Dollah Darya Khan
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Jam Darya Khan Sammo | |
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| ڄام دولهه دريا خان قبوليو سمو | |
| Regent of the Samma Ruler | |
| In office 1490–1512 | |
| Monarchs | Jam Feroz, Jam Nizamuddin II |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1521 Fatehpur, Sindh, Samma Dynasty |
| Children | Mahmud Khan Qabulio, Motan/Matin Khan Qabulio |
| Occupation | General, Noble, Courtman |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Qabulio Samma |
| Years of service | 1490-1521 |
| Rank | Commanding General |
| Commands | Samma Army |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Jalwakhir Battle of Fatehpur |
Jam Mubarak Khan Qabulio Sammo (Darya Khan Lashari,[1] Darya Khan Qabulio Sammo[citation needed] (Sindhi: دريا خان قبوليو)), was a general of the Samma Dynasty of Sindh, a statesman and regent at the court of Samma ruler Jam Feroz.[citation needed]
Darya Khan may have belonged to Qabooliyo tribe of Samma[2][unreliable source?][3][unreliable source?] or a Lashari Baloch[1] and the adopted son and prime minister of Jam Nizamuddin II.[4][unreliable source?] Darya Khan Sammo became the 'Dollah' (Hero) of Sindh. On his deathbed, Jam Nizamuddin, entrusted Darya Khan to care for his kingdom, his treasures, his family, and his son Jam Feroz.
Darya Khan was killed in action in the Battle of Fatehpur when an arrow struck his throat, thus ending the reign of Jam Feroz as an independent ruler.[citation needed]
Military service
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In the Mongol days, Sultan Hussain Mirza Baiqra, of Khurasan, responding to complaints of the Central Asian merchants of Herat and Qandhar that they had been looted by Sindhis, sent an armed expedition to the Sind border. A declaration of victory was issued in Herat in 892 A.H. (1487 A.D.). It stated that the infidels (Sindhis), aware of Mongol movements, collected a large army and planned a surprise attack. Still, the Mongol Islamic forces learned of it and attacked, killing many Hindus (led by Jam Nizamuddin).
This may have been an attack on the Sindh border without any results. Amir Zul Noon Arghoon was then Herat's Naib at Qandhar. He seems to have despatched his son Shah Beg on this expedition. The latter captured Sibi Fort from Bahadur Khan and installed his brother Sultan Mohammad, who was later defeated and killed by Mubarak Khan (Darya Khan Dullah) near Jalwagir in Bolan Pass.
After this incident, the Mongols did not appear in Sindh during the life of Jam Nizamuddin. Mongol troops had advanced as far as Chanduka, Sardecha, and Kot Machhi. After they were expelled by Darya Khan, they did not return during Jam Nizamuddin's lifetime.
Jam Nizamuddin died after 48 years of rule of Sind and was succeeded by his son Nasiruddin Abul Fatah Feroz Shah-II. At that time, Jam Feroz had neglected affairs of state and refused the advice of Darya Khan, who retired to his Jagir in the village Ghaha (Kahan near Sehwan). These failures brought his defeat at the hands of Salahuddin who became Sindh's ruler. Feroz Shah, along with his mother Madina Machhani went over to Ghaha to Darya Khan, who at the request of Madina agreed to help. He collected troops from Sehwan, but lost to Haji, the Minister of Jam Salahuddin. The Minister's letter about the success fell into the hands of Darya Khan, who replaced it, conveying to Salahuddin that the Minister's forces had been defeated. Darya Khan then moved Feroz Shah to Thatta and installed him as 1st Shawwal, 918 A.H. (2 October 1512 A.D.). Salahuddin then returned to Gujarat. He remained in possession of Thatta for about eight months and collected a large sum of money from Thatta and organized another battle.[5]
Last days of Darya Khan
Records of his last days include:
Tahiri:
that the courtiers being jealous of his power and position persuaded Feroz Shah to crush him, but the latter finding himself incapable avoided any direct conflict; so they approached Feroz's mother Madina Machhani advising her to invite the Mongols and Arghuns to free Sindh from the power of Darya Khan. According to this plan, Madina invited Shah Beg from Qandahar. Shah Beg took the Baghban-Sehwan route and encountered Darya Khan near the 'Khan Wan' canal which he had himself built to irrigate the lands of village Sankorah (Sakro) and other areas (of Thatta and Sakro Talukas). Darya Khan was killed while fighting bravely when an arrow hit him in the throat. Feroz Shah kept aloof.[6]
Masumi:
Some Mongols had migrated to Thatta and entered the service of Jam Feroz who had assigned a separate quarter to them called Mongol Pura. One Mir Qasim Kaibakian Arghoon encouraged and induced Shah Beg to undertake the conquest of Thatta and, therefore, Shah Beg made reparations and was first opposed near Talhati (Talti) by Matan Khan (Motan Khan) son of Darya Khan, but avoiding them Shah Beg reached Khanwah located 6 miles north of the city of Thatta, crossed the river at a point where it was shallow and reached near Thatta. Darya Khan left Feroz Shah in the city and came out to fight a fierce battle, which he lost, and was captured by Tingari Birdi Qabtasal and put to sword along with the other Samma soldiers. Jam Feroz took to flight.
Beglar Namat:
he was captured and killed.
Zafar-ul-Walih:
he was called by the Arghoons to discuss peace terms and treacherously murdered.
Shrine
The shrine of Dollah Darya Khan Sammo is in Makli graveyard in Thatta, near the grave of Jam Nizamuddin Samma. An inscription at the north of Mubarak Khan's grave calls him Al Khanul Azam Wa Shahid Mubarak Khan Ibn Sultan Nizamuddin.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b Baloch, N. A.; Rafi, A. Q. (1998). History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 4: THE REGIONS OF SIND, BALUCHISTAN, MULTAN AND KASHMIR: THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING (PDF). Unesco. p. 305. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
- ^ "Desecrated Heritage". Newsline. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
In the 1980s, historians Dr. Ghulam Muhammad Lakho and Dr. Azad Qazi published academic works (with proper historical references) that showed Darya Khan was a Sammo.
- ^ Khair Mohammad Buriro Sewhani (2005). ذاتين جي انسائيڪلوپيڊيا (in Sindhi). p. 566.
In the book of "Makli nama" it is written that the Dollah Darya Khan also belonged to Qaboolio clan of Samma.
- ^ InpaperMagazine, From (2013-03-09). "Heritage: Setting history right". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
- ^ Puri, B. N.; Das, M. N. (2003-12-01). A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 81. ISBN 978-81-207-2508-9.
- ^ Channa Mahboob Ali, Mehran, Vol.41, No. 4, 1964, pp. 131-32.