vessel had been rammed intentionally and that there had been no warning before it had been rammed.[37] An Israeli spokesman disputed this, and said the collision was caused by the Dignity attempting to outmaneuver the patrol boats after disobeying Israeli orders to turn back.[38]

On 4 January the Israeli Navy extended its blockade of the Gaza Strip to 20 nautical miles.[39]

Throughout the war, the Israeli Navy employed Sa'ar 4.5 class missile boats of the Flotilla in addition to Super Dvora Mk III class patrol boats .

Operation Four Species[edit]

Francop Affair, On November 4, 2009, the ship MV Francop was radioed by an Israeli Navy missile boat of the Flotilla, which ordered it to halt and prepare for inspection. Shayetet 13 naval commandos then boarded the ship without resistance. The navy said that the crew was not aware of the purported smuggling and cooperated with the commandos.[40] The commandos broke open the shipping containers and discovered crates of weapons and munitions hidden between sacks of polyethylene stacked along the openings and sides.[41]

Operation Iron Law[edit]

The Flotilla participated in the Victoria Affair which was a military operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in March 2011 in which the Israeli Navy intercepted the vessel Victoria on the international waters in the Mediterranean, and discovered concealed weapons which, according to the IDF, were destined for Palestinian militant organizations in the Gaza Strip.[42] The vessel was found to be carrying approximately 50 tons of weapons, including C-704 anti-ship missiles, rocket launchers, radar systems, mortar shells and rifle ammunition

Operation Pillars of Defence[edit]

The Flotilla participated in the 2012 Gaza War, carrying out bombardments of the Gaza strip.

Operation Full Disclosure[edit]

Operation Full Disclosure was an Israeli seizure of an Iranian vessel heading towards Port Sudan via Iraq. The operation was led by Major General Ram Rothberg, commander-in-chief of the Israel Navy, on board Sa'ar 5-class corvette INS Hanit. INS Hetz, a Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat of the folitta also participated in the Operation.[43]

Operation Protective Edge[edit]

During the 2014 Gaza War, the Flotilla off-shore fleet fired 3,494 naval shells, into the Gaza Strip.[44]

Israel-Hamas war[edit]

During the Israel Hamas war during the 7 October attacks, the Navy stopped militants who tried to enter Israel by sea during the Zikim attack. The Sa'ar 6 ships of the Flotilla INS Oz and INS Magen, carried out, for the first time, as part of the fighting, sea surface attacks towards the Gaza Strip.[45] As part of these attacks, they destroyed a facility for the production of weapons, an outpost and an observation post of Hamas.[46]

Red Sea Crisis[edit]

INS Hanit and INS Magen were deployed in the red sea during the Red Sea crisis following Houthi movement's attacks on Israel. On 9 April, the IDF used a seaborne missile from the INS Magen to shoot down a UAV for the first time. The UAV, which came from the Red Sea, breached Israeli airspace and crossed into the area of the Gulf of Aqaba, setting off sirens in Eilat.[47][48]

Commanders[edit]

