Jump to content

List of people killed for being transgender

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Sasha Garden)

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Part of a series on
Transgender topics
     
Gender identities
Health care practices
Rights and legal status
Society and culture
Events and awareness
Culture
Theory and concepts
By country
Rights
See also

This is a worldwide list of people who were killed for being transgender. The list does not include suicides, accidental deaths, or premature deaths. Some of the perpetrators in these cases cite the trans panic defense. Violence against transgender people is also known as trans bashing.

Background

Part of a series on
Discrimination
Forms
Attributes
Social
Religious
Ethnic/national
Manifestations
Policies
Countermeasures
Related topics

The murder of trans people has served as an impetus to the establishment of the Transgender Day of Remembrance (TDoR).[1][2]

In 2019, the American Medical Association called the violence against trans people an "epidemic".[3][4][5]

In 2020, ABC News "independently confirmed 34 violent deaths of transgender and gender non-conforming people in 2020 at the time of publication." This was published by Good Morning America.[6] According to the Human Rights Campaign, at least 57 transgender and gender non-conforming people were killed in 2021, surpassing the total from 2020 of 44 people.[7]

Before 1990

Nazi Germany

See also: Transgender people in Nazi Germany § Imprisonment in concentration camps

The Nazi Regime targeted, imprisoned, and killed an indeterminate number of transgender people, especially trans women.[8] Like many sent to concentration camps, the ultimate fates of specific transgender prisoners are usually uncertain, but records exist of a small number of known victims.

Indonesia

See also: Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66

The Indonesian 1960s Islamic New Order regime also targeted transgender individuals for violent persecution. Long home to a variety of transgender and third-gender identities, the new government cracked down on ceremonies and rituals of the non-binary bissu community. Individuals were subjected to public head-shaving, while some were tortured and murdered; reports from the time indicate bissu were given the choice of detransition or death. In Bone, the bissu Sanro Makgangke was decapitated, and their head was displayed publicly as a threat to others.[11][12]

1990s

Plaque dedicated to Sonia Rescalvo Zafra on the bandstand of the Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona, Spain, near the place where she was assassinated
  • 1991 – Sonia Rescalvo Zafra, a 45-year-old transgender woman, was killed in the Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona by six neo-Nazi skinheads who kicked her and her friend Dori repeatedly in the head while they were lying on the floor. Her death spurred the LGBT community to publicly fight against violence.[13][14]
  • 1993 – Brandon Teena, a 21-year-old transgender man, was raped and murdered in Falls City, Nebraska on 31 December.[15] Two men were convicted of first-degree murder in the incident, one of whom was sentenced to death. The crime became the subject of the Academy Award-winning film Boys Don't Cry.[15]
  • 1995 – Chanelle Pickett, a 23-year-old transgender woman, was strangled on 20 November after spending the night over at a man's apartment. The defendant, William C. Palmer, originally pled what may be the earliest known legal use of the trans panic defense.[16][17][18] However, Palmer abandoned this story after the victim's sister revealed that he had known Pickett and been aware of her trans status.[19] Her death was cited as part of the impetus behind the establishment of Transgender Day of Remembrance.[20]
  • 1996 – Deborah "Debbie" Forte was a 56-year-old transgender woman whose body was discovered on 15 May, having been strangled, beaten severely, and stabbed repeatedly in the breasts and chest.[21] Her killer, Michael Thompson, was found guilty of second-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. Thompson's coworker testified that after the murder, Thompson had come to work and confessed that he had gone home with Forte and begun "messing around", before killing her after realizing she had a penis.[22]

