Sapudi inscription

Sapudi inscription
Material	Stone (Limestone?)
Size	34.5 cm × 49.5 cm × 8 cm (13.6 in × 19.5 in × 3.1 in)
Writing	Arabic–Javanese (Pèghu) in Eastern Javanese
Created	c. 43 Hijri / 663 CE
Discovered	Sapudi (Indonesia)
Present location	Balai Pelestarian Kebudayaan Wilayah XI Jawa Timur (lit. 'Center of Cultural Preservation Region IX of East Java')

The Sapudi inscription (Javanese: ꦥꦿꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦶꦤꦸꦱꦱꦥꦸꦣꦪ꧀, romanized: prasasti nusa Sapuday; Madurese: prasastè nosa Sapoday), or Koattas inscription (Indonesian: prasasti dusun Koattas) is an Eastern Javanese inscription discovered at the Koattas urban area of Gayam district in the Indonesian region of Sapudi in East Java.

These stone inscription was found in 1988 by a laborer during the excavation process of the Masjid (a Muslim prayer place) renovation, located within the historical Asta Blingi complex. The inscription written in Madurese-type of Eastern Javanese (most of it appears to be the Old Javanese), using Arabic–Javanese writing system (known locally in Sapudi as Pèghu, derived from Javanese Pegon), with several mentions of Javanese honorifics and some Arabic-derived words.

Since 2020, according to the Indonesian law on Cultural Preservation, the Asta Blingi complex — location where these inscription located at, is officially determined as Cultural Site, and any historical matters within the region is protected under the law.

Description

The inscription is made out of limestone with the size of 34.5 cm × 49.5 cm × 8 cm (13.6 in × 19.5 in × 3.1 in). A commom material found on the island.

It records the genealogy of several Javanese-origin monarch leaders of the archipelagic region off the coastal Eastern Java, namely the Madura, Raas, Sapudi, Kangean, as well as Makassar in Southern Sulawesi.

Text

Line	Transliteration (by East Java Cultural Preservation team)	Translation	Notes
1	punika sejarane	this is the history
2	luhure kang duwe masjid	[of] the ancestor of the masjid owner
3	anak putune Tumenggung Puger arane Cinde ..	the grandchildren of Tumenggung Puger, his/her name is Cinde ..	Tumenggung is the Javanese nobility/honorific title of Temanggung-origin
4	.. Amo. Cinde Amo ngaputra Tumenggung Ratu Jumeneng Risbanggah ..	.. Amo. Cinde Amo taking a son/having a son(?) Tumenggung Ratu Jumeneng(?) Risbanggah ..	the Tumenggung Ratu Jumeneng is either the longer honorific title or the jumeneng could be translated as 'named' (named as Risbanggah), but it is likely merely the nobility/honorific Javanese title, since the term still commonly used by modern Javanese royals.
5	.. Madura. Tumenggung Ratu aduwe putra satunggal jaler, punika angone ..	.. of Madura. The Tumenggung Ratu having a son, that he ..
6	.. ngagawarwa susunan Ampel wejange ilmu hakikat. Sawise ..	.. married to Susuhunan of Tumapel (with instruct of religious spells(?)). After ..
7	.. anglalana mangetan aduwe dakwa ing Pulo Sapudi masuara tapane ..	.. wandering (or missionaring) by doing the daʿwāh in Sapudi Island, proselytizing ..
8	.. ngagata ṣaḥabat jumeneng Panembahan. Panembahan ngaputra satunggal ..	.. acts of ṣaḥāba named Panembahan. Panembahan having a child ..	the Panembahan here is actually a Javanese noble title, but used as reference to someone, similar to English sense of “Queen Elizabeth” but only mentioned as “The Queen”.
9	.. jalu ngajajuluk Ngabehi Kanduruhan. Kanduruhan ngaputra ..	.. known as Ngabehi Kanduruhan. Kanduruhan having children ..	Ngabehi is cognates to the modern Javanese noble title of Bêi or Bhre.
10	.. nenem. Kakalih ngestri, kang lanang papat, kang sepuh ngajujuluk (Barbarat) ..	.. six in total. Two are female, and four males, the eldest (Barbarat) ..
11	.. jumeneng ing kidul. adine jumeneng in Raas ngajujuluk Demang Jaga Krama. adine jumeneng ing Kangeyan ngajujuluk Wira Krama. adine ..	.. having a throne in the south. the younger brother having a throne in Raas, his name is Demang Jaga Krama. the younger brother in Kangean, his name is Wira Krama. the younger brother ..
12	.. jumeneng najaga ing Mekasan ngajajuluk Bangsa Kusuma. ..	.. that protected Makassar named Bangsa Kusuma.
13	Kang ngestri satunggal aduwe putra jalu satunggal jumeneng ing Sapudi ..	The one female having a son, reign in Sapudi ..
14	.. ngajujuluk Wira Dipa. Punika kang anjenengaken masjid tatkala..	.. named Wira Dipa. That is the one who built the masjid back then ..
15	.. Ngadek Saka Jawa #Patang Matelu Batu Ngetan#.	.. [the founder] are of Java-origin. #Fourty three of eastern time#?	The #Fourty three of eastern time# probably corresponds to 43 Hijri year in Islamic calendar, equals to 663 CE in Gregorian calendar. The word batu here is not to be confused with watu (lit. 'stone'), since it is using Madurese-type Eastern Javanese language, the word batu here actually referring to 'time', derived from the Arabic word وَقْط (waqṭ), in Modern Madurese it is spelt as bekto.