Fleet commanders
commander Beginning of term end of term Notes
1 Benjamin Talm 1967 1968 The first commander at the time of the reception of the ships in Shrevor.
2 Hadar Kimchi 1968 1971 Conversion from vessels to combat units, author of "Battle Theory for Assault Ships", escape commander Cherbourg Ships, beginning of operations against terrorist targets - Operation Hood 20, assimilation of combat theory.
3 Shabtai Levi 1971 1973 Institutionalization of naval procedures for missile combat, transport and security of raiding forces against terrorist targets - Operation Hood 54-55 and Operation Aviv Neorim. Preparation of combat plans for the attack on the Syrian coast and the ambush on the Sinai coast carried out in the Yom Kippur War
4 Michael Barkai July 1973 June 1974 In the Yom Kippur War he was mentioned in the Masterpiece Decoration, improving the issue of controlling the forces.
5 Eli Rahav June 1974 March 1976 Institutionalizing the ship's competency indicators and tests, implementing a "robust code" for instructions and reports by wireless, determining the centralized ship leave.
6 Micah Lazeros April 1976 August 1978 Operation Liberty Bell, Operation Litany, sailing to Portugal
7 120 Haim Shaked August 1978 1979
8 Zeev Yehezkali August 1978 July 1979 Commander of Sheitat 5 at the same time.
9 Abraham Ben-Shoshan 1979 1981 First Visit of the Navy ships in the port of Alexandria in Egypt.
10 Aryeh Runa 1981 1983 Improving the level of execution of the "combined battle" and raising the level of artillery during the First Lebanon War.
11 Shimon Meir July 1983 1985 The flotilla reached 26 combat units.
12 Shaul Chorev 1985 1987 Evolution of the naval helicopter, cooperation with the Sixth Fleet, combined operations with the Sheitat 13 in Lebanon, the beginning of the reduction in SDF.
13 Yossi Levy August 1987 August 1989 Operational improvements
14 August 1989 August 1991 Integration of "Dolphin" naval helicopters in full operation
15 David ben Bashot August 1991 May 1993 The long voyages, absorption of the naval helicopter and its integration into the naval combat system
16 Yaakov Gaz 1993 1995
17 Ali Marom 1995 1997
18 Hazi Mishita September 1997 August 1999 Renewal of battle theory for assault ships
19 Noam Feig 1999 2001
20 Ran Ben Yehuda August 2001 July 2003 Computerization of reports
21 Abby Arzoni July 2003 September 2005 The author of the book "Sheit 3 - the missile ships in the Navy"
22 Danny Maoz September 2005 August 2007 The Second Lebanon War
23 Ilan Sheriki August 2007 August 2009 Operation Cast Lead
24 Eli Wand 2009 2011 Operation Iron Law, Capture of the ship Victoria
25 David Salma 2011 September 2013 Operation Pillar of Cloud
26 Eyal Harel September 2013 June 2015 The capture of the weapons ship "Closs Sea" in the Red Sea, Operation Tzuk Eitan
27 Ziv Rom June 2015 August 2017[49]
28 Guy Goldfarb August 2017 August 2019 The flotilla was awarded a letter of appreciation from the Chief of Staff Aviv Kochavi and a certificate of appreciation from the commander of the sea arm Eli Sharvit for a series of operations.
29 Meir Azuri August 2019[50] September 2021
30 Erez ben Zion September 2021 July 2023
31 No Picture Eldad Borochovich July 2023[51] July 30, 2023 Present

References & Sources[edit]