2000s

  • 2000 – Amanda Milan, a 25-year-old transgender woman, was walking by Times Square, Manhattan, New York City, when Dwayne McCuller walked up and began to harass and threaten her.[23] Milan stood up to him and asked him if he wanted to fight.[24] Witnesses said he declined.[23] As he walked away, another young man, Eugene Celestine, told McCuller he had a knife. McCuller grabbed it, and stabbed Milan in the neck.[24] A man named David Anderson reportedly helped McCuller escape from the scene.[23] Milan died soon after at St. Vincent's Hospital.[23] Transgender activist Sylvia Rivera worked towards seeing that Milan's death was investigated, and organized Milan's political funeral along with demonstrations claiming a disconnection of transgender rights from the larger LGBT communities.[25] After Milan's murder, Rivera reformed a transgender activist group, Street Trans Activist Revolutionaries (STAR).[26] Rivera cited the crime among the reasons to add a broad definition of gender to the New York City Human Rights Law.[27]
  • 2001 – Fred Martinez Jr., a transgender 16-year old American from Cortez, Colorado was bludgeoned to death in June 2001 with a rock by an 18-year old man.[28] Martinez' killer was sentenced in 2002 to serve between 4 and 48 years for the murder, and was paroled in 2019.[29]
  • 2002 – Gwen Araujo of Newark, California, a Hispanic teenage transgender woman, was killed by four men, two of whom she had had sexual relations with, who beat and strangled her after discovering she was transgender.[30][31][32] Two defendants were convicted of second-degree murder,[33] but not convicted on the requested hate crime enhancements. The other two defendants pleaded guilty or no contest to voluntary manslaughter. In at least one of the trials, a trans panic defense – an extension of the gay panic defense – was employed.[33][34]
  • 2003 – Nireah Johnson was a 17-year-old African American transgender girl who was murdered along with her friend Brandie Coleman in Indianapolis, Indiana by Paul Moore. Paul Moore was initially sexually attracted to Johnson, and then discovered that she was transgender. This led him to light her car on fire while she and Coleman were inside. Moore was sentenced to 120 years in prison for the murders while his half-brother, Clarence McGee, received a 10-year sentence as an accomplice.[35][unreliable source?]
  • 2003 – Janice Roberts was an American transgender woman who was kidnapped by serial killer William Devin Howell on 18 June. Howell later told an informant that he tried to engage Roberts in a sexual act, and strangled her when he realized that she was transgender.[36]
  • 2003 – Shelby Tracy Tom was a Canadian transgender woman working as a sex worker in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, who was killed by Jatin Patel on 27 May 2003.[37] According to Patel, while having sex with her, she noticed Tom's surgery scars, and she panicked as a result and strangled her. The prosecutor attempted to classify Tom's death as a hate crime, but Supreme Court of British Columbia Justice Patrick Dohm ruled that the crime was not motivated by hate, because Patel did not know of Tom's transgender identity when meeting her, and thus could not have targeted her for it.[38] Patel's defense attorney used a gay panic defense on her behalf. She pleaded guilty to a charge of manslaughter, and was sentenced to nine years in jail.[39] Patel subsequently came out as a transgender woman.[40]
  • 2006 – Gisberta Salce Júnior, a Brazilian homeless transgender woman, was murdered in Oporto, Portugal, by a group of 14 youths between 12 and 16 years old, who tortured and raped her for three days, and finally threw her, still alive, into a well over 15 meters deep, where she drowned. Eleven of the minors received minimal sentences of under 13 months in a semi-open education center of the Instituto de Reinserção Social, and two received sentences of additional education.[41][42] Her death became a symbol of violence against women and the LGBT community, and shortly after, laws protecting trans women were introduced in Portugal.[43]
  • 2007 – Roberto González Onrubia, a transgender man, was killed by two women who had found refuge in his apartment, in Madrid, Spain. Both women had been mistreating Roberto physically and psychologically for a year, before they killed him on 29 August 2007 with a brutal hit on the head. Both women were condemned to 19 years in prison.[44][45][46]
  • 2008 – Angie Zapata was a transgender woman who was murdered on 17 July 2008, in Greeley, Colorado. Her death was the first case involving a transgender victim to be ruled a hate crime.[47] Colorado is one of eleven states that protect transgender victims under hate crime laws in the United States. Allen Andrade, who learned eighteen-year-old Angie was transgender after meeting her and spending several days with her, beat her to death with a fire extinguisher. In his arrest affidavit, Andrade called Zapata "it",[48] and during his trial, a tape was played of a phone conversation in which he told his girlfriend "gay things need to die".[49] Andrade's attorneys used a gay panic defense. On 22 April 2009, Andrade was found guilty of first degree murder, hate crimes, and car/ID theft. He was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.[50]

