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Sallaans dialect

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Sallaans
Native toNetherlands
Native speakers
350,000 (2009)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3sdz
Glottologsall1238

Sallaans (Dutch: Sallands; Low Saxon: Sallaands) is a collective term for the Westphalian[citation needed] dialects of the region Salland, in the province of Overijssel, as well as in minor parts of Gelderland and Drenthe in the Eastern Netherlands, and a small part in the North and the East of Veluwe.[2] In the Kop van Overijssel, the Stellingwarfs dialect is spoken.

A common term used by native speakers for their dialect, which is also used by Low Saxon speakers from other regions for their respective dialects, is plat or simply dialect. Yet another common usage is to refer to the language by the name of the local variety, where for instance Dal(f)sens would be the name for the Sallaans variety spoken in the village of Dalfsen. Sallands is more influenced by the Hollandic dialects than Twents or Achterhoeks. This influence is known as the Hollandse expansie. For example, the word 'house' (Standard Dutch huis [ɦœys]) is hoes [ɦuːs] in Twents but huus [ɦyːs] in Sallaans. The Hollandic dialects of the 17th century still had not diphthongized [] to [œy], and due to their prestigious status they triggered the shift from [] to [].[3][4][5]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Consonants in the dialect of Raalte[6]
Labial Alveolar Dorsal Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d (ɡ)
Fricative voiceless f s χ h
voiced v z ɣ
Trill r
Approximant ʋ l j
  • [ɡ] appears only as an allophone of /k/ before voiced consonants.[7]
  • /ʋ/ occurring before and after back-rounded vowels is pronounced as a labio-velar approximant [w].
  • After long close and close-mid vowels, /r/ surfaces as a diphthongization of the vowel, as in zoer [ˈzuːə̯]. This also happens in compounds: veurkämer [vøːə̯kæːmər].[stress needed] It is also often dropped preconsonantally after /ə/.[8]

Vowels

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Raalte monophthongs[9]
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long
Close i y u
Close-mid ɪ ʏ øː ə ʊ
Open-mid ɛ ɛː œ œː ɔ ɔː
Open æ æː ɑ ɑː
  • Unlike in Standard Dutch, the long close-mid monophthongs /eː, øː, oː/ are actual monophthongs and not narrow closing diphthongs [ei, øy, ou]. They do not appear before /r/ whenever that consonant occurs before a vowel or at the end of a word, where the open-mid series /ɛː, œː, ɔː/ occurs instead.[10]
  • The schwa /ə/ is often dropped before /n/, resulting in a syllabic nasal homorganic with the preceding consonant. This occurs after most consonants, including nasals themselves: piepen [ˈpipm̩], slóffen [ˈslʊfɱ̍], gieten [ˈχiːtn̩], kieken [ˈkikŋ̍], esprungen [əˈsprœŋŋ̍], lachen [ˈlɑχɴ̩]. The sequences /əl/ and /ər/ are treated the same, except for the fact that they do not assimilate to the place of articulation of the preceding consonant.[11]
Raalte diphthongs[12]
Front Back
Close ij, iu yi, yu uw
Open ɛi ɪu œy ɔi ʊi ɑu
  • /œy/ is realized as [œi] before vowels and in the word-final position.[13]

Some examples

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Present tense

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Sallaans Dutch English
Ik loop(e) Ik loop I walk
Ie loopt / lopen Jij loopt You walk
Hee/hi'j / Zie/zi'j lup(t) Hij / Zij loopt He / she walks
Wie loopt / lopen Wij lopen We walk
Jullie / Juulu / ieluu loopt / lopen Jullie lopen You walk (plural)
Zie loopt / lopen Zij lopen They walk

Past tense

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Sallaans Dutch English
Ik liepe Ik liep I walked
Ie liep'n Jij liep You walked
Hee / Zee liep Hij / Zij liep He / She walked
Wuu-lu liep'n Wij liepen We walked
Jullie / Juu-lu liep'n Jullie liepen You walked (plural)
Zie liep'n Zij liepen They walked

Plurals and diminutives

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Sallaans Dutch English
een komme een kom One bowl
twee komm'n twee kommen Two bowls
Sallaans Dutch English
een kömmegie een kommetje one little bowl
twee kömmegies twee kommetjes two little bowls

References

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  1. ^ Sallaans at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ A. A. Weijnen, Nederlandse dialectkunde, 1958, p. 461, Kaart 36a - De noordoostelijke dialecten (online)
  3. ^ Henk Bloemhoff, Jurjen van der Kooi, Hermann Niebaum en Siemon Reker (red.), Handboek Nedersaksische Taal- en Letterkunde, Assen: Van Gorcum
  4. ^ H. Scholtmeijer (2006), Mörn! Taalgids Overijssel, Assen: In Boekvorm Uitgevers bv. (p.64-65)
  5. ^ G.G. Kloeke (1927) De Hollandsche expansie in de zestiende en zeventiende eeuw en haar weerspiegeling in de hedendaagsche Nederlandsche dialecten: Proeve eener historisch-dialectgeographische synthese
  6. ^ Spa (2011), pp. 40, 47.
  7. ^ Spa (2011), p. 47.
  8. ^ Spa (2011), pp. 42–43.
  9. ^ Spa (2011), pp. 11–35.
  10. ^ Spa (2011), pp. 19, 21, 23, 42.
  11. ^ Spa (2011).
  12. ^ Spa (2011), pp. 35–39.
  13. ^ Spa (2011), p. 44.

Bibliography

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  • Spa, J.J. (2011). De dialecten van centraal-Salland: Raalte, Heino en Lemelerveld.

Further reading

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  • Nijen Twilhaar, Jan (1999), "Deventer", in Kruijsen, Joep; van der Sijs, Nicoline (eds.), Honderd Jaar Stadstaal (PDF), Uitgeverij Contact, pp. 59–73
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