  1. ^ http://heb.inss.org.il/uploadimages/Import/(FILE)1286797400.pdf
  2. ^ SHARON UDASIN. "Energy Ministry to buy $20m. vessel for sea research". Jerusalem Post.
  3. ^ Moshe Imber and Gad Ariel, "'Sheitat 3 - The Missile Ships in the Navy'" pp. 85-106, Ministry of Defense Publishing House, 2005.
  4. ^ Moshe Imber and Gad Ariel, "'Sheitat 3 - The Missile Ships in the Navy,'" p. 16, Ministry of Defense Publishing House, 2005.
  5. ^ Rabinovich, Abraham. "Israel Military Intelligence: The Boats of Cherbourg". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  6. ^ http://www.rafael.co.il/marketing/Templates/Homepage/Homepage.aspx?FolderID=203
  7. ^ Shalom Eitan (1998). Lisrod U-lesaper לשרוד ולספר [To Survive and Tell] (in Hebrew). Translated by Lance Ackerfeld.
  8. ^ "Our experience - Your benefit".
  9. ^ Moshe Imber and Gad Ariel, "Sheitat 3 - the missile ships in the Navy", p. 71, Ministry of Defense Publishing House, 2005.
  10. ^ "'20 מבצע 'ברדס".
  11. ^ Lerner, Adi (7 October 2011). "The Untold Story of Naval Heroism in the Yom Kippur War". Maariv (in Hebrew). Retrieved 7 October 2011.
  12. ^ Herzog and Gazit (2005), p. 312
  13. ^ Dupuy (2002), p. 563
  14. ^ "The Boats of Cherbourg" by Abraham Rabinovich, Chapter 24: Skirmish
  15. ^ Mike Elder , "'Sheita 13"', p. 632 - 635.
  16. ^ "אודיסיאה באלג'יריה" (in Hebrew).
  17. ^ "סיכל חיל הים פיגוע גדול בלב הקריה" (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  18. ^ Shlomo Man , "'...an exhibition attack was avoided thanks to the Navy", article in "Bin Galim" October 1998.
  19. ^ http://moreshetyamit.net/?p=4261
  20. ^ "Lebanon flies the flags of mourning". The Independent. 2015-09-21. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  21. ^ "The war in numbers". Jane's Defence Weekly. 23 August 2006.
  22. ^ "Hezbollah missile hits Navy ship off Beirut coast". Haaretz. 14 July 2006. Archived from the original on 18 July 2006.
  23. ^ "Missile, Not Drone, Hit Israeli Warship". The Guardian. London. 15 July 2006. Archived from the original on 16 July 2006.
  24. ^ Mazzetti, Mark (31 December 2008). "Striking Deep Into Israel, Hamas Employs an Upgraded Arsenal". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  25. ^ "INS Hanit Suffers Iranian Missile Attack". Defense Update. 17 July 2006. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  26. ^ "Strike on Israeli Navy Ship". NAVSEA. 19 July 2006. Archived from the original on 11 February 2007.
  27. ^ "Middle East Crisis: Hezbollah-Israel conflict wrap". Spero News. 15 July 2006. Archived from the original on 4 October 2007.
  28. ^ Dover.idf.il Archived 22 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ Amos Harel (2008-12-29). "מבצע "עופרת יצוקה": תקיפת חיל הים ברצועת עזה: כך זה נראה" [Operation 'Cast Lead': Israeli Navy attacks on the Gaza Strip: So it seems]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2010-03-24.
  30. ^ "> "In Gaza, Both Sides Reveal New Gear". Defense News. 5 January 2009. [dead link]
  31. ^ Opall-Rome, Barbara (2009-05-11). "Gaza War Is Battle Lab for Joint Combat Ops". Defense News. Retrieved 2009-08-06. [dead link]
  32. ^ Eshel, David (2009-05-11). "New Tactics Yield Solid Victory in Gaza". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
  33. ^ "Human Rights Watch accuses Israel over Gaza drones", Reuters, 30 June 2009
  34. ^ Yagna, Yanir; Ashkenazi, Eli; Pfeffer, Anshel (15 January 2009). "Hamas launches first phosphorus rocket at Negev; no injuries reported". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  35. ^ "Report: Naval commando forces involved in Sudan strike". Ynetnews. 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  36. ^ "Gaza conflict: Timeline". BBC News. 2009-01-18. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
  37. ^ "Gaza aid boat 'rammed by Israel'". BBC News. 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
  38. ^ "Gaza relief boat damaged in encounter with Israeli vessel". CNN. 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
  39. ^ "Israeli ground troops enter Gaza". Al Jazeera. 2009-01-04. Retrieved 2010-03-24.
  40. ^ Pfeffer, Anshel (2009-11-04). "Israel seizes ship in Mediterranean carrying more than 3,000 rockets". Haaretz. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  41. ^ "IDF Navy commandoes board the Francop". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  42. ^ Weiss, Mark (16 March 2011). "Israel intercepts ship with 'Gaza-bound weapons'". The Irish Times. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  43. ^ Yehoshua, Yossi (March 6, 2014). בראש הכוח עמדה אח"י חנית שנפגעה בלבנון. Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved September 27, 2014.
  44. ^ Humanitarian Bulletin Monthly Report, June–August 2014, Archived 21 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine OCHA 30 September 2014.
  45. ^ "ספינות הטילים מדגם ׳סער 6׳ בתקיפה מבצעית" (in Hebrew).
  46. ^ "דובר צה"ל: מחבלים חוסלו הלילה ליד נחל עוז, הסטי"לים החדשים תקפו בעזה" (in Hebrew).
  47. ^ "Middle East crisis live: pressure grows on Israel as France suggests sanctions and Turkey restricts exports". The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
  48. ^ "Israeli FM says Israel will retaliate economically following Erdogan's export embargo on Israel". Haaretz. 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
  49. ^ אל"ם זיו רום מסיים את תפקידו כמפקד שייטת ספינות הטילים
  50. ^ "אל"ם מאיר עזורי מונה למפקד שייטת ספינות הטילים".
  51. ^ טקס חילופי מפקדי שייטת 3 נערך בבסיס זרוע הים בחיפה
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