2010s

  • 2010 – Victoria Carmen White, an African American transgender woman, was murdered in New Jersey, US, on 12 September 2010. Alrashim Chambers was brought to trial for her death, but he was acquitted; he blamed another man, Marquise Foster, for the murder. The only motive suggested was transphobic violence; "You a dude?" was heard by White's friends (who were in an adjacent room) shortly before gunshots were fired.[51]
  • 2011 – Dee Dee Pearson, an African American transgender woman, was murdered in Kansas City, Missouri, US, on 24 December 2011. Kenyon Jones confessed to the murder, telling police that he had paid Pierson for sex, and after he found out she was transgender, he killed her in anger.[52][53] He was convicted of second degree murder and armed criminal action, and was sentenced to 30 years in jail.[54]
  • 2011 – Svetlana was a transgender woman from Moscow, Russia. She was beaten to death with a shovel by two persons, who had intended to have sex with her. It is suggested that after they learned she was transgender, they were motivated to kill her.[55]
  • 2013 – Carmen Guerrero, a transgender woman was killed by her cellmate, Miguel Crespo, at Kern Valley State Prison in California's Central Valley.[56]
  • 2013 – Islan Nettles, a 21-year-old African American transgender woman, was beaten to death in Harlem, New York, on 17 August after a group of at least seven men accosted her and two of her transgender friends.[57] One of the men, James Dixon, had been flirting with her. After he realized she was transgender, he struck her. After falling down, Dixon proceeded to beat her. She died of head injuries in hospital. Her death prompted a number of protests. On 21 April 2016, Dixon was sentenced 12 years in prison after pleading guilty to manslaughter.[58][59]
  • 2013 – Dwayne Jones, a Jamaican 16-year-old, was beaten, stabbed, and run over by a car in Montego Bay on 22 July 2013, after attending a party in women's clothing for the first time.[60][61]
  • 2014 – Jennifer Laude was murdered in Olongapo, Philippines, on 11 October. Joseph Scott Pemberton was convicted of the murder.[62] Pemberton reportedly killed her after discovering she was transgender.[63]
  • 2014 – Çağla Joker was fatally shot in Istanbul on 21 April, while another transgender woman survived. The suspects claimed that they initially wanted sexual relations with her and her friend, but shot both when they discovered they were transgender.[64]
  • 2014 Kimberly Sody, a 28-year-old transfeminine sex worker, was beaten to death in a hotel room in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. After beating her into a coma from which she never recovered, her attackers specifically cut her long hair, which was cited as evidence of transphobic motivation.[65][66]
  • 2015 – Mercedes Williamson, aged 17, was stabbed and beaten to death with a claw hammer in George County, Mississippi on 30 May 2015 by her boyfriend Joshua Vallum.[67] Vallum was a member of the Latin Kings gang, which forbids homosexual activity, and was forced to kill Williamson, a pre-operative transgender woman, when other members found out. Vallum was convicted of both state murder charges, for which he received life imprisonment without parole,[67] and federal charges of hate crimes under the Hate Crimes Prevention Act, for which he was sentenced to forty-nine years imprisonment; prosecutors chose not to seek life imprisonment on the federal charges, owing to Vallum's childhood abuse.[68]
  • 2016 – Paola Ledezma, a 27-year-old transgender woman who was rejected by her family and left her birthplace to become a sex worker in Mexico City, was shot on 30 September by client Arturo Felipe Delgadillo Olvera, who became angry after he found out that she was transgender. Delgadillo, an armed security guard, was released after a judge determined that there was insufficient evidence to conclude.[69]
  • 2016 – Rae'Lynn Thomas, a 28-year-old African American transgender woman, was shot twice in front of her mother, and then beaten to death by James Allen Byrd in Columbus, Ohio, on 10 August, as she begged for her life.[70][71] Byrd called her "the devil" and made transphobic comments.[70][71][72] Her family called for the murder to be investigated as a hate crime, but Ohio hate crime statutes do not cover gender identity.[70][71]
  • 2016 – Jessica Mendes Cavalcanti, 24-year-old transgender woman, was surrounded by two young men and fatally stabbed to death in the Canaa neighborhood of Uberlandia on 19 April. One of the suspects who was apprehended by police confessed that they had committed the crime because Cavalcanti was transgender.[73]
  • 2016 – Laysa Fortuna, a 25-year-old transgender woman, was stabbed in the chest, in Aracaju, Sergipe, on 18 October 2018. The aggressor said that if Bolsonaro was elected president, all trans people and transvestites would be killed.[74] Bolsonaro did not comment.
  • 2017 – Amna, 35 years old, and Meeno, 26 years old, both Khwaja Sara Pakistanis, were allegedly beaten to death and tortured by Saudi police in Riyadh on 28 February. Their clothing and jewelry was also confiscated by the police.[75]
  • 2017 – Chanda Sharmeeli, a 30-year-old transgender woman, was shot dead in Karachi, Pakistan, sometime on 30 August or early morning 31 August. She had been with a gathering of other trans people discussing what they believed to be a recent under-counting of Pakistan's trans community, when a gang of armed men began harassing them, and eventually shot Chanda.[76]
  • 2017 – Bianca, a 32-year-old transgender sex worker from Caracas, Venezuela, was beaten to death by a 29-year-old client "who was shocked by her masculine features".[77] The incident took place in her house in Arnhem, Netherlands on 29 September 2017.[78]
  • 2017 – Dandara Kettley, a 42-year-old travesti, was beaten and shot to death in Bom Jardim, a neighborhood in Fortaleza, Ceará.[79][80][81]
  • 2017 – Wilka, a 40-year-old Brazilian transgender woman, was attacked and killed on 26 March in Pernambuco, in the southern state of Loteamento Luiz Gonzaga. She suffered three stab wounds. According to a friend she was murdered when someone realized that she was transgender whilst attempting to rob her.[82][83]
  • 2018 – Following a false rumor that transgender women were kidnapping children for sex trafficking in Hyderabad, India, four transgender women were attacked by a mob on 26 May 2018. One of the women died. Local police issued an "Appeal to Public" saying that the rumors of criminal involvement by transgender women were "fake", and that the public should not "take law into your hands ... so that innocents won't become a victim of those rumors anymore."[84]
  • 2018 – Nataly Briyth Sánchez, an undocumented sex worker originally from Honduras, was murdered during a sexual encounter on 19 June in Tapachula, Mexico. The client stabbed her to death after discovering that she was transgender.[85]
  • 2018 – Kelly Stough, 36, an African American transgender woman, was murdered in Palmer Park, Detroit in December. Albert Weathers, 46, a preacher, has been charged with her murder, and prosecutors claim her gender identity was a motivator.[86]
  • 2018 – Anastasiya Sapaeva, 43, an actress. Originally from Velikovo, Gorokhovetsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. She was killed in 2018 in Moscow. She became a victim of bullies who did not like her appearance.[87][88]
  • 2019 – Nikki Kuhnhausen, a 17-year-old transgender girl, was murdered by David Y. Bogdanov.[89][90] Her body was identified from decayed human remains on Saturday, 7 December, in the Larch Mountain area near Vancouver, Washington. Authorities were able to identify the body as Kuhnhausen from personal effects; subsequent examination showed she died from strangulation. Kuhnhausen had previously been missing since 5 June (reported 10 June) when she left with David Y. Bogdanov, a 25-year-old male, who has since been charged with second degree murder. Authorities believe the suspect, looking for a sexual encounter, became enraged upon learning of her transgender status. On 26 February 2020, the Washington State Legislature passed the Nikki Kuhnhausen Act, outlawing the use of panic defenses based on gender and sexual identities. The act preempts the trial of Kuhnhausen's alleged killer, and thus prevents the use of that defense.[91][92][93]
  • 2019 – Nina Surgutskaya, 25, was killed, dismembered, and partially cooked by her boyfriend Mikhail Tikhonov, a doctor, in Kursk, western Russia. He became angry upon learning that she was assigned male at birth, which was his motivation for the crime. He also flushed some of Nina's body parts down the toilet, and put her limbs and head in a suitcase.[94][95]
  • 2019 – Chynal Lindsey, 26, an African American transgender woman, was murdered by Ruben Alvarado in Dallas, Texas. Alvarado met with Lindsey for a sexual encounter, and killed her upon discovering that she was a trans woman. He was convicted of first degree murder, and sentenced to 37 years in prison.[96]
  • 2019 – Dime Doe, an African American transgender woman, was murdered by Daqua Lameek Ritter in Allendale, South Carolina. Ritter did not want others to know he and Doe were having an affair. In February 2024, he was found guilty of a hate crime based on gender identity, the first such federal trial in the U.S.[97]

2020s

  • 2020 – Alexa Luciano Ruiz was fatally shot in Puerto Rico on 24 February, after an incident in a local restroom.[98][99] Carmen Yulín Cruz called attention to her death before the 2020 Puerto Rico gubernatorial election. Ms. Luciano was killed while the assailant men laughed.[100]
  • 2020 – Selena Reyes-Hernandez, 37, was fatally shot in Chicago, Illinois, on 31 May by a man she went home with, after telling him that she was transgender.[101]
  • 2020 – Brayla Stone, 17, was murdered in Arkansas in June 2020 by a man seeking to conceal his sexual relationship with her; the killer was "afraid of being considered homosexual" were Stone to reveal their relationship;[102] he pled guilty and was sentenced to 50 years in prison.[103]
  • 2020 – Valera (name is changed in the report), a 46-year-old man, a janitor, was killed on 10 February in Chelyabinsk, Russia, by his dorm roommates after they learned he was a transgender man.[104]
  • 2020 – Serena Angelique Velázquez, 32, and Layla Pelaez, 21, both transgender women, were found burned to death on 22 April in Humacao, Puerto Rico.[105][106][107]
  • 2021 – Ebeng Mayor, a transgender man from Batasan Hills, Philippines, was found raped, mutilated, and killed on 20 May 2021, after being missing for three days.[108]
  • 2022 – Doski Azad, a 23-year-old Kurdish transgender woman, was murdered by her brother for being transgender.[109]
  • 2022 – Ariyanna Mitchell, a 17-year-old African American transgender girl from Virginia, was shot and killed by 19-year-old Jimmy LeShawn Williams with an assault rifle, after he asked her if she was transgender, and she replied, "yes".[110]
  • 2022 - Cherry Bush, a homeless 48-year-old transgender woman, was shot to death in Los Angeles after being subjected to transphobic and derogatory comments.[111] Her alleged killer has been charged with a hate crime.[112]
  • 2023 - Brianna Ghey, 16, was stabbed to death in Culcheth Linear Park on 11 February 2023. Transphobia was recognised as a secondary motive for the killing by one of the two killers.[113][114]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Trans Day of Remembrance". Massachusetts Transgender Political Coalition. 2013. Archived from the original on 14 August 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  2. ^ "Transgender Day of Remembrance". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  3. ^ Rojas, Rick; Swales, Vanessa (27 September 2019). "18 Transgender Killings This Year Raise Fears of an 'Epidemic'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020 – via NYTimes.com.
  4. ^ "For trans women of color facing 'epidemic' of violence, each day is a fight for survival: 'I'm an endangered species… but I cannot stop living'". ABC News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  5. ^ Heller, Susanna. "At least 18 transgender people have been killed this year in what experts are calling an 'epidemic'". Insider. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  6. ^ "Transgender Day of Remembrance honors lives lost while marking staggering milestone". Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Fatal Violence Against the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Community in 2021". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  8. ^ Marhoefer, Laurie (25 August 2023). "Transgender Life and Persecution under the Nazi State: Gutachten on the Vollbrecht Case". Central European History. 56 (4): 595–601. doi:10.1017/S0008938923000468.
  9. ^ a b Marhoefer, Laurie (6 June 2023b). "Historians are learning more about how the Nazis targeted trans people". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  10. ^ Rosenkranz, Bernhard; Bollmann, Ulf; White, Joanna. "Personendetails". raumdernamen.mauthausen-memorial.org. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  11. ^ Davies, Sharyn Graham (2010). Gender Diversity in Indonesia: Sexuality, Islam and queer selves. Routledge. pp. 197–198. ISBN 978-0-203-86095-3.
  12. ^ Joediono, Anindya (21 August 2017). "Pembacaan Historis Keberagaman Gender dalam Masyarakat Tradisional". IndoProgress. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  13. ^ Carranco, Rebeca; García, Jesús (9 October 2011). "Morir por ser transexual". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  14. ^ Flick (10 October 2011). "Se cumplen veinte años de la muerte de Sonia, la mujer transexual asesinada en Barcelona por un grupo de ultraderechistas". Dos Manzanas (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  15. ^ a b Chris Summers, The victims of prejudice Archived 9 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 26 December 2003.
  16. ^ Rothstein, Kevin (1997). "Travesty of justice: When is a murder not a murder? When the victim is transsexual" (PDF). The Phoenix.
  17. ^ Kahn, Ric; Bai, Matt (23 November 1995). "Victim's Twin Says Gender was no Secret He Disputes Alleged Motive for Slaying of Transsexual: [City Edition]". Boston Globe. p. 57.
  18. ^ Nangeroni, Nancy (January 1996). "Another Boston Transsexual Murdered". Renaissance. pp. 1, 6. Archived from the original on 8 August 2024.
  19. ^ Doherty, William F. "Witness says accused killer knew beforehand transsexual was male: [City Edition]." Boston Globe, 23 April 1997, pp. B, 2:3.
  20. ^ Allen, Samantha (20 November 2015). "The Trans Murder That Started a Movement". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  21. ^ First National Survey of Transgender Violence (PDF). GenderPAC. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  22. ^ Wilchins, Riki Anne (19 October 1996). "Vigil at Vigil at Forte Murder Trial, Killer Gets Life". InYourFace. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  23. ^ a b c d Siegal, Nina. "The Crying Game". Salon. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  24. ^ a b Segal, Nina (24 July 2000). "Watershed of Mourning at the Border of Gender". New York Regional. The New York Times on the Web. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2008.
  25. ^ Sycamore, Matt Bernstein (2004). That's Revolting!: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation. Soft Skull Press. pp. 101–02. ISBN 978-1-932360-56-1. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  26. ^ Shepard, Benjamin Heim (2002). "Amanda Milan and The Rebirth of Street Trans Activist Revolutionaries". From ACT UP to the WTO: Urban Protest and Community Building in the Era of Globalization. Verso. pp. 156–63. ISBN 1-85984-356-5.
  27. ^ Currah, Paisley; Richard M. Juang; Shannon Minter (2006). Transgender Rights. Univ of Minnesota Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8166-4312-7. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
  28. ^ Duggan, Paul (31 August 2001). "Gay Youth's Death Shakes Colo. City". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  29. ^ Hauff, Bret. "Man who murdered LGBTQ teen in Cortez is released from prison". The Journal. Archived from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  30. ^ McElroy, Steven (19 June 2006). "What's on Tonight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 19 July 2010. A GIRL LIKE ME: THE GWEN ARAUJO STORY
  31. ^ Wollaston, Sam (27 May 2005). "Body politics". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
  32. ^ Marshall, Carolyn (13 September 2005). "2 Guilty of Murder in Death of a Transgender Teenager". The New York Times. p. 20. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
  33. ^ a b Zak Szymanski (15 September 2005). "Two murder convictions in Araujo case". Bay Area Reporter. Archived from the original on 1 February 2009.
  34. ^ Shelley, Christopher (2 August 2008). Transpeople: repudiation, trauma, healing. University of Toronto Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-8020-9539-8. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
  35. ^ "17-year-old Indianapolis Youth Killed Because She Was Trans – commonplacebook.com". commonplacebook.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  36. ^ Howard, Anne K. "Connecticut Serial Killer William Devin Howell Describes the Shocking Details of His Crimes". A&E. Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
  37. ^ "Was Shelby Tom's Death a Hate Crime?". The Tyee. 19 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  38. ^ Jeremy Hainsworth (9 September 2009). "Trans killing not a hate crime". dailyxtra.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  39. ^ "Convicted Killer Walks Away From Half-way House | Vancouver Sun". 13 September 2009. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  40. ^ Zytaruk, Tom (19 March 2020). "Surrey criminal's dangerous offender designation set aside by appeal court". Surrey Now-Leader. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  41. ^ A Direcção e o Grupo de Intervenção Política da Associação ILGA Portugal (1 August 2006). "Associação ILGA Portugal desafia Governo e Parlamento a aprovarem lei da identidade de género". ILGA Portugal (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  42. ^ Rodrigues, Catarina Marques. "Gisberta, a transexual que gostava de Marilyn Monroe, acabou morta num poço depois de dias de agressões de 14 menores. Dez anos depois, família e amigos não a esquecem. E os jovens?". Observador (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  43. ^ Filho, Mamede (23 February 2016). "A brasileira que virou símbolo LGBT e cujo assassinato levou a novas leis em Portugal" (in Portuguese). BBC. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  44. ^ Quesada, Juan Diego (16 May 2010). "Muerte de un transexual". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  45. ^ Flick (6 April 2010). "Condenadas a 18 años y 9 meses de prisión las dos mujeres que maltrataron hasta la muerte a un chico transexual que les ofreció cobijo". Dos Manzanas (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  46. ^ V., Javier (23 February 2010). "TODO lo que no se ha dicho sobre el asesinato de Roberto -hombre transexual- el "Brandon Teena español"". Diario Digital Transexual (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  47. ^ Spellman, Jim (23 April 2009). "Transgender murder, hate crime conviction a first". DENVER, Colorado: CNN. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  48. ^ Whaley, Monte (31 July 2008). "Transgender victim referred to as "it"". The Denver Post. Greeley, Colorado. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  49. ^ "Trial hears 'gay things must die' tape". Logo. Greeley, Colorado: 365gay.com. 21 April 2009. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
  50. ^ "Transgender murder, hate crime conviction a first". CNN. 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  51. ^ Ring, Trudy (26 May 2012). "Newark Man Acquitted in Murder of Transgender Model". The Advocate. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2016 – via Wayback Machine.
  52. ^ Jindasurat, Chai (20 November 2012). "Transgender Day of Remembrance; Remembering Dee Dee Pearson". Glaad. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  53. ^ Aegerter, Macradee (4 October 2012). "Man Sentenced in Transgender Murder Case". WDAF-TV. Kansas City, Missouri. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  54. ^ "Man Sentenced in Transgender Murder Case". WDAF-TV. 5 October 2012. Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  55. ^ ntv.ru. "Транссексуала забили до смерти лопатой". НТВ (in Russian). Archived from the original on 5 May 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  56. ^ "Kern County District Attorney seeks death penalty for man who murdered transgender cellmate at Delano prison". 23ABC News Bakersfield. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  57. ^ Kellaway, Mitch (4 March 2015). "Suspect Indicted in Beating Death of N.Y. Trans Woman Islan Nettles". The Advocate. Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  58. ^ "James Dixon Pleads Guilty to Manslaughter of Transgender Woman Islan Nettles". NBC News. 4 April 2016. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  59. ^ "Man sentenced for Islan Nettles murder". Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights. 21 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  60. ^ McFadden, David (11 August 2013). "In Jamaica, transgender teen killed by mob". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013.
  61. ^ "Le meurtre d'un transgenre de 16 ans fait réfléchir la Jamaïque". CBC/Radio-Canada. 12 August 2013. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  62. ^ Gomez, Jim; Cerojano, Teresa (12 January 2015). "US Marine found guilty of killing transgender Filipino". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  63. ^ "U.S. Marine Joseph Pemberton charged with killing Filipino transgender". Associated Press. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  64. ^ Kellaway, Mitch (20 November 2014). "Transgender Day of Remembrance: Those We've Lost in 2014". The Advocate. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  65. ^ Flick. "Nuevo asesinato de una mujer transexual en la República Dominicana". dosmanzanas. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  66. ^ Nuñez, Ali (1 November 2014). "Entidades protestarán asesinato transexual". Al Momento (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  67. ^ a b "'I killed Mercedes, and she's in hell now'". BBC. 17 January 2018. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  68. ^ "Man sentenced to 49 years for anti-transgender hate crime killing". CBS News. 15 May 2017. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  69. ^ Nieto, Antonio (18 October 2016). "Mata un escolta a travesti en la CDMX y el juez lo deja libre; nadie de su familia vino al funeral". suracapulco.mx (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
  70. ^ a b c "Rae'Lynn Thomas, 28, was shot at home August 10" Archived 14 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, advocate.com. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  71. ^ a b c "Family of Columbus woman killed call it a hate crime". 10tv.com. 12 August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  72. ^ "Rae'Lynn Thomas, Ohio Transgender Woman, Killed by Mom's Ex Who Called Her "Satan"". mic.com. 12 August 2016. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  73. ^ "Three Brazilian Trans females murdered". planettransgender.com. 28 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  74. ^ "Transexuais são assassinadas sob gritos de "Bolsonaro presidente"". Brasil de Fato (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 October 2018. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  75. ^ "Two transgender Pakistanis tortured to death in Saudi Arabia". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  76. ^ "Police clueless about attackers as transwoman shot dead in DHA". The News International. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  77. ^ "Elf jaar cel voor doodslag op Arnhemse transgender Bianca". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  78. ^ "Elf jaar cel geëist voor doodslag Arnhemse transgenderprostituee Bianca". de Gelderlander (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  79. ^ "Polícia investiga homicídio de travesti que foi espancada até a morte no CE". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 March 2017. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  80. ^ "Five sentenced for murder of trans woman which shocked the world". PinkNews. 6 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  81. ^ "Artist Honors Murdered Transgender Woman With Stunning Butterfly Wings". HuffPost. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  82. ^ "Trans woman dies after being stabbed in the neck in Brazil". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  83. ^ "One more trans woman killed". gaynewseurope.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  84. ^ Suri, Manveena (28 May 2018). "Indian mob kills transgender woman over fake rumors spread on WhatsApp". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  85. ^ "Transexual woman killed inside her home" (in Mexican Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  86. ^ Detroit pastor charged with transgender woman's murder Archived 14 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine by Tim Fitzsimons of the Associated Press (Accessed 9 February 2019)
  87. ^ "Звезда фильма "Утомленные солнцем 2" зверски убит после смены пола | StarHit.ru". www.starhit.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  88. ^ "Актера из "Утомленных солнцем-2" забили до смерти после смены пола". ura.news. 31 March 2018. Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  89. ^ "Man, 25, faces murder allegation in death of transgender Vancouver teen". The Columbian. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  90. ^ Heye, Bob; et al. (17 December 2019). "Missing transgender teen found dead in remote Clark Co., suspect faces murder charge". KATU. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  91. ^ "Missing Trans Teen Found Dead in Washington State". The Advocate. 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  92. ^ Sidner, Sara (19 December 2019). "Police make arrest in death of transgender teen in Vancouver, Washington". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  93. ^ Mize, Jeffrey (26 February 2020). "Senate OKs Nikki Kuhnhausen Act". The Columbian. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  94. ^ Egan, Leigh (23 April 2019). "Doctor strangles, hacks off date's body parts after learning she had sex reassignment surgery: Police". Crime Online. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  95. ^ Прошлое выдал секс: раскрыты шокирующие обстоятельства убийства транссексуала в Курске [Sex Reveals Past: Shocking Circumstances of Transsexual Murder in Kursk Revealed]. РЕН ТВ (in Russian). 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  96. ^ "Texas man gets 37 years for murdering transgender woman". Associated Press. 11 November 2021. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  97. ^ "Man convicted in Black transgender woman's killing in first federal hate crime trial over gender identity". NBC News. Associated Press. 23 February 2024. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  98. ^ Harmeet Kaur; Rafy Rivera (29 February 2020). "A transgender woman's brutal murder has shocked Puerto Rico and renewed a conversation about transphobia". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  99. ^ "Transgender woman killed in Puerto Rico after using women's bathroom". NBC News. 25 February 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  100. ^ "Wave of trans murders sparks fear of 'hunting season' in Puerto Rico". Reuters. 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
  101. ^ Hendrickson, Matthew (17 June 2020). "Man allegedly murdered woman after she told him she was transgender". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  102. ^ Lang, Nico (18 August 2021). "Arkansas Man Sentenced to 50 Years in Prison After Killing Black Trans Teenager". Them. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  103. ^ McCoy, Mitch (13 August 2021). "Prosecutor: Man Sentenced to 50 Years in Prison for Killing Transgender Teen to Hide Their Relation". Kark. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  104. ^ "Нечеловеческие крики": в Челябинске убили дворника-трансгендера. gazetalru (in Russian). 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
  105. ^ Ring, Trudy (1 May 2020). "Two Arrested in Killings of Trans Women in Puerto Rico". www.advocate.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  106. ^ "2 men detained for allegedly burning 2 transgender women to death in Puerto Rico". www.cbsnews.com. 30 April 2020. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  107. ^ "Llegan a un acuerdo de culpabilidad por asesinatos de dos mujeres trans en primer caso federal por crimen de odio en Puerto Rico" [Plea deal reached for murders of two trans women in first federal hate crime case in Puerto Rico]. El Nuevo Día. 3 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  108. ^ Wakefield, Lily (22 May 2021). "Trans man Ebeng Mayor mutilated, raped and murdered in disturbing hate crime". PinkNews. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  109. ^ Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (21 February 2022). "Kurdish transgender woman shot by brother had been hiding from family". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  110. ^ Kerr, Sue (11 April 2022). "Black Trans Teen Girl Ariyanna Mitchell, 17, Murdered in Virginia". Pittsburgh Lesbian Correspondents. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  111. ^ Itzel, Luna (21 July 2022). "Suspect charged with hate crime in Sylmar shooting". LA Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  112. ^ "Cherry Bush, Unhoused Trans Woman, Killed in Alleged Hate Crime". 28 July 2022. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  113. ^ "Teenagers jailed for 'exceptionally brutal' murder of Brianna Ghey". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  114. ^ Hirtz, Moritz & Lazaro (3 February 2024). "Life sentences for teenagers who murdered Brianna Ghey". bbc.co.uk. BBC. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender&oldid=1260722036#USA